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Proud Mary

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This article is about the song by Creedence Clearwater Revival. For the band, see Proud Mary (band). For the film, see Proud Mary (film).
"Proud Mary"
Single by Creedence Clearwater Revival
from the album Bayou Country
B-side"Born on the Bayou"
ReleasedJanuary 1969 (1969-01)[1][2]
Recorded1968
StudioRCA Studios in Hollywood, California[3]
Genre
Length3:07
LabelFantasy
Songwriter(s)John Fogerty
Producer(s)John Fogerty[1]
Creedence Clearwater Revival singles chronology
"I Put a Spell on You"
(1968) 		"Proud Mary"
(1969) 		"Bad Moon Rising"
(1969)
Music video
"Proud Mary" (lyric video) on YouTube

"Proud Mary" is a rock n' roll song written by John Fogerty and first recorded by his band Creedence Clearwater Revival. It was released by Fantasy Records as a single from the band's second studio album, Bayou Country, which was issued by the same record company in January 1969. The single is generally considered to have been released in early January 1969,[1][2] although at least one source[3] states that it came out just before Christmas 1968. The song became a major hit in the United States, peaking at #2 on the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1969, the first of five non-consecutive singles to peak at #2 for the group.[5] It was the only song by CCR to be kept from the #1 spot by two songs, first unable to dethrone "Everyday People" by Sly and the Family Stone which then "hopped" over the #2 position with the #3 hit "Dizzy" by Tommy Roe.

Background and recording

In a 1969 interview, Fogerty said that he wrote it in the two days after he was discharged from the National Guard.[6] In the liner notes for the 2008 expanded reissue of Bayou Country, Joel Selvin explained that the songs for the album started when John Fogerty was in the National Guard, that the riffs for "Proud Mary", "Born on the Bayou", and "Keep on Chooglin'" were conceived by Fogerty at a concert in the Avalon Ballroom, and "Proud Mary" was arranged from parts of different songs, one of which was about a washerwoman named Mary.[3] The line "Left a good job in the city" was written following Fogerty's discharge from the National Guard, and the line "rollin' on the river" was from a movie by Will Rogers.[7]

"Proud Mary's" singer, a low-wage earner, leaves what he considers a "good job," which he might define as steady work, even though for long hours under a dictatorial boss. He decides to follow his impulse and imagination and hitches a ride on a riverboat queen, bidding farewell to the city. Only when the boat pulls out does he see the "good side of the city"—which, for him, is one in the distance, far removed from his life. Down by the river and on the boat, the singer finds protection from "the man" and salvation from his working-class pains in the nurturing spirit and generosity of simple people who "are happy to give" even "if you have no money." The river in Fogerty and traditionally in literature and song is a place holding biblical and epical implications. ... Indeed, the river in "Proud Mary" offers not only escape but also rebirth to the singer.[8]

The song is a seamless mix of black and white roots music ..."Proud Mary" is, of course, a steamboat traveling up and down the river. Fogerty's lyric sketches out a vivid picture of the protagonist finding a comfortable niche in a community of outsiders ... The story connects back to Mark Twain; it brings the myth [of "the rambling man and life along the Mississippi"] into the sixties.[9]

In the Macintosh program "Garage Band", Fogerty explained that he liked Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and wanted to open a song with a similar intro (descending by a third), implying the way "Proud Mary" opens with the repeated C chord to A chord. Fogerty wanted to evoke male gospel harmonies, as exemplified by groups he was familiar with such as the Swan Silvertones, the Sensational Nightingales, and the Five Blind Boys of Mississippi; especially on the line, "Rollin', rollin', rollin' on the river"; and in the guitar solo he did his, "best [imitation of] Steve Cropper."[10] The basic track for "Proud Mary", as with the other songs on the album, was recorded by John Fogerty (lead guitar), Tom Fogerty (rhythm guitar), Stu Cook (bass), and Doug Clifford (drums) at RCA Studios in Hollywood, California, with John overdubbing instruments and all the vocals later.[3]

Chart performance

Solomon Burke version

"Proud Mary"
Single by Solomon Burke
from the album Proud Mary
B-side"What Am I Living For"
Released1969
Recorded1969
GenreCountry soul
Length3:26
LabelBell Records
783
Songwriter(s)John Fogerty

I know a lot of you folks would like to know what the old Proud Mary is all about. Well, I'd like to tell you about her. She's nothing but a big old boat. You see, my forefathers used to ride the bottoms of her as stokers, cooks, and waiters, and I made a vow that when I grew up I'd take a ride on the old Proud Mary ...

