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Jaime Jaramillo Arango

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Jaime Jaramillo Arango
1st Colombia Ambassador to the United Kingdom
In office
1943 – December 9, 1945
MonarchGeorge VI
PresidentAlfonso López Pumarejo
Prime MinisterWinston Churchill
Preceded byOffice created
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to the United Kingdom
In office
September 4, 1940 – 1943
MonarchGeorge VI
PresidentEduardo Santos Montejo (1940-1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1943)
Prime MinisterWinston Churchill
Succeeded byEmbassy created
Permanent Delegate of Colombia to the League of Nations
In office
1939–1940
PresidentEduardo Santos Montejo
Permanent Delegate of Colombia to UNESCO
In office
November 1, 1945 – December 9, 1945
PresidentAlfonso López Pumarejo
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to Germany
In office
June 1938 – December 1938
PresidentAlfonso López Pumarejo (Jun.-Aug.)
Eduardo Santos Montejo (Aug.-Dec.)
Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to Denmark
In office
1938–1945
MonarchChristian X
PresidentEduardo Santos Montejo (1938-1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1942-1945)
Prime Minister
See list
Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to the Governments-in-exile of Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway and Poland, based in London
In office
1940–1945
PresidentEduardo Santos Montejo (1940-1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1942-1945)
6th Minister of National Education of Colombia
In office
May 29, 1934 – August 6, 1934
PresidentEnrique Olaya Herrera
Rector of the National University of Colombia
In office
1949–1950
Senator of Colombia
In office
1951–1955
Personal details
Born(1897-01-17)17 January 1897
Manizales,Colombia
Died30 July 1962(1962-07-30) (aged 65)
Bogotá, Colombia
Political partyConservative
Spouses
Carolina Cárdenas Núñez
​
​
(m. 1932)​
María José Nemry von Thenen
​
​
(m. 1948)​
Parent(s)Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo
María de los Dolores Arango Isaza
RelativesConsuelo Salgar (niece)
Virginia Vallejo (niece granddaughter)
Alma materNational University of Colombia
OccupationProfessor, politician, author, diplomat, surgeon
ProfessionMedicine, Surgery

Jaime Jaramillo Arango (January 17, 1897 – July 30, 1962) was a Colombian professor of medicine and surgery, author, diplomat, and politician.[1] He was dean of medicine of the National University of Colombia and director of the same institution, pioneer of modern medicine, Minister Plenipotenciary in the Colombian foreign policy during the mid 20th century, Minister of education, and founder of the Anglo Colombian School.[2][3]

Professor Jaramillo Arango wrote several books of medicine and botany. The most important was “The British Contribution to Medicine” that studied the investigations and discoveries of several Nobel laureates: penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming; malaria, by Ronald Ross; paludrine, by F. H. Curd, D. G. Davey, and F. L. Rose; vitamins, by Gowland Hopkins; and stilboestrol, by Robert Robinson and Charles Dodds. The foreword of Jaramillo’s book was written by Arthur MacNalty, British Chief Medical Officer of the British government.[4]

Jaramillo Arango became the Permanent Delegate of Colombia to the League of Nations, and Permanent Delegate of Colombia to the First Assembly of the UNESCO in London, in November 1945, where he proposed the creation the United Nations University.[5]

Family

Jaime Jaramillo Arango was born on January 17 of 1897, in Manizales, Colombia.[1] He was the son of Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo and Dolores Arango Isaza.[6] The family descended from Alonso Jaramillo de Andrade, from Extremadura, Spain.[6][7]

Education

Jaramillo Arango studied first in the St. Thomas Aquinas School in Manizales, and then in the St. Bartholomew Major College in Bogotá. He studied medicine in the National University of Colombia, and surgery in Paris, London, and Rochester, United States.[8]

Career

Pioneer of modern medicine

He returned to Colombia, and became the Director of surgery of the Hospital San Juan de Dios from 1920 to 1923, and from 1927 to 1931. He was the president and member of the board of directors of the institution in several occasions.

Due to his extensive studies and professional experience, he became a pioneer of the Colombian modern medicine, and the most eminent surgeon of his time. He was the primary doctor of three presidents of Colombia and many personalities.

Professor, Rector and Minister

In the 1930s, he began his career in education: from 1933 to 1934, he was the dean of medicine of the National University of Colombia;[9] and, in 1934, president Enrique Olaya Herrera appointed him as Minister of National Education.[3][10][11] Rector of the National University of Colombia 1949–1950.

