Jump to content

Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Skcpublic (talk | contribs) at 20:29, 30 November 2019 (adding category). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Syed Rizwan Farook
2013 driver's license
Born(1987-06-14)June 14, 1987
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedDecember 2, 2015(2015-12-02) (aged 28)
San Bernardino, California, U.S.
Cause of deathMultiple gunshots by police
EducationCalifornia State University, San Bernardino
Spouse
Tashfeen Malik
​
(m. 2014⁠–⁠2015)​
Children1 daughter (6 months old)(b. 2015)
Details
DateDecember 2, 2015 (2015-12-02)
10:59 am – c. 3:00 pm
Location(s)Inland Regional Center
Target(s)San Bernardino County employees attending a holiday event
Killed14 (together with Malik)
Injured22 (together with Malik)
Weapons
Tashfeen Malik
Born(1986-07-13)July 13, 1986
Karor Lal Esan, Pakistan
DiedDecember 2, 2015(2015-12-02) (aged 29)
San Bernardino, California, U.S.
Cause of deathMultiple gunshots by police
EducationBahauddin Zakariya University
Spouse
Syed Rizwan Farook
​
​
(m. 2014⁠–⁠2015)​
Children1 daughter (b. 2015)
Details
DateDecember 2, 2015 (2015-12-02)
10:59 am – c. 3:00 pm
Location(s)Inland Regional Center
Target(s)San Bernardino County employees attending a holiday event
Killed14 (together with Farook)
Injured22 (together with Farook)
Weapons

Syed Rizwan Farook (June 14, 1987[3] – December 2, 2015) and Tashfeen Malik[a] (July 13, 1986[4] – December 2, 2015) were the two perpetrators of a terrorist attack at the Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, on December 2, 2015. In the attack, they killed 14 people and injured 22 others.[5][6][7] Both were defeated in a shootout by law enforcement later that same day.[8][9][10]

Backgrounds

Rizwan Farook

Farook was born in Chicago, Illinois,[11][12][13] and was a U.S. citizen. His parents had immigrated from Pakistan.[14]

Personal life

According to sources, Farook had a "troubled childhood"[15] and grew up in an "abusive" home in which his father was often violent towards his mother.[16][17][18] Farook grew up in Riverside, California, and attended La Sierra High School, graduating in 2004, one year early.[19][20] He attended California State University, San Bernardino, and received a bachelor's degree in environmental health in either 2009 or 2010.[19][20][21] He was a student for one semester in 2014 at California State University, Fullerton in their graduate program for environmental engineering, but never completed the program.[19]

Farook had a profile on the dating website iMilap.com, in which he listed backyard target practice as a hobby. A lawyer for Farook's family also said that he would go to firing ranges by himself.[22]

Farook worked as a food inspector for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health for five years before the shooting.[23][24][25] From July to December 2010, he was a seasonal employee for the county. He was hired as an environmental health specialist trainee on January 28, 2012, and became a permanent employee on February 8, 2014.[19] Coworkers described Farook as quiet and polite, and said that he held no obvious grudges.[26] Two weeks before the attack, he reportedly tried to explain, during an office conversation, that Islam was a peaceful religion.[27][28]

Religious views and travels

According to family members and coworkers, Farook was a devout Sunni Muslim, and traveled to Saudi Arabia several times, including to complete the hajj in 2013.[14][29] Farook attended prayers at the Islamic Center of Riverside twice a day, in the mornings and the evenings, according to an interview in The New York Times with Mustafa H. Kuko, the Center's director. According to the Times, Farook stood out as especially devout and "kept a bit of a distance" from other congregants.[30] During that time, according to friends, he never discussed politics. Farook abruptly stopped going to the mosque in 2014 following his marriage.[31]

The Italian newspaper La Stampa reported that Farook's father said that his son "shared the ideology of Al Baghdadi to create an Islamic state" and that he was fixated with Israel.[32] A spokesperson for the Council on American–Islamic Relations (CAIR) later claimed the father did not recall making these statements about his son.[33]

Tashfeen Malik

Malik was born in Pakistan but lived most of her life in Saudi Arabia.[11][24][34] Her original hometown was Karor Lal Esan, 450 kilometres (280 mi) southwest of Islamabad, Pakistan.[35] Her landowning family was described as politically influential in the town.[36]

Studies in Multan

Malik returned to Pakistan to study pharmacology at Bahauddin Zakariya University in Multan, beginning the program in 2007 and graduating in 2012.[36][37][38] Saudi Interior Ministry spokesman Major General Mansour Al-Turki denied reports that Malik grew up in his country, saying that she only visited Saudi Arabia for a few weeks in 2008 and again in 2013.[39] The city of Multan has been linked to jihadist activity.[40]