— intro

In 1969 Solomon Burke had a small hit with his cover of the song, which was his second release for Bell and was co-produced by singer Tamiko Jones,[23] who was being rehabilitated after a bout of polio,[24] and was at the time Burke's fiancée and manager. Burke recalls: "We went to Muscle Shoals and recorded Proud Mary, which they didn't like at all. They thought it was stupid to record a song Proud Mary, which was already on the charts. I was explaining to them that it was a very big record, but it's a very white record, a pop record. We will redo the record, open up the doors for it to get on the r&b charts and make the black stations to play the record ... It was a Solomon Burke record made in Muscle Shoals. We proved that we can make a hit record without Jerry Wexler eating sandwiches with us. This record was a hit without anybody's help. Proud Mary was only promoted by Tamiko Jones and myself." According to Mark Denning, "While that may have seemed like a bald-faced bid for pop radio play, in Burke's hands the song became a bracing tale of life in the Deep South as African-Americans searched for liberation aboard the ship that carried them as slaves and put them to undignified labor serving wealthy whites."[25]

John Fogerty, the song's composer, was impressed by Burke's version of his song: "Two thousand miles away this man had crawled right up inside my head to learn what Proud Mary was all about. Sure, it's great when someone sings your song, but when he understands it, you listen like it was the first time." "Reworked as a celebration of black consciousness, his potent mix of gospel and country – the kind that defined his earlier sides for Atlantic – and driven by a Southern funk-like strut, . ... it returned Burke to the US R&B Top 20",[26] with the single reaching #15 on the R&B charts and #45 on the pop charts. According to Burke in a 2002 interview: "I was in Vegas for sixteen weeks at the Sands Hotel. I missed this record being a hit, because we weren't there to promote the record, we had no backing. The greatest thing I ever did was tell Ike Turner, "Hey man, you should get on this record ... I think you and Tina could tear this thing up."[27] On 24 May 1969 Burke sang his version of "Proud Mary" on American Bandstand.[28][29][30]

Ike & Tina Turner/Tina Turner versions

"Proud Mary"
Single by Ike & Tina Turner
from the album Workin' Together
B-side
Released8 January 1971[31]
Recorded1970
StudioBolic Sound (Inglewood, California)
Genre
Length5:00
3:15 (7" version)
LabelLiberty Records
Songwriter(s)John Fogerty
Producer(s)Ike Turner
Ike & Tina Turner singles chronology
"Workin' Together"
(1970) 		"Proud Mary"
(1971) 		"Ooh Poo Pah Doo"
(1971)
"Proud Mary"
Single by Tina Turner
from the album
What's Love Got to Do with It
B-side"Disco Inferno"
ReleasedNovember 19, 1993
Recorded1993
Genre
Length5:27
LabelParlophone
Songwriter(s)John Fogerty
Producer(s)
Tina Turner singles chronology
"Why Must We Wait Until Tonight"
(1993) 		"Proud Mary"
(1993) 		"GoldenEye"
(1995)

Ike & Tina Turner released "Proud Mary" on January 23, 1971 as the second single from their 1970 album Workin' Together.[32] Their rendition differs greatly from the structure of the original, but is also well-known and has become one of Tina Turner's most recognizable signature songs.

Ike wasn't keen on the original version, but the cover of "Proud Mary" by the Checkmates, Ltd. piqued his interest.[33] Ike and Tina's version was substantially rearranged by Ike Turner and Soko Richardson.[34][35] The song started off with a slow, sultry soulful tone in which Tina introduced the song and warned the audience that she and the band were gonna start it off "nice and easy" as "we never do nothing nice and easy" but said they would finish it "nice and rough". After the lyrics are first sung softly by the Turners, the song is then turned into a funk rock vamp with Tina and the Ikettes delivering gospel-influenced vocals.

The single peaked at #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on March 27, 1971, two years after the original by Creedence Clearwater Revival was at its peak. It also reached #5 on the Billboard R&B chart, and earned the duo a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group in 1972.[36]

Ike and Tina first performed a version of the song on Playboy After Dark on December 3, 1969; episode aired on February 3, 1970.[37] They also performed it on The Ed Sullivan Show on January 11, 1970, and on Soul Train on April 22, 1972.[38] The song became a staple in all of their live shows. Live versions of the song were released on the albums Live at Carnegie Hall — What You Hear Is What You Get (1971) and Live In Paris (1971).