Diplomatic figure

In the 1930s, the Colombian government reorganized its foreign policy. In 1938, the liberal president Alfonso López Pumarejo appointed Jaime Jaramillo Arango as Minister Plenipotenciary of Colombia to Germany (Third Reich). That year, he was assigned also as Minister to Denmark.[1]

Witness of the horrors of Kristallnacht

On August 2nd 1938, Jaramillo Arango arrived in Berlin with his nephew and personal assistant, Juan Vallejo Jaramillo. The chosen date to present credentials as ambassador to Adolf Hitler was November 15th.[12] But, on November 9th, the Nazi paramilitary squadrons began brutally attacking the Jewish population and their stores, known as Kristallnacht – the initiation of the persecution of Jews by the Third Reich.[13] The following day, November 10th, Ambassador Jaramillo, his assistant, and Rafael Rocha Schloss (secretary of the embassy) were arrested because they had been taking pictures of the impressive damage in Kurfürstendamm, from the diplomatic automobile. They were taken to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where they were released two hours later. Due to these events, Hitler cancelled the appointment with the Colombian delegation.[12]

On November 12, Ambassador Jaramillo sent a telegram to President Eduardo Santos:

To get a view of it by day... we set off about 10 a.m. to look at the scene of the events. We were of course curious to catch a glimpse of the horror on display in Berlin as well as in all other German towns: destruction, plunder, burnt-out synagogues, a certain vigilantism—images that Dante himself could not have conceived, since the torments bear the refined mark of this century.[14]

Following Kristallnacht, on November 24th 1938, Jaramillo Arango left Germany and exiled himself, first in France and then in England. The Colombian embassy in Berlin was vacant until 1953.[12]

The official report of Ambassador Jaramillo appeared later in special articles and books about Kristallnacht;[12][15] and the pictures taken by the Colombian diplomats that described the horror of the events on November 9 of 1938, were exposed 75 years later in a commemorative exhibition in the New Synagogue of Berlin, in 2013.[16][17]

Ambassador to the United Kingdom

In 1939, he headed the Colombian delegation to the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, the actual United Nations.[18] Amid the expansion of the Third Reich across Europe, president Eduardo Santos named him as Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, from September 1940 to 1943.[19] Jaime Jaramillo Arango bought the present Colombian Embassy in London, and suffered, too, the Blitz of the German bombing. During World War II, he was appointed also as Minister Plenipotentiary to the Governments in Exile, Poland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway, based in the British capital.[20][21] He became the first Colombian ambassador to the United Kingdom, from 1943 to December 19, 1945.[22]

University of the United Nations

In November 1945, Jaramillo Arango was the Colombian delegate to the First Assembly of UNESCO in London, and was elected as vice president.[23] He proposed the creation of the University of the United Nations.

In his speech, Ambassador Jaramillo Arango remembered the physical and spiritual famine in Europe, the teachers killed, and the universities destroyed during the war. He called to other members for a rapid reconstruction and rehabilitation of Europe through a system of cooperation. During the UNESCO First Assembly, his proposition was received with applause, but never defined.

National University of Colombia

After his diplomatic life, Jaramillo Arango returned to his country. From 1949 to 1950, he became the Rector of the National University of Colombiaand, in the 1950s, he was elected as a senator.[24]

Foundation Anglo Colombian School

In February 1956, due to his deep admiration for the British scientists and educators that had been his teachers and colleagues, professor Jaramillo Arango founded the Anglo Colombian School of Bogotá, inspired by the British educational system.[25] To this day, it is one of the most prestigious schools of Colombia.

Personal life

In 1931, Jaime Jaramillo Arango was engaged to Carolina Cárdenas Núñez (1903-1936), a prominent artist, ceramist and photographer. In 1932, they married in Bogotá. Carolina became ill of meningitis and she died in 1936.

In 1948, he married María José Nemry von Thenen, a Belgian citizen.

He died in 1962.

Selected works

Professor Jaramillo Arango wrote several books and articles about science, medicine and botany, in Spanish and English:

  • 1948 - A propósito de algunas piezas inéditas de orfebrería Chibcha (About Some Unpublished Pieces of Chibcha Goldsmithing)[26] Bogotá: Imprenta del Banco de la República.
  • 1949 - Estudio crítico acerca de los hechos básicos de la historia de la quina (A Critical Review of the Basic Facts in the History of Cinchona)[9]
  • 1950 - The Conquest of Malaria[27] London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd.
  • 1952 - The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz, a Spanish botanist in Peru and Chile, 1777-1788. Transcribed to Spanish from the original manuscripts by Jaime Jaramillo Arango, and translated to English by Richard Evans Schultes and María José von Thenen[28] Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952 / 1998.
  • 1953 - The British Contribution to Medicine. Foreword by Sir Arthur MacNalty[4] London: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd.
  • 1953 - Don José Celestino Mutis y las expediciones botánicas españolas del siglo XVIII al Nuevo Mundo (Don José Celestino Mutis and the Spanish Botanists Expeditions from the 18th Century to the New World)[29] Separata de la Revista Bolívar, No. 9, 1952 / Separata de la Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, Vol. VIII, Nos. 33 y 34, mayo de 1953.
  • 1959 - Historia de los antibióticos. Bogotá: Editorial Pax
  • 1962 - Manual del árbol (The Tree Manual) Bogotá: Editorial Voluntad Ltda.