While in Multan, Malik attended the local center of the Al-Huda International Seminary, a women-only religious academy network with seminaries across Pakistan and branches in the U.S. and Canada that was founded in 1994.[38][40][41] The school is aligned with the Wahhabi form of Sunni Islam.[41] According to school records, Malik enrolled in an eighteen-month Quranic studies course with Al-Huda on April 17, 2013, and left on May 3, 2014, telling administrators that she was leaving to get married. Malik expressed an interest in completing the course by correspondence, but never did so.[38]

According to experts, Al-Huda "draws much of its support from women from educated, relatively affluent backgrounds."[38] Faiza Mushtaq, a Pakistani scholar that studied the organization, said that "these Al-Huda classes are teaching these urban, educated, upper-middle-class women a very conservative interpretation of Islam that makes them very judgmental about others around them." According to the Los Angeles Times, Al-Huda seminaries promote anti-Western views and hard-line practices in a fashion that "could encourage some adherents to lash out against non-believers."[42] The New York Times reported that the institute "teaches a strict literalist interpretation of the Quran, although it does not advocate violent jihad."[43] An Al-Huda administrator from the head office in Islamabad said that terrorism "is against the teachings of Islam" and that the school's curriculum did not endorse violence.[42]

Marriage and entry into United States

According to one of Farook's coworkers, Malik and her husband married about a month after he traveled to Saudi Arabia in early 2014; the two had met over the Internet.[9][26] Malik joined Farook in California shortly after their wedding. A U.S. marriage certificate reported their marriage in Riverside on August 16, 2014.[44] At the time of her death, Malik and Farook had a six-month-old daughter.[25][45][46]

Malik entered the United States on a K-1 (fiancée) visa with a Pakistani passport.[14][29][47] According to a State Department spokesman, all applicants for such visas are fully screened.[48] Malik's application for permanent residency (a "green card") was completed by Farook on her behalf in September 2014, and she was granted a conditional green card in July 2015.[47] Obtaining such a green card would have required the couple to prove that the marriage was legitimate.[14][47] As is standard practice,[14][47] as part of her visa application with the State Department and application for a green card, Malik submitted her fingerprints and underwent "three extensive national security and criminal background screenings" using Homeland Security and State Department databases. Malik also underwent two in-person interviews, the first with a consular officer in Pakistan and the second with an immigration officer in the U.S. after applying for a green card.[43] No irregularities or signs of suspicion were found in the record of Malik's interview with the Pakistani consular officer.[49]

Malik reportedly had become very religious in the years before the attack, wearing both the niqab and burqa while urging others to do so as well.[50][51] Pakistani media reported that Malik had ties to the radical Red Mosque in Islamabad, but a cleric and a spokesman from the mosque vehemently denied these claims, saying that they had never heard of Malik before the shooting.[51][52] Malik's estranged relatives say that she had left the moderate Islam of her family and had become radicalized while living in Saudi Arabia.[52][53] Saudi Interior Ministry spokesman Al-Turki rejected this claim, stating that Saudi officials received no indication that Malik was radicalized while living there.[54]

Internet activities

On December 16, 2015, FBI Director James Comey said, "We can see from our investigation that in late 2013, before there is a physical meeting of these two people [Farook and Malik] resulting in their engagement and then journey to the United States, they are communicating online, showing signs in that communication of their joint commitment to jihadism and to martyrdom. Those communications are direct, private messages."[55][56]

Early reports had erroneously stated that Malik had openly expressed jihadist beliefs on social media, leading to calls for U.S. immigration officials to routinely review social media as part of background checks, which is not part of the current procedure.[43] Comey subsequently clarified that the remarks were "direct private messages" that were not publicly accessible and that "So far, in this investigation, we have found no evidence of posting on social media."[55]

Comey said that the FBI's investigation had revealed that Farook and Malik were "consuming poison on the Internet" and both had become radicalized "before they started courting or dating each other online" and "before the emergence of ISIL."[55][57] As a result, Comey said that "untangling the motivations of which particular terrorist propaganda motivated in what way remains a challenge in these investigations, and our work is ongoing there."[55]

Planning of the attack

In Senate Judiciary Committee testimony given on December 9, 2015, FBI Director James B. Comey said that the FBI investigation has shown that Farook and Malik were "homegrown violent extremists" who were "inspired by foreign terrorist organizations." Comey also said that Farook and Malik "were talking to each other about jihad and martyrdom," before their engagement and as early as the end of 2013.[58][59] They reportedly spent at least a year preparing for the attack, including taking target practice and making plans to take care of their child and Farook's mother.[60] Comey has said that although the investigation has shown that Farook and Malik were radicalized and possibly inspired by foreign terrorist organizations, there is no indication that the couple were directed by such a group or part of a broader cell or network.[37][61][62]

The FBI has said that there were "telephonic connections" between the couple and other people of interest in FBI probes.[63] Comey said that the case did not follow the typical pattern for mass shootings or terrorist attacks.[37] A senior U.S. law enforcement official said that Farook contacted "persons of interest" who were possibly tied to terrorism, although these contacts were not "substantial."[64] A senior federal official said that Farook had some contact with people from the Nusra Front, the official al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria,[65] and Shabaab of Somalia, but specifics were unclear.[37][66][67]

Weapons

The four guns used by the shooters. Released by the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department.

