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Raj Kapoor
File:Raj Kapoor in Anari.jpg
Kapoor in Anari (1959)
Born
Ranbir Raj Kapoor

(1924-12-14)14 December 1924
Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province, British India
(present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Died2 June 1988(1988-06-02) (aged 63)
New Delhi, India
NationalityIndian
Other namesThe Showman,
The Greatest Show Man of Indian Cinema,
Charlie Chaplin of Indian Cinema,
Raj Sahab
CitizenshipIndian
Occupation(s)Actor, producer, director
Years active1935–1988
WorksFull list
Spouse(s)
Krishna Kapoor
​
​
(m. 1946; "his death" is deprecated; use "died" instead. 1988)​
ChildrenRandhir Kapoor
Ritu Kapoor Nanda
Rishi Kapoor
Rima Jain
Rajiv Kapoor
ParentPrithviraj Kapoor Ramsarni Kapoor
RelativesSee Kapoor family
Awards
Honours
Signature
Raj Kapoor signature.svg

Ranbir Raj Kapoor (born 14 December 1924 – 2 June 1988) was an Indian film actor, producer and director of Indian cinema.[1] Born at Kapoor Haveli in Peshawar to actor Prithviraj Kapoor– he was a member of the Kapoor family which has produced several Bollywood superstars.

Kapoor is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors and filmmakers in the history of Hindi cinema.[2] He received multiple accolades, including 3 National Film Awards and 11 Filmfare Awards in India. The Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award is named after Raj Kapoor. He was a two-time nominee for the Palme d'Or grand prize at the Cannes Film Festival for his films Awaara (1951) and Boot Polish (1954). His performance in Awaara was ranked as one of the top ten greatest performances of all time by Time magazine.[3] His films attracted worldwide audiences, particularly in Asia and Europe. He was called "the Clark Gable of the Indian film industry".[4]

The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971 for his contributions to the arts.[5] India's highest award in cinema, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, was bestowed on him in 1987 by the Government of India.

Early life and background

The Kapoor Haveli in Peshawar, in modern-day Pakistan

Kapoor was born into a Punjabi Hindu family[6] in 1924 at Kapoor Haveli, a house then owned by his father, in Peshawar, North Western Frontier Province, British India (in modern-day Pakistan), to Prithviraj Kapoor and Ramsarni Devi Kapoor.[7] He was the eldest of six children in the family.[8][9] He was the grandson of Dewan Basheshwarnath Kapoor and great-grandson of Dewan Keshavmal Kapoor, part of the famous Kapoor family. His brothers were the late actors Shashi Kapoor and Shammi Kapoor. He also had a sister named Urmila Sial. Two other siblings died in infancy. They later on moved from Peshawar into present-day India for residence and for education. His maternal cousin, Juggal Kishore Mehra, was a singer, whose granddaughter, Salma Agha, later became a Bollywood actress.

As Prithviraj moved from city to city early in his career during the 1930s, the family had to move too. Raj Kapoor attended several different schools like Colonel Brown Cambridge School, Dehradun and (St Xavier's Collegiate School), Calcutta[10] and Mumbai.[11]

Career

At the age of ten, he appeared in Bollywood films for the first time, in 1935's Inquilab. Raj Kapoor's big break came with the lead role in Neel Kamal (1947) opposite Madhubala in her first role as a leading lady. In 1948, at the age of twenty-four, he established his own studio, R. K. Films, and became the youngest film director of his time making his directorial debut with Aag starring himself, Nargis, Kamini Kaushal and Premnath. In 1949 he co-starred alongside Dilip Kumar and Nargis in Mehboob Khan's hit film Andaz which was his first major success as an actor. He had his first success as producer, director and star of Barsaat released later that year.[citation needed]

He went on to produce and star in several hit films made under his R. K. Banner including Awaara (1951), Shree 420 (1955), Jagte Raho (1956) and Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (1960), the last was directed by Radhu Karmakar, his longtime cinematographer, and which won Filmfare Award for Best Film.[12] These films established his screen image modeled on Charlie Chaplin's most famous screen persona of The Tramp.[13] Outside of his home productions, his other notable films as a leading actor included Dastan (1950), Anhonee (1952), Aah (1953), Chori Chori (1956), Anari (1959), Chhalia (1960) and Dil Hi To Hai (1963). He also produced the hit social films Boot Polish (1954) and Ab Dilli Door Nahin (1957).[14]