In the Tina Turner biopic, What's Love Got to Do with It, the song is performed in a timeline of events in Ike and Tina's career in which the couple are transformed from an opening act to The Rolling Stones to a major headlining act in the 1970s.

The song continued to be an essential part of Tina's solo performances. In 1988, a live version was included on the album Tina Live in Europe. Tina later re-recorded the song in the studio for the biopic's 1993 soundtrack album of the same name. This track was released as a promotional single issued to radio stations and DJs. Tina's solo performance was later included on her 2004 greatest hits album All the Best. After a contestant's take on the song on The X Factor in 2010, it entered the UK Singles Chart at #62 and fell to #121 the next week; it also entered the Scottish Singles Chart at #40. Another live version was released in 2009 on the Tina Live album. It was recorded on March 21, 2009 in Arnhem, Netherlands as part of Turner's 50th Anniversary Tour. Tina also performed duets of "Proud Mary" with Beyoncé and Cher.

Formats and track listings

1971 US 7"

  1. Proud Mary – 3:15
  2. Funkier Than A Mosquito's Tweeter – 2:40

1993 US 7" and cassette single

  1. "Proud Mary (Edit Live Version) – 4:32
  2. "The Best" (Live) – 5:22

1993 US CD single

  1. "Proud Mary (Edit Live Version) – 4:32
  2. "Proud Mary (Edit) – 4:10
  3. "We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)" (Live) – 4:55
  4. "The Best" (Live) – 5:22

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Chart (1971) Peak
position
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[39] 16
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[40] 11
Germany (Official German Charts)[41] 21
Italy (Hit Parade Italia)[42] 57
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[43] 5
US Billboard Hot 100[44] 4
US Billboard Best Selling Soul Singles[44] 5

Year-end charts

Chart (1971) Rank
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[45] 96
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[46] 7
US Billboard Hot 100[47] 55

Tina Turner version

Chart (2010) Rank
Scotland (OCC)[48] 40
UK Singles (OCC)[49] 62

Certifications and sales

Ike & Tina Turner version

Region Certification Certified units/sales
United States (RIAA)[50] Gold 1,000,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[51] Silver 200,000‡

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Accolades

"Proud Mary" placed at #155 on Rolling Stone's 2004 list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[52] Both CCR and Ike & Tina Turner's versions of the song received Grammy Hall of Fame Awards, in 1998 and 2003, respectively.[53]

Other versions

"Proud Mary" has, over the years, been recorded by a number of artists. Anthony Armstrong Jones' 1969 version reached number 22 on the U.S. country charts. Also in 1969, a version recorded by the Checkmates, Ltd. and produced by Phil Spector reached number 30 on the U.K. Singles Chart and number 69 on the Billboard Hot 100.[54] In 1970, the song was recorded by Leonard Nimoy, in his album The New World of Leonard Nimoy.

Elvis Presley began incorporating "Proud Mary" into his live shows in 1970. Presley's version is a full-out rocker and is featured in his 1972 concert film Elvis on Tour, and on his live albums On Stage (1970) and As Recorded at Madison Square Garden (1972).

