Ystradgynlais
| Ystradgynlais | |
|---|---|
 HSBC Bank on Heol Eglwys, 2008 | |
  Ystradgynlais Location within Powys | |
| Population | 8,092 (2011)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SN793106 |
| Community |
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| Principal area | |
| Preserved county |
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| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Swansea |
| Postcode district | SA9 |
| Dialling code | 01639 |
| Police | Dyfed-Powys |
| Fire | Mid and West Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| UK Parliament | |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament | |
Ystradgynlais (Welsh: [ˌəstradˈɡənlais], English: /ˌʌstrədˈɡʌnlaɪs/)[2] is a town on the banks of the River Tawe in southwest Powys, Wales, and is the second largest in the principal area and county of Powys. It is in the historic county of Brecknockshire.
History
The place-name Ystradgynlais, meaning 'vale of the river Cynlais' - Cynlais may be a personal name, or derive from cyn ('chisel') and glais ('stream') - is first recorded in 1372.[3] In the 1600s there were only a couple of houses by the church and a pub (now the rectory). In 1801 there were only 993 residents in the town living in only 196 houses. The first documented written evidence of iron working in the area was at Ynyscedwyn and is of a deed of release dated 1729. By 1750 there were seven furnaces in south Wales, one of which was at Ynyscedwyn.
The first written evidence of coal workings in the area was in 1780 in Wauclawdd. Most of the coal dug up in the area was sent to the blast furnaces of the iron works. By 1790 the full extent of the mineral resources in the valley were better known and it was realised that to exploit these to the full, improved transport would be essential.
The greatest increase in population was from 1821-41 which coincides with the coming of George Crane and the development of the Ynyscedwyn Ironworks. By 1870 however the area's industrial development was in decline due to various economic factors. Although coal mining carried on in the area a few light industries have replaced the heavy industries.
Culture
Ystradgynlais is one of the few areas within Brecknockshire which has a high proportion of Welsh-speakers; indeed, according to the 2001 census, over half of all the Welsh-speakers within Brecknock district live in Ystradgynlais itself.
Ystradgynlais hosted the 1954 National Eisteddfod, an annual Welsh festival of literature, dance, and music. The century-old award-winning Ystradgynlais Public Band competed in the 2005 National Eisteddfod.[4]
Ystradgynlais's Parc-yr-Orsedd has a monument to the fallen heroes of both World Wars from Ystradgynlais, Abercrave, Cwmtwrch, Cwmgiedd, Glyntawe and Coelbren.
Dan yr Ogof caves are a short journey from the town centre, passing Craig-y-Nos Castle and country park. The caves are reputed to have once been the hideout of folk figure Twm Siôn Cati.[5] Henrhyd Falls are also nearby.
Ysgol Maesydderwen. Ystradgynlais is also home to the Miners Welfare Hall, known and promoted as 'The Welfare', which plays host to a cinema. It also has a number of public houses.
In 2016 The Stephen Lewis Tristars Aquathlon in Ystradgynlais won the Welsh triathlon event of the Year 2016
Transport
National Cycle Route 43 passes by the southern edge of the town on the line of the former Swansea Vale Railway which linked Swansea via the Neath and Brecon Railway at Coelbren with Brecon. Ystradgynlais railway station was operational from 1869 to 1923.
The A4067 road formerly ran through the town but was diverted in the 1970s onto a bypass route which largely follows the line of the former Swansea Canal.[6]
Notable people
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The Archibishop of Canterbury from 2002–12, Rowan Williams, grew up in Ystradgynlais and Calvinistic Methodist minister Thomas Levi was also born in the town. Politician Caerwyn Roderick and prison reform campaigner Ben Gunn both grew up in the town.[7]
Ystradgynlais has produced a number of Wales international rugby players, including William Lewis Thomas, Huw David Richards, Anthony Buchanan, Steve Bayliss, and Kevin Hopkins. The Polish painter Josef Herman (1911–2000), spent 11 years living and painting in Ystradgynlais.[8] Artists who grew up in the town include opera singer Adelina Patti, composer Daniel Protheroe, novelist Menna Gallie, and actors Steve Meo and Eve Myles.
Former president of the Royal Society of Chemistry, John Howard Purnell, was originally from the town, along with physicians Tudor Thomas and Julian Hopkin, and academic Goronwy Daniel.
Sport
The town is the home of Ystradgynlais F.C. and Ystradgynlais RFC. Ystradgynlais RFC was established in 1890; they hold a fierce rivalry with Ystalyfera RFC and Abercrave RFC.
Watchmaking
In 1946, Smiths Industries Ltd, Ingersoll Ltd and Vickers Armstrong founded the Anglo-Celtic Watch Co. Ltd., which produced watches on the Ynyscedwyn estate on the outskirts of Ystradgynlais. The factory was officially opened by Hugh Dalton on 15 March 1947. Vickers Armstrong sold their shares to the other two companies in 1948. The Anglo-Celtic Watch Co. became one of the largest producers of watches in Europe, producing up to 1.25 million watches a year,[9] before closing in 1980.[10]
References
- ^ "Community population 2011". Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. 3rd Ed.
- ^ Wyn Owen, Hywel; Richard Morgan (2007). Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales. Llandysul: Gomer Press. p. 504.
- ^ "National Eisteddfod of Wales - National Eisteddfod". www.eisteddfod.org.uk. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ^ Ash, Russell (1973). Folklore, Myths and Legends of Britain. Reader's Digest Association Limited. p. 409. ISBN 9780340165973.
- ^ "Victorian Ystradgynlais - the Swansea Canal". history.powys.org.uk. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ^ Hughes, Brendan (28 October 2012). "The childhood killer on falling in love with his prison teacher - Wales Online". Wales Online. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ "Sonia Williams". Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ^ Time, Time and Time Again. Author: Geoffrey Evans. Published by: Quinto Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905960-07-1
- ^ "Anglo-Celtic Watch Co. Ltd. 1". history.powys.org.uk. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
External links
- www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Ystradgynlais and surrounding area
- History of Palleg manor, Ystradgynlais
- History of Ystradgynlais and district
- Memorial pages to the local dead of the World Wars with a cemetery and memorial index