In 1964, he produced, directed and starred in the romantic musical Sangam alongside Rajendra Kumar and Vyjayantimala which was his first film in colour. This was his last major success as a leading actor as his later films like Around the World (1966) and Sapnon Ka Saudagar (1968) with younger starlets Rajshree and Hema Malini were box office flops. In 1965 he was a member of the jury at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.[15]

In 1970 he produced, directed and starred in his ambitious film Mera Naam Joker which took more than six years to complete. His son Rishi Kapoor made his debut in this film playing the younger version of his character. When released in 1970, it was a box office disaster and put Kapoor and his family into a financial crisis.[16] In later years it was acknowledged as a cult classic.[17] In 1971, he launched his eldest son Randhir Kapoor in the family drama Kal Aaj Aur Kal starring himself, his son Randhir, his father Prithviraj Kapoor as well as Randhir's to-be wife Babita. He launched his second son Rishi Kapoor's career in 1973 when he produced and directed Bobby which was a huge box office success and introduced actress Dimple Kapadia, later a very popular actress; it was the first of a new generation of teen romances. Dimple wore bikinis which was quite unique for Indian films then. In 1975 he acted alongside his son Randhir again in Dharam Karam, which Randhir also directed.

In the latter half of the 1970s and early 1980s he produced and directed films that focused on the female protagonists: Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978) with Zeenat Aman, Prem Rog (1982) with Padmini Kolhapure and Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1985) which introduced Mandakini. He acted in fewer films by the late 1970s and early 1980s but played a notable supporting role alongside Rajesh Khanna in Naukri (1978) and as the titular character alongside Sanjay Khan in Abdullah (1980). He played a detective in two comedy films: Do Jasoos (1975) and Gopichand Jasoos (1982), both directed by Naresh Kumar (brother of Rajendra Kumar). In 1979 he was a member of the jury at the 11th Moscow International Film Festival.[18] Raj Kapoor's last major film appearance was in Vakil Babu (1982) where he appeared with his younger brother Shashi. A film he had shot and completed in 1982 titled Chor Mandali in which he appeared opposite fellow veteran actor Ashok Kumar remained unreleased due to a legal dispute.[19] His last acting role was a cameo appearance in a 1984 released British made-for-television film titled Kim.

He was set to direct Henna starring his son Rishi and Pakistani actress Zeba Bakhtiar before his death in 1988. His son Randhir directed the film and it released in 1991.

Personal life

File:Raj Kapoor with his wife Krishna.jpg
Raj Kapoor with his wife Krishna

In May 1946, Raj Kapoor married Krishna Malhotra (1930-2018). Krishna was Prithviraj Kapoor's first cousin (his mother's brother's daughter) and thus, she was one generation senior to her husband Raj Kapoor. It was a match arranged by their families in the usual Indian way, and it lasted all their lives. Krishna's brothers, Rajendra Nath, Prem Nath and Narendra Nath, later became actors, and her sister Uma is married to the actor Prem Chopra.[20] The news of Raj Kapoor's marriage was reported in the cine-magazine Filmindia June 1946 issue as, "Raj Kapoor, the talented and versatile son of Prithviraj Kapoor ended his career of wild oats by marrying Miss Krishna Malhotra in the second week of May at Rewa".[21][22]

Raj and Krishna Kapoor had five children: three sons, actors Randhir, Rishi and Rajiv, and two daughters, Ritu Nanda and Rima Jain. Randhir is married to former actress Babita and is the father of actresses Karishma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor. Rishi is married to former actress Neetu Singh and is the father of two children, a daughter Riddhima, and a son, the actor Ranbir Kapoor. Raj Kapoor's elder daughter, Ritu Nanda, is married to industrialist Rajan Nanda (scion of the family which promoted and controls the Escorts group), and she is the mother of two children. Her son, Nikhil Nanda, is married to Shweta, daughter of actors Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan. Raj Kapoor's younger daughter, Rima Jain, is married to investment banker Manoj Jain and is the mother of aspiring actor Armaan Jain.

Both of Kapoor's brothers, all three of Kapoor's sons, two of Kapoor's daughters-in-law and three of Kapoor's grandchildren have been active at various times in the film industry. His granddaughters Karisma and Kareena (daughters of Kapoor's eldest son Randhir), and grandson Ranbir (son of Kapoor's second son Rishi) are the latest Bollywood stars from the Kapoor family, while another of his grandsons, Nikhil Nanda (Kapoor's daughter Ritu's son), is a noted industrialist.