Farook and Malik used two .223-caliber semi-automatic rifles, two 9 mm caliber semi-automatic pistols, and an explosive device in the attack.[1][2][14] The rifles used were variants of the AR-15: one was a DPMS Panther Arms A15, the other was a Smith & Wesson M&P15.[14][68]

The two rifles were purchased by Enrique Marquez Jr.,[69][70] a next-door neighbor of Farook's until May 2015[71] who is related to him by marriage.[72] After their purchases, the rifles were illegally transferred to Farook. The two pistols were legally purchased by Farook from federally licensed firearms dealers in Corona, California in 2011 and 2012.[73][74][75] One of the handguns was a Llama Model XI-B and the other is a Springfield XD Bi-Tone.[2]

Tactical belt used by one of the shooters. Released by the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department.

The couple altered the guns: there was a failed attempt to modify the Smith & Wesson rifle to fire in fully automatic mode, they made a modification that defeated the ban on detachable magazines, and they used a detachable high-capacity magazine. California laws limit magazines to a maximum of ten rounds, and the magazine must be fixed by a recessed button mechanism to the rifle and require a tool such as a bullet, pen, or other implement to remove it, thereby creating a delay in the rate at which spent magazines can be replaced.[2][76] According to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, the modifications made the guns illegal assault weapons.[14] The couple also taped magazines together to make switching them out easier. They had a total of 2,363 rounds (1,879 for the rifles and 484 for the handguns) with them at the time of the shootout.[77]

The explosive device left at the Inland Regional Center comprised three explosive devices connected to one another. It was contained inside the backpack left by Farook during the departmental event. The devices were described as pipe bombs constructed with Christmas lights and tied together, combined with a remote controlled car that was switched on. The poorly constructed devices failed to explode.[12][78][79]

The large stockpile of weapons used by Farook and Malik led investigators to believe that they intended to carry out further attacks.[80] An examination of digital equipment recovered from their home suggested that the couple was in the final planning stages of a much larger attack.[81]

Shooting range video

After law enforcement sources confirmed that Farook spent time on November 29–30, 2015, at the Riverside Magnum Shooting Range, about 25 miles (40 km) away from the couple's Redlands home, the FBI obtained surveillance video from the range. During these visits, one lasting several hours, Farook shot an AR-15 and a pistol, which he had brought to the range.[82] One of the paper torso silhouette targets used in the video was later recovered from the couple's SUV following their deaths.[83]

Bank transaction

Two weeks before the shooting, Farook took out a loan of US$28,500 which was deposited in his bank account. The San Francisco-based online lender Prosper Marketplace made the loan to Farook; Prosper evaluates borrowers and the loans are originated by a third-party bank, the Salt Lake City-based WebBank.com.[84][85] On or about November 20, 2015, Farook withdrew US$10,000 in cash, and later on two US$5,000 transfers were made to what appears to be Farook's mother's bank account. Investigators were exploring the possibility that the US$10,000 was used to reimburse someone for the purchase of the rifles used in the shooting.[84] WebBank said that it was fully cooperating with the investigation.[86]

Terrorist attack

Main article: 2015 San Bernardino attack

On the morning of the December 2 attack, Farook and Malik left their six-month-old daughter with Farook's mother at their Redlands home, telling her that they were going to a doctor's appointment.[11][87] Farook then attended a departmental event at the banquet room of the Inland Regional Center.[88][89] The event began as a semi-annual all-staff meeting and training event, and was in the process of transitioning into a department holiday party/luncheon when the shooting began.[88][90]

Farook arrived at the departmental event at about 8:30 am and left midway through it at around 10:30 am, leaving a backpack containing explosives atop a table.[91] Coworkers reported that Farook had been quiet for the duration of the event.[26][88] He posed for photos with other coworkers.[29][92][93]

At 10:59 am PST, Farook and Malik armed themselves and opened fire on those in attendance.[73][94][95][96] During the attack, they wore ski masks and black tactical gear.[90][97] The entire shooting took less than four minutes,[88] and Farook and Malik fired between 65 and 75 bullets. The couple departed the scene before police arrived.[96] The explosive devices placed by Farook were later detonated by a bomb squad.[1][98]