References

  1. ^ a b c Chronicle: The 20 Greatest Hits (CD booklet). Creedence Clearwater Revival. U.S.A.: Fantasy Records. 1991. FCD-CCR2-2. {{cite AV media notes}}: Unknown parameter |titlelink= ignored (|title-link= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  2. ^ a b Bordowitz, Hank. Bad moon rising: the unauthorized history of Creedence Clearwater Revival. Schirmer Books, 1998, p. 58
  3. ^ a b c d Selvin, Joel (2008). Bayou Country [Expanded Reissue] (PDF) (CD booklet). Creedence Clearwater Revival. U.S.A.: Concord Music Group. FAN-30877-02. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-21. {{cite AV media notes}}: Unknown parameter |titlelink= ignored (|title-link= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Hardeep Phull (2008). Story Behind the Protest Song: A Reference Guide to the 50 Songs that Changed the 20th Century. Greenwood Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-313-34141-0.
  5. ^ a b "Creedence Clearwater Revival – Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  6. ^ John Fogerty interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1970)
  7. ^ Michael Goldberg (1993). Jann S. Wenner (ed.). "Fortunate Son: John Fogerty – The 1993 Rolling Stone Interview". Rolling Stone. United States: Jann S. Wenner. Retrieved December 29, 2010.
  8. ^ Kitts, Thomas M. (2015). John Fogerty: An American Son, [unpaginated]. Routledge. ISBN 9781317961253.
  9. ^ Campbell, Michael and Brody, James (2007). Rock and Roll: An Introduction, second edition, p.237-8. Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781111794538
  10. ^ Fogerty, John (2015). Fortunate Son: My Life, My Music, [unpaginated]. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316244565.
  11. ^ "Creedence Clearwater Revival – Proud Mary" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
  12. ^ "RPM – Item Display: Top Singles – Volume 11, No. 3, March 17, 1969" (.Php). Library and Archives Canada. March 31, 2004.
  13. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Proud Mary". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  14. ^ "Top40: Creedence Clearwater Revival – Proud Mary". Dutch Top 40. November 10, 2004.
  15. ^ http://www.flavourofnz.co.nz/index.php?qpageID=search%20listener&qartistid=742#n_view_location Flavour of New Zealand, 13 June 1969
  16. ^ "Creedence Clearwater Revival – Proud Mary". VG-lista.
  17. ^ "SA Charts 1965 - 1989 Songs P-R". South African Rock Lists. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  18. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
  19. ^ "Go-Set Australian charts – Top Records for the Year of 1969". www.poparchives.com.au.
  20. ^ "Item Display – RPM – Library and Archives Canada". www.collectionscanada.gc.ca.
  21. ^ "Top 20 Hit Singles of 1969". Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  22. ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1969/Top 100 Songs of 1969". www.musicoutfitters.com.
  23. ^ John S. Wilson, "CAREER RESUMED BY TAMIKO JONES; Recent Polio Victim Presents Songs at Rainbow Grill", The New York Times (January 14, 1971):43; "Solomon Burke – Proud Mary"; "Tamiko Jones: The Collection (1963–1986)" (18 November 2009); "Original Soul Man Cared for Spiritual and Temporal Needs Right to the Grave", The Age (October 13, 2010). For more regarding Tamiko Jones, see "Tamiko Jones" Archived 2013-05-05 at archive.today
  24. ^ Cordell S. Thompson, "New York Beat", Jet (8 October 1970):63.
  25. ^ The Soul Clan Album & Song Chart History. Billboard.com (1968-07-27). Retrieved on 2011-04-07.
  26. ^ Mojo, Issues 158–161 (EMAP Performance Ltd., 2007).
  27. ^ Solomon Burke, in James Porter, "Songs of Solomon: Solomon Burke Interview", Roctober 33 (2002)
  28. ^ "Saturday on Eight", Lewiston Evening Journal (May 23, 1969):22
  29. ^ American Bandstand: The Guess Who / Solomon Burke Episode Summary on. Tv.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-07.
  30. ^ Watch American Bandstand Season 12 Episode 39|The Guess Who / Solomon Burke. SideReel. Retrieved on 2011-04-07.
  31. ^ https://www.45cat.com/record/56216us
  32. ^ "Spotlight Singles - Top 20 Pop Spotlight" (PDF). Billboard: 70. January 23, 1971.
  33. ^ Turner, Tina; Loder, Kurt (1986). I, Tina: My Life Story. New York: William Morrow and Company. ISBN 9780670808731.
  34. ^ Soko Richardson Archived 2007-10-06 at the Wayback Machine press release from pressnetwork.com January 30, 2004
  35. ^ Noted Soul Drummer Soko Richardson Dies[permanent dead link‍] Paiste Cymbals, February 2004
  36. ^ "1971 Grammy Champions" (PDF). Billboard: 6. March 25, 1972.
  37. ^ Runtagh, Jordan (September 28, 2017). "15 Electrifying Musical Performances from Hugh Hefner's Playboy After Dark". People.
  38. ^ The Best of Soul Train Live (booklet). Time Life. 2011.
  39. ^ "Ike & Tina Turner – Proud Mary" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  40. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 5223." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  41. ^ "Ike & Tina Turner – Top Titel" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  42. ^ "Indice per Interprete: T". Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  43. ^ "Ike & Tina Turner – Proud Mary" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  44. ^ a b "Ike & Tina Turner – Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  45. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1971" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  46. ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1971" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  47. ^ "The Year in Music: 1971" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1971. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  48. ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  49. ^ "Tina Turner: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  50. ^ "American single certifications – ike & Tina Turner – Proud Mary". Recording Industry Association of America.
  51. ^ id MUST BE PROVIDED for UK CERTIFICATION.
  52. ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. 2004-12-09. Archived from the original on 2008-06-22. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
  53. ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame". Grammy Awards. United States: National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
  54. ^ Checkmates, Ltd., "Proud Mary" U.S. chart position Retrieved January 26, 2016.
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