References

  1. ^ a b c Evans Schultes, Richard (March 1963). "Jaime Jaramillo-Arango, 1897 - 1962". Taxon. 12 (2): 41–43. doi:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1963.tb01914.x. JSTOR 1216206.
  2. ^ Torres Sánchez, Jaime; Salazar Hurtado, Luz Amanda (2002). Introducción a la historia de la Ingeniería y la Educación en Colombia [Introduction to the History of the Colombian Education and Engineering] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. p. 438. ISBN 978-958-701-160-9.
  3. ^ a b Ortíz, Álvaro (2006). Historia de la facultad de filosofía, Universidad del Rosario [History about of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of the Rosary] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario. p. 82. ISBN 978-958-8298-32-0.
  4. ^ a b Jaramillo Arango, Jaime. "British contribution to medicine by Jaime Jaramillo-Arango and foreword by Sir Arthur MacNalty. 1953". Retrieved 2017-10-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ Jaramillo Arango, Jaime :"The United Nations University" (PDF).[1]. Conference for the Establishment of The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Speech of the first delegate of Colombia in Third Plenary Meeting. London: UNESCO. November 2, 1945. pp. 30–70.
  6. ^ a b "Genealogías de Colombia: Árbol genealógico de Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo" [Genealogy and family of Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo] (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  7. ^ "Genealogy of Alonso Jaramillo de Andrade". Geneall. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  8. ^ "Medical Classifieds" [Clasificados médicos]. EL Tiempo (in Spanish). Bogotá. June 16, 1933. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  9. ^ a b Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (December 11, 1947). Basic Facts in the History of Cinchona (PDF). p. 272.
  10. ^ "Diario oficial, decreto N° 1598 de 1934" [National Gazette, decree N° 1598, 1934] (PDF). Diario Oficial de Colombia (in Spanish). 22664. August 21, 1934. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  11. ^ Niño, Germán (6 January 2016). "Presidentes Olaya, López y Santos" [Colombian presidents Olaya, López y Santos] (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  12. ^ a b c d Simon, Hermman (November 7, 1998). "Neue Quellen Zum Novemberpogrom In Berlin" [New Sources for Kristallnacht in Berlin] (PDF). Via Regia (in German). Berlin. pp. 5–9. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  13. ^ "Kristallnacht, a nationwide pogrom". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  14. ^ Hermman, Simon (2009). Jews in Nazi Berlin, chapter 1, 1938 The Year of Fate (PDF). Chicago: University of Chicago. p. 13. ISBN 978-0226521572.
  15. ^ Kreutzmüller, Christoph; Simon, Hermman; Weber, Elisabeth (June 1, 2013). Ein Pogrom im Juni (in German). Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich. ISBN 978-3955650131.
  16. ^ Muñoz, José Vicente (November 17, 2013). "La Noche de los cristales rotos" [Kristallnacht]. La Patria (in Spanish). Manizales. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  17. ^ "La noche de los cristales rotos por diplomáticos colombianos" [Images of Kristallnacht by Colombian diplomats]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Barranquilla. November 17, 2013. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  18. ^ "Permanent Mission of Colombia to United Nations in Geneva". Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  19. ^ Epstein,M.,PhD, M. (1942). The Statesman's Year-Book 1942. London. p. 804. ISBN 978-0-230-27071-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Winston, George. "Governments-in-exile and royalty relocated to London during World War Two". www.warhistoryonline.com. War History Online. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  21. ^ Conway, Martin; Gotovitch, José (2001). "European Exile Communities in Britain 1940-45". Europe in Exile. Berghahn Books. JSTOR j.ctt1btbxtx.
  22. ^ "Buckingham Palace, December 19, 1945" (PDF). The London Gazette. London. December 21, 1945. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  23. ^ Beigel, Fernanda (2013). The Politics of Academic Autonomy in Latin America. Ashgate Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 9781409431862.
  24. ^ "Perfil de Jaime Jaramillo Arango" [Profile of Jaime Jaramillo Arango] (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  25. ^ "Anglo Colombian School". Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  26. ^ Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (2012-05-12). "A propósito de algunas piezas inéditas de orfebrería chibcha" [About Some Unpublished Pieces of Chibcha Goldsmithing]. Revista del Instituto Etnológico Nacional (in Spanish). Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  27. ^ "Princeton University Library: The Conquest of Malaria". Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  28. ^ Pennington, T. D. (26 April 2010). "The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz, Spanish Botanist in Peru and Chile 1777–1788. Transcribed from the original manuscript by Jaime Jaramillo-Arango, translated by Richard Evans Schultes and María José Nemry von Thenen de Jaramillo-Arango. Foreword by Santiago Castroviejo. Cambridge: Timber Press. 1998. xxxx + 357pp., 11 colour photos (of maps). ISBN 0 88192 407 5. (hardback)". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 56 (2): 318. doi:10.1017/S0960428600001256.
  29. ^ Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (1953). Don José Celestino Mutis y las expediciones botánicas españolas del siglo XVIII al Nuevo Mundo [Don José Celestino Mutis and the Spanish Botanists Expeditions from the 18th Century to the New World] (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Retrieved April 12, 2018.
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