The attack was the second-deadliest mass shooting in California after the 1984 San Ysidro McDonald's massacre. It was also the deadliest mass shooting in the U.S. since the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting,[99][100] and the deadliest terrorist attack to occur in the U.S. since the September 11 attacks,[101] until both categories were surpassed by the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting six months later.[102][103][104][105][106] Malik was one of a small number of female mass shooters in the U.S.; women constituted only 3.75 percent of active shooters in the U.S. from 2000 to 2013.[107][108][109][110]

Deaths

After the attack, a witness recognized Farook and identified him to police.[90][94][111] When officers responded to Farook and Malik's Redlands home, both fled in a sports utility vehicle (SUV), resulting in a police pursuit.[1][8][98][112] At least one fake explosive was thrown at the police during the chase.[1][98]

The chase ended in a suburban neighborhood about 1.7 miles (2.7 km) away from the scene of the initial attack. There, Farook and Malik exchanged gunfire with officers.[8] The gunfire lasted for around five minutes before both Farook and Malik were killed by police bullets.[8][9][10] Farook died from 26 gunshot wounds, sustained mostly in the legs and including one in the chin where the bullet fragmented into his neck. Malik died from fifteen gunshot wounds, thirteen to the body and two to the head.[77]

Aftermath

After Farook and Malik's corpses were released by law enforcement, local Islamic cemeteries refused to accept the remains. It took a week to find a willing cemetery, and the burial ultimately took place in Rosamond, California.[113] According to two members of the mosque, many of the city's Muslim community refused to attend the funeral on December 15, 2015, which was attended by around ten mourners including relatives of Farook.[114]

Farook and Malik's corpses were buried per traditional Muslim rituals at an Islamic cemetery, according to Reuters.[115]

In one Arabic-language online radio broadcast, ISIL described Farook and Malik as "supporters" following the attack. During the police investigation into the attack, The New York Times reported that this language indicated "a less direct connection" between the shooters and the terrorist group.[116][117] In a December 5, 2015, English-language broadcast on its Bayan radio station, ISIL referred to Farook and Malik as "soldiers of the caliphate," which is a phrase ISIL uses to denote members of the terrorist organization. The New York Times reported that it was unclear why the two versions differed.[116]

On February 9, 2016, the FBI announced that it was unable to unlock one of the mobile phones they had recovered from Farook and Malik's home because of the phone's advanced security features. The phone was an iPhone 5C owned by the county and issued to Farook during his employment with them.[118][119] When asked by the FBI to create a new version of the phone's iOS operating system that could be installed and run in the phone's random access memory to disable certain security features, Apple Inc. declined due to its policy to never undermine the security features of its products. The FBI responded by successfully applying to a United States magistrate judge to issue a court order under the All Writs Act of 1789, mandating Apple to create and provide the requested software.[120][121] Citing security risks posed towards their customers as a result of such software, Apple announced their intent to oppose the order, resulting in a dispute between the company and the FBI.[122] The dispute eventually ended on March 28, 2016, when the U.S. Department of Justice announced that it had unlocked the iPhone.[123]

The San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department released autopsies for the 14 victims on May 27, 2016.[124] More than three years after the attack however, autopsy reports for Farook and Malik had yet to be made public. The department responded to an April 12, 2017 Public Records Act request stating, "Currently, the autopsy reports and coroner investigations, and all other law enforcement records pertaining to the death of Syed R. Farook and Tashfeen Malik, are part of an 'investigatory file,' and are exempt from disclosure."[125]

On May 31, 2016, federal prosecutors filed a lawsuit against Farook's family. This lawsuit would allow them to seize both the proceeds of two life insurance policies (and the policies themselves) held by Farook, both of which listed Farook's mother as the beneficiary. One policy worth US$25,000 was taken out by Farook in 2012 when he started working for the county, while the other, worth US$250,000, was taken out the following year. According to NBC News, "Under federal law, assets derived from terrorism are subject to forfeiture. A federal judge must approve an application before the government can seize the money."[18][126][127] In the six-page lawsuit, the life insurance company claimed that Farook's mother was aware of her son's intentions to carry out the attack, and reasoned that she should not be entitled to the benefits as a result.[128] On September 2, 2016, government officials said they wanted to give the money to the victims' families.[129]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Tashfeen Malik (Template:Lang-ur / Hindustani pronunciation: [tɑːʃfiːn məlɪk])