Kapoor had a longtime romantic relationship with the renowned actress Nargis during the 1940s and 1950s, despite being a married man, although neither ever publicly admitted to this.[23] The couple starred in several films together, including Awaara and Shree 420. As Raj would not leave his wife and children, Nargis ended their relationship after Chori Chori and married Sunil Dutt with whom she fell in love on the set of Mother India (1957). Kapoor is also said to have had an affair with top 1960s actress Vyjayantimala during the shooting of Sangam. Vyjayanthimala has denied that she was ever involved with Kapoor. She deemed the whole thing a publicity stunt by Kapoor to promote his film. Kapoor has also been linked with the southern actress Padmini. In 2017, his second son Rishi confirmed his father's affairs in his autobiography Khullam Khulla.[24][25][26][27]

Pran, Mukesh, Dev Anand, Dilip Kumar, Rajendra Kumar, Manna Dey, Shankar-Jaikishan, Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and Rajesh Khanna were among Kapoor's closest friends from the movie industry.

Death

Raj Kapoor suffered from asthma in his later years; he died of complications related to asthma in 1988 at the age of 63. He collapsed at the event where he was to receive the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, and was taken to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) for treatment. He was hospitalised for about a month before he succumbed to complications arising from his asthma.[28] At the time of his death, he was working on the movie Henna (an Indo-Pakistan based love story). The film was later completed by his sons Randhir Kapoor and Rishi Kapoor and was released in 1991.

Legacy

Kapoor on a 2001 stamp of India

Raj Kapoor is appreciated both by film critics and movies fans. Film historians and movie buffs speak of him as the "Charlie Chaplin of Indian cinema," since he often portrayed a tramp-like figure, who, despite adversity, was still cheerful and honest. His fame spread worldwide. He was adored by audiences in large parts of South/Central/Southeast Asia, the former Soviet Union/Bloc, China, the Middle East, and Africa; his movies were global commercial successes. Raj Kapoor had the knack of getting the best out of any one, since he had mastered all departments of film making and even marketing them.[peacock prose] His films reflected the era in which they were made.

A postage stamp, bearing his face, was released by India Post to honour him on 14 December 2001. To honour him, a brass statue of his was unveiled at Walk of the Stars at Bandra Bandstand in Mumbai in March 2012.

Many of Raj Kapoor's movies had a patriotic theme. His films Aag, Shree 420 and Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (In the country where the Ganges flows) celebrated the newly independent India, and encouraged film-goers to be patriots. Raj Kapoor commissioned these famous lyrics for Mera Joota Hai Japani, a song from the movie Shree 420:

Mera joota hai Japani (My shoes are Japanese)
Ye patloon Inglistani (These trousers are English)
Sar pe lal topi Roosi (The red cap on my head is Russian)
Phir bhi dil hai Hindustani (But still, however, my heart is Indian)

The song is still extremely popular and has been featured in a number of movies since Shree 420 was released. Indian author Mahasweta Devi stopped the show with her inaugural speech at the 2006 Frankfurt Book Fair when she used these lyrics to express her own heartfelt patriotism and debt to her country.

In 2014, Google commemorated his 90th birthday.[29]

Raj Kapoor was a canny judge of filmi music and lyrics. Many of the songs he commissioned are evergreen hits. He introduced the music directors Shankar-Jaikishan and the lyricists Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra. He is also remembered for his strong sense of visual style. He used striking visual compositions, elaborate sets, and dramatic lighting to complete the mood set by the music. He introduced the actresses Nimmi, Dimple Kapadia, and Mandakini, as well as launching and reviving the careers of his sons Rishi, Randhir and Rajiv. Famous for making his actresses reveal the body, not very common then in Indian cinema, it was said his 'show-womanship' matched his showmanship.[30]

The 1967 "Song about yogis" (Template:Lang-ru) by Vladimir Vysotsky mentions Raj Kapoor as one of the three best-known symbols of Indian culture in the Soviet Union, along with Shiva and yoga.[31]

Awards

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Raj Kapoor

Kapoor had received many awards throughout his career, including 3 National Film Awards, 11 Filmfare Awards and 21 nominations. His films Awaara (1951) and Boot Polish (1954) were nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. His acting in the former was rated as one of the "Top-Ten Performances of all time" by Time Magazine.[3] His film Jagte Raho (1956) also won the Crystal Globe award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.