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Blankstein, Andrew; Jamieson, Alastair (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino Shooters Used Four Guns, Explosive Device: ATF". NBC News.
  2. ^ a b c d Jones, Ashby; Frosch, Dan (December 3, 2015). "Rifles Used in San Bernardino Shooting Illegal Under State Law: Weapons were legally purchased with magazine locking devices but altered to make them more powerful, ATF finds". The Wall Street Journal.
  3. ^ "FBI: Investigating Calif massacre as 'act of terrorism'". CNBC. December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
  4. ^ St. Claire, Pat; Botelho, Greg; Ellis, Ralph (December 6, 2015). "Tashfeen Malik, the San Bernardino shooter: Who was she?". CNN. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
  5. ^ "San Bernardino Shooting: 22nd injured victim steps forward, FBI says". The Press Enterprise. December 10, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  6. ^ Rosenfeld, Everette. "Upwards of 14 people dead in San Bernardino mass shooting: Police department chief". CNBC. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  7. ^ Myers, Amanda. "14 dead, more than a dozen wounded in California shooting". Associated Press. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d "14 people killed in shooting at Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino". ABC7 Los Angeles. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  9. ^ a b c "Suspects in San Bernardino mass shooting identified as Syed Farook and Tashfeen Malik". ABC7. December 3, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  10. ^ a b Lah, Kyung; Kravarik, Jason (February 12, 2016). "Gunfire, a text and a tear: A hero behind the San Bernardino shootout". CNN. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  11. ^ a b c Turkewitz, Julie; Mueller, Benjamin (December 3, 2015). "Couple Kept Tight Lid on Plans for San Bernardino Shooting". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  12. ^ a b "Suspects in California Massacre Could Have Terror Links". NBC News. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  13. ^ Blood, Michael R.; Tucker, Eric (December 4, 2015). "Records: Suspect in deadly shooting had troubled upbringing". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Medina, Jennifer; Pérez-Peña, Richard; Schmidt, Michael S.; Goodstein, Laurie (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino Suspects Left Trail of Clues, but No Clear Motive". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  15. ^ Glum, Julia (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino Suspect Syed Farook's Troubled Childhood: Father Was Alcoholic, Mother Alleged Domestic Abuse In Court Papers". International Business Times.
  16. ^ McShane, Larry (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino shooter Syed Farook grew up in abusive home and witnessed father attack mother: court records". Daily News. New York.
  17. ^ Hamilton, Matt (December 2, 2015). "San Bernardino shooting suspect endured turbulent home life, according to court documents". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  18. ^ a b Serna, Joseph; Parvini, Sarah; Hamilton, Matt; Knoll, Corina (May 31, 2016). "Should a terrorist's family collect insurance money after he killed 14 people in the San Bernardino attack?". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  19. ^ a b c d "What is known so far about Syed Farook and Tashfeen Malik, the San Bernardino shooting suspects". Orange County Register. December 3, 2015.
  20. ^ a b O'Neill, Patrick (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino Shooting: Suspect graduated CSUSB". The Press-Enterprise.
  21. ^ Wang, Yanan (December 3, 2015). "Authorities pick through suspects' path: Marriage, baby and then bloodshed". The Washington Post.
  22. ^ "Who were Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik?". CNN. December 3, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
  23. ^ "San Bernardino Shooting: Two Suspects Dead After Gun Battle". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  24. ^ a b "San Bernardino shooting live updates: Syed Farook named as a suspect in attack that killed 14". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  25. ^ a b Ahmed, Saaed (December 3, 2015). "Mass shooting at Inland Regional Center: What we know". CNN. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  26. ^ a b c "San Bernardino shooting suspect traveled to Saudi Arabia, was married, appeared to be living 'American Dream,' co-workers say". Los Angeles Times. December 2, 2015.
  27. ^ Saletan, William (December 4, 2015). "At War With an Idea: What if the freedom to bear arms is also the freedom to be a jihadi?". Slate.
  28. ^ Rocha, Veronica (December 4, 2015). "San Bernardino victim was upfront about politics and religion – with Farook too". Los Angeles Times.
  29. ^ a b c Botelho, Greg; Lah, Kyung; Brumfield, Ben (December 3, 2015). "Officials: San Bernardino shooter appears radicalized". CNN.
  30. ^ Nagourney, Adam (December 3, 2015). "Couple Kept Tight Lid on Plans for San Bernardino Shooting". The New York Times. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  31. ^ Thomas, Dexter (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino shooting suspect stopped attending mosque two years ago". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