The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1987 – the highest award for cinematic excellence in India. In 2001, he was honoured with "Best Director of the Millennium" by Stardust Awards. He was named "Showman of the Millennium" by Star Screen Awards in 2002.

In June 2011, Noah Cowan, Artistic Director of TIFF Bell Lightbox, and Sabbas Joseph, Director, Wizcraft along with members of the Kapoor family came together to pay tribute to the life and work of Indian actor, director, mogul and legend Raj Kapoor, as presented in partnership by TIFF (Toronto International Film Festival), the International Indian Film Academy (IIFA), and the Government of Ontario. Indian Mirror Reports suggest Kapoor will be inducted onto the Brampton Walk of Fame in Ontario, Canada.[32]

Association with other artists

Khwaja Ahmad Abbas

Khwaja Ahmad Abbas was a screenwriter and director for a number of Raj Kapoor's best films.[33]

Shankar-Jaikishan

Shankar-Jaikishan were Raj Kapoor's music directors of choice. He worked with them in 20 films in all including 10 of his own films from Barsaat until Kal Aaj Aur Kal. (Jagte Raho with Salil Chowdhury and Ab Dilli Dur Nahin being two exceptions in this period). Only after Jaikishan died, did he turn to a different music director – Laxmikant-Pyarelal for Bobby, Satyam Shivam Sundaram and Prem Rog (later on, his children used Laxmikant-Pyarelal for Prem Granth as well), Rahul Dev Burman for Dharam Karam, and Ravindra Jain for (Ram Teri Ganga Maili and Henna). Raj Kapoor acted in a movie with music by Madan Mohan only once (twice), i.e. Dhoon (1953) & Aashiana (1952), which featured duet Hum Pyaar Karenge by Hemant Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar, the only instance of Hemant Kumar giving playback to Raj Kapoor, and did only one movie with O. P. Nayyar (Do Ustad).

List of films with Shankar-Jaikishan: (18 Films)

Nargis

Raj Kapoor and Nargis worked together in 16 films including 6 of his own productions.

Mukesh and Manna Dey

Mukesh was Raj Kapoor's almost exclusive singing voice in almost all of his films. Also, when Mukesh died, Raj had said, Main ne apni aawaaz ko kho diya... (I have lost my voice...). However Manna Dey has also sung many notable and super-hit songs for Raj Kapoor, for instance in Shree 420 and Chori Chori. Examples of such Manna songs are best illustrated by the following list:

  • "Laga Chunri Mein Daag" (Dil Hi To Hai)
  • "Ae Bhai Zara Dekh Ke Chalo" (Mera Naam Joker)
  • "Dil Ka Haal Sune Dil Wala" (Shree 420)
  • "Aaja Sanam Madhur Chandni Mein Hum" (Chori Chori)
  • "Jahan Mein Jati Hoon Wahin Chale Aate Ho" (Chori Chori)
  • "Yeh Raat Bhigi Bhigi, Yeh Mast Fizayen" (Chori Chori)
  • "Masti Bhara Hai Samaan" (Parvarish)
  • "Mud Mud Ke Na Dekh" (Shree 420)
  • "Chalat Musafir" (Teesri Kasam)
  • "Belia Belia Belia" (Parvarish)
  • "Lallah Allah Tera Nigehbaan" (Abdullah)
  • "Mama O Mama" (Parvarish)

Partial filmography

Main article: Raj Kapoor filmography
Title Year Credited as Director Notes
Actor Producer Other Role(s)
Inquilab 1935 Yes Debaki Bose Child artist
Gauri 1943 Yes Kidar Nath Sharma
Jail Yatra 1947 Yes Gajanan Jagirdar
Neel Kamal 1947 Yes Madhusudan Kidar Nath Sharma First starring role as the lead.
Aag 1948 Yes Yes Director Kewal Khanna Himself Directional debut
Andaz 1949 Yes Rajan Mehboob Khan
Barsaat 1949 Yes Yes Director Pran Himself
Sargam 1950 Yes P L Santoshi
Awaara 1951 Yes Yes Director Raj Raghunath Himself Nominated- Grand Prize at the 1953 Cannes Film Festival
Aah 1953 Yes Yes Raj Raibahadur Raja Nawathe
Boot Polish 1954 Yes Yes Man asleep on train Prakash Arora Uncredited
Filmfare Award for Best Film