  32. ^ "San Bernardino suspect was obsessed with Israel, father says". CBS News. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  33. ^ "San Bernardino attacker was 'normal guy' while practicing at shooting range". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
  34. ^ Zahra-Malik, Mehreen (December 4, 2015). "Exclusive: Investigators piece together portrait of Pakistani woman in shooting massacre". Reuters. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  35. ^ "Family members say Tashfeen Malik became more religious in years prior to massacre". Fox News Channel. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  36. ^ a b Sahi, Aoun (December 6, 2015). "San Bernardino assailant attended Islamic institute in Pakistan". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
  37. ^ a b c d "FBI: No evidence San Bernardino killers were part of a cell". USA Today. December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  38. ^ a b c d Masood, Salman; Walsh, Declan (December 7, 2015). "Tashfeen Malik Attended Conservative Religious School in Pakistan". The New York Times.
  39. ^ Onyanga-Omara, Jane; Bacon, John (December 6, 2015). "Aunt: San Bernardino suspect 'became more devout'". USA Today. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  40. ^ a b "Female San Bernardino suspect went to religious school". USA Today. December 7, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
  41. ^ a b Craig, Tim (December 9, 2015). "Pakistan is focus in hunt". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  42. ^ a b Sahi, Aoun; Bengali, Shashank. "School that taught San Bernardino assailant is known for anti-Western, fundamentalist views". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
  43. ^ a b c Apuzzo, Matt; Schmidt, Michael S.; Preston, Julia (December 13, 2015). "U.S. Visa Process Missed San Bernardino Wife's Zealotry on Social Media". The New York Times.
  44. ^ "Investigators probe whether wife radicalized husband before San Bernardino massacre". Fox News Channel. December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
  45. ^ "California shooting: CAIR claims female assailant was from Pakistan". The Nation. December 3, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  46. ^ "California killing: Female assailant was from Pakistan, CAIR claims". Reuters. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  47. ^ a b c d Preston, Julia (December 3, 2015). "From Fiancé Visa to Green Card". The New York Times.
  48. ^ "U.S. authorities look for militant links to shooters in California mass slaying". Reuters. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  49. ^ De Atley, Richard K. (January 7, 2016). "SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: No irregularities in Malik visa interview, report says". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  50. ^ Blood, Michael R.; Abdollah, Tami (December 5, 2015). "Who Was Tashfeen Malik?". KAAL. Associated Press.
  51. ^ a b Bruton, F. Brinley (December 6, 2015). "Tashfeen Malik, Mom in California Rampage, Became Very Devout: Report". NBC News.
  52. ^ a b "Pakistani in California shooting became hardline in S. Arabia — relatives". Reuters. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  53. ^ "San Bernardino shooter Tashfeen Malik grew hardline in Saudi Arabia, family says". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Associated Press. December 6, 2015.
  54. ^ "The Latest: Muslims at memorial service express grief, fear". Associated Press. December 6, 2015.
  55. ^ a b c d Baker, Al; Santora, Marc (December 16, 2015). "San Bernardino Attackers Discussed Jihad in Private Messages, F.B.I. Says". The New York Times.
  56. ^ Lewis, Paul (December 16, 2015). "San Bernardino attackers did not post about jihad on social media, FBI says". The Guardian.
  57. ^ Martinez, Michael; Shoichet, Catherine E.; Brown, Pamela (December 9, 2015). "San Bernardino shooting: Couple radicalized before they met, FBI says". CNN.
  58. ^ Williams, Pete; Abdullah, Halimah (December 9, 2015). "FBI: San Bernardino Shooters Radicalized Before They Met". NBC News.
  59. ^ Goldman, Adam; Berman, Mark. "San Bernardino Attackers Talked 'About Jihad and Martyrdom' in 2013". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  60. ^ Blankstein, Andrew; Windrem, Robert; Williams, Pete; Esposito, Richard; Rappleye, Hannah (December 8, 2015). "San Bernardino Shooters Practiced for Attack a Year in Advance". NBC News. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
  61. ^ Zoroya, Gregg. "ISIL radio: Two supporters carried out San Bernardino massacre". USA Today. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  62. ^ "FBI: No evidence San Bernardino killers were part of a cell". USA Today. December 4, 2015.
  63. ^ "San Bernardino shootings investigated as terrorism – FBI". BBC News. December 4, 2015.
  64. ^ Ryan, Missy; Berman, Mark; Achenbach, Joel (December 3, 2015). "Arsenal of explosives, ammunition found at home of San Bernardino attackers as FBI seeks motive". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  65. ^ "Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest". Al-Ahram Weekly. May 28, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  66. ^ "FBI investigating California massacre as 'act of terrorism'". Reuters. December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  67. ^ Serrano, Richard A.; Bennett, Brian; Dolan, Jack; Karlamangla, Soumya (December 4, 2015). "San Bernardino massacre probed as terrorism, FBI says". Los Angeles Times.