Nominated- Grand Prize at the 1955 Cannes Film Festival

Shree 420 1955 Yes Yes Director Ranbir Raj/Raj Kumar of Pipli Himself National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi
Jagte Raho 1956 Yes Yes Peasant Sombhu Mitra and Amit Maitra Crystal Globe award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 1956

Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor

Chori Chori 1956 Yes Sagar/Sultana Daku Anant Thakur
Sharada 1957 Yes Chiranjeev / Shekhar L.V. Prasad
Phir Subah Hogi 1958 Yes Ram Babu Ramesh Saigal Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor
Parvarish 1958 Yes Raja J. Singh S. Bannerjee
Anari 1959 Yes Raj Kumar Hrishikesh Mukherjee Filmfare Award for Best Actor
Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai 1960 Yes Yes Raju Radhu Karmakar National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi

Filmfare Award for Best Actor

Chhalia 1960 Yes Chhalia Manmohan Desai Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor
Dil Hi To Hai 1963 Yes Yusuf/Chand/Khan Sahib C.L. Rawal
Sangam 1964 Yes Yes Director, editor Sundar Khanna Himself Filmfare Award for Best Director

Filmfare Award for Best Editing

BFJA Awards, Best Director

BFJA Awards, Best Editor

Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Film

Teesri Kasam 1966 Yes Hiraman/Meeta Basu Bhattacharya BFJA Awards, Best Actor
Mera Naam Joker 1970 Yes Yes director, editor Raju (Joker) Himself Filmfare Award for Best Director

BFJA Awards, Best Actor

BFJA Awards, Best Director

Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor
Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Film

Kal Aaj Aur Kal 1971 Yes Yes Ram Kapoor Randhir Kapoor
Bobby 1973 Yes Director, editor None Himself Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Film
Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Director
Dharam Karam 1975 Yes Yes Ashok Kumar Randhir Kapoor
Satyam Shivam Sundaram 1978 Yes Director, Narrator, editor None Himself Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Director
Naukri 1978 Yes Swaraj Singh Hrishikesh Mukherjee
Prem Rog 1982 Yes Director, editor None Himself Filmfare Award for Best Director

Filmfare Award for Best Editing Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Film

Ram Teri Ganga Maili 1985 Yes Director, editor, writer None Himself Filmfare Award for Best Film
Filmfare Award for Best Director

Filmfare Award for Best Editing

References

  1. ^ "Raj Kapoor and the Golden Age of Indian Cinema". hcl.harvard.edu. 19 February 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018.
  2. ^ Harris, Craig. Raj Kapoor. Allmusic
  3. ^ a b "All-Time 100 Movies". Time. 12 February 2005. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011.
  4. ^ Film World. T.M. Ramachandran. 1965.
  5. ^ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  6. ^ "Remembering an icon: Prithviraj Kapoor". New Indian Express. 9 September 2010.
  7. ^ Gooptu, Sharmistha (2010). Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation'. Taylor & Francis. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-203-84334-5.
  8. ^ "Prithviraj Kapoor: A centenary tribute". Daily Times / University of Stockholm. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  9. ^ "Prithviraj Kapoor:". Kapoor Family Page. Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  10. ^ Ultra, Nihil (22 January 2009). "Xaviers 150". The Telegraph (Calcutta). Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  11. ^ Jain, Madhu (2009). Kapoors: The First Family of Indian Cinema. Penguin Books Limited. p. 78. ISBN 978-81-8475-813-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  12. ^ "Memories through a lens". The Hindu. 6 June 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  13. ^ Times, Sanjoy Hazarika, Special To The New York (3 June 1988). "Raj Kapoor, Top Indian Film Star, Is Dead at 64" – via NYTimes.com.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Kagalwala, Fatema (10 June 2017) Fatema Kagalwala explores how Raj Kapoor personalised Italian neorealism in his work. The Hindu. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  15. ^ "4th Moscow International Film Festival (1965)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  16. ^ "Best of Bollywood, South Cinema, TV and Celebs". MSN India. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  17. ^ Mera Naam Joker: The Complete Story. Suresh kohli. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  18. ^ "11th Moscow International