  68. ^ "The Latest: Justice Department Offers Help in Shooting Probe". ABC News. Associated Press. December 3, 2015. Archived from the original on December 3, 2015.
  69. ^ "Criminal complaint in United States of America v. Enrique Marquez, Jr., 5:15-mj-498". United States District Court for the Central District of California. December 17, 2015.
  70. ^ "California Man Charged with Conspiring to Provide Material Support to Terrorism and Being 'Straw Purchaser' of Assault Rifles Ultimately Used in San Bernardino, California, Attack" (Press release). US Department of Justice. December 17, 2015.
  71. ^ Serrano, Richard (December 17, 2015). "San Bernardino shooter's friend Enrique Marquez charged with aiding plot". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
  72. ^ Mather, Kate; Hamilton, Matt; Serrano, Richard A.; Dolan, Jack (December 10, 2015). "Enrique Marquez, who bought rifles used in San Bernardino attack, had deep ties to gunman". Los Angeles Times.
  73. ^ a b "Guns used in San Bernardino shooting were purchased legally from dealers". The Washington Post. December 3, 2015.
  74. ^ Frosch, Dan; Elinson, Zusha; Palazzolo, Joe (December 5, 2015). "FBI Searches Home of Man Linked to Guns Used in San Bernardino Shooting". The Wall Street Journal.
  75. ^ Hauser, Christine (December 4, 2015). "The Investigation So Far: What We Know, What We Do Not Know". The New York Times.
  76. ^ "Why California's Strict Gun Laws Didn't Matter In San Bernardino". The Huffington Post. December 3, 2015.
  77. ^ a b "Bringing Calm to Chaos". Police Foundation. September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  78. ^ "AP sources: Bomb in San Bernardino attack was poorly built". Newsday. Associated Press. January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
  79. ^ Chan, Melissa (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino Suspects Left Behind Failed Remote-Controlled Bomb". Time.
  80. ^ Hosenball, Mark; Bartz, Diane (December 6, 2015). "California shooters likely planned multiple attacks — official". Reuters.
  81. ^ Serrano, Richard A.; Winton, Richard; Parvini, Sarah; Queally, James (December 10, 2015). "San Bernardino shooters planned bigger attack, investigators believe". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  82. ^ "Dry run: San Bernardino shooter practiced at gun range days before attack". Fox News Channel. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
  83. ^ Christie, Megan; Schwartz, Rhonda; Margolin, Josh; Ross, Brian (December 1, 2016). "Christmas Party May Have Triggered San Bernardino Terror Attack: Police". ABC News. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  84. ^ a b Herridge, Catherine; Browne, Pamela (December 8, 2015). "Bank records show $28,500 deposit to Syed Farook's account two weeks before the shooting, source says". Fox News Channel.
  85. ^ Hosenball, Mark; Erman, Michael (December 8, 2015). "FBI looking into $28,500 deposit in California shooters' account: source". Reuters.
  86. ^ Winton, Richard; Serrano, Richard A.; Knoll, Corina. "San Bernardino shooting: Attackers may have left bomb behind to kill police". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
  87. ^ Lewis, Paul (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino shooting: what we know about the suspects". The Guardian.
  88. ^ a b c d Saslow, Eli; McCrummen, Stephanie (December 3, 2015). "'Where's Syed?': How the San Bernardino shooting unfolded". The Washington Post.
  89. ^ Berman, Mark (December 2, 2015). "Active shooter reported in San Bernardino, Calif.; authorities say multiple suspects, victims". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  90. ^ a b c Lin II, Rong-Gong; Winton, Richard (December 4, 2015). "San Bernardino suspects 'sprayed the room with bullets,' police chief says". Los Angeles Times.
  91. ^ Nelson, Joe (May 27, 2016). "SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Autopsy reports released for Dec. 2 victims (UPDATE 2)". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
  92. ^ Whitcomb, Dan (January 5, 2016). "Public asked to help close 18-minute gap in San Bernardino probe". Yahoo! News. Reuters. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  93. ^ KPCC Staff (December 2, 2015). "San Bernardino shooting update: 2 suspects ID'd as Syed Farook and Tashfeen Malik". KPCC. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  94. ^ a b Hauser, Christine (December 3, 2015). "Police: 21 Wounded, 12 Pipe Bombs Discovered". The New York Times.
  95. ^ "Two Suspects Dead, Including a Woman". The New York Times. December 2, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  96. ^ a b Daly, Michael (December 4, 2015). "San Bernardino: The Most Twisted Terrorist Plot Yet". The Daily Beast. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  97. ^ Domonoske, Camila (December 5, 2015). "San Bernardino Shootings: What We Know, One Day After". NPR.
  98. ^ a b c Myers, Amanda Lee; Pritchard, Justin (December 2, 2015). "14 dead, 17 wounded in California shooting; 2 suspects dead". U-T San Diego. Associated Press.
  99. ^ Schuppe, Jon; Chuck, Elizabeth; Kwong, Helen (December 2, 2015). "San Bernardino Shooting is Deadliest Since Newtown". NBC News.
  100. ^ "San Bernardino shootings investigated as terrorism – FBI". BBC News. December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  101. ^ Chang, Cindy (December 26, 2015). "San Bernardino shootings cast a somber tone over Muslim conference in Chino". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  102. ^ Lyons, Kate (June 12, 2016). "Orlando Pulse club attack: gunman behind shooting that killed 50 'named as Omar Mateen'". The Guardian. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  103. ^ Beckett, Lois (June 12, 2016). "Orlando nightclub attack is deadliest US mass shooting in modern history". The Guardian. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  104. ^ Fantz, Ashley; Karimi, Faith; McLaughlin, Eliott C. (June 12, 2016). "Police: 50 killed in Florida nightclub terror attack". CNN. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  105. ^ "Gunman's 'terror attack' on gay nightclub leaves 50 dead". The Independent. June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  106. ^ Kelly, Erin. "Trump, Clinton, congressional leaders react to Orlando shooting". ABC 13 News Now. USA Today. Retrieved June 12, 2016. House Homeland Security Chairman Michael McCaul, R-Texas, said "this appears to be the worst terrorist attack on American soil since 9/11."
  107. ^ Keneally, Meghan (December 3, 2015). "San Bernardino Shooter Tashfeen Malik Joins Small Group of Female Mass Murderers". ABC News.
  108. ^ Smith, Stephen (December 3, 2015). "A rarity in U.S., female attackers nothing new abroad". CBS News.
  109. ^ Paquette, Danielle (December 3, 2015). "Tashfeen Malik and the American women who became mass shooters". The Washington Post.
  110. ^ "A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013". FBI. September 16, 2013.
  111. ^ "SUV in San Bernardino shooting had Utah tags, was rented in California". Salt Lake City: Fox 13. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  112. ^ Hurt, Suzanne (May 27, 2016). "SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Horror of Dec. 2 attack remains with rescuers". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
  113. ^ Kuzj, Steve; Hawkins, Kirk; Chambers, Rick (December 17, 2015). "Enrique Marquez Charged With Conspiring With San Bernardino Shooter in 2011, 2012". KTLA. CNN Wire. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  114. ^ Abutaleb, Yasmeen (December 15, 2015). "Corrected – San Bernardino shooters buried in quiet funeral following Islamic rituals". Reuters. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
  115. ^ Abutaleb, Yasmeen (December 17, 2015). "Exclusive: San Bernardino shooters buried in quiet funeral following Islamic rituals". Reuters. Retrieved August 9, 2016. The funeral followed traditional Islamic rituals, said an attendee. At a Muslim cemetery hours away from San Bernardino, the bodies were cleansed according to Islamic rules.
  116. ^ a b Callimachi, Rukmini (December 5, 2015). "Islamic State Says 'Soldiers of Caliphate' Attacked in San Bernardino". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  117. ^ "FBI probes ISIS, terror links to San Bernardino massacre". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  118. ^ Volz, Dustin; Hosenball, Mark (February 9, 2016). "FBI director says investigators unable to unlock San Bernardino shooter's phone content". Reuters. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  119. ^ Abdollah, Tami; Tucker, Eric (February 16, 2016). "SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Apple must help US hack killer's phone". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  120. ^ Blankstein, Andrew (February 16, 2016). "Judge Forces Apple to Help Unlock San Bernardino Shooter iPhone". NBC News. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
  121. ^ Chesney, Robert M. (February 17, 2016). "Apple vs FBI: The Going Dark Dispute Moves from Congress to the Courtroom". Lawfare. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
  122. ^ Perez, Evan; Hume, Tim (February 17, 2016). "Apple opposes judge's order to hack San Bernardino shooter's iPhone". CNN. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  123. ^ Dale, Jack; Levine, Mike; Newcomb, Alyssa (March 28, 2016). "Justice Department Withdraws Request in Apple iPhone Encryption Case After FBI Accesses San Bernardino Shooter's Phone". ABC News. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  124. ^ Nelson, Joe (May 27, 2016). "SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Autopsy reports released for Dec. 2 victims (UPDATE 2)". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
  125. ^ "Re: Public Records Act request – Autopsy Report for S. Farook & T. Malik" (PDF). AM 670 KLTT online at KGOV. Denver, Colorado. April 24, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
  126. ^ Blankstein, Andrew; Chuck, Elizabeth (June 1, 2016). "Feds File Suit Against Family of San Bernardino Shooter to Seize Life Insurance Policies". NBC News. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  127. ^ "Feds file suit to seize San Bernardino shooter's life insurance". CBS News. Associated Press. May 31, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  128. ^ Nelson, Joe (June 9, 2016). "SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Lawsuit reveals quandary over shooter's life insurance benefits". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  129. ^ McMillan, Rob (September 2, 2016). "Government Wants Money From Life Insurance Policies of San Bernardino Terror Shooter Given to Families' Victims". KABC-TV. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rizwan_Farook_and_Tashfeen_Malik&oldid=928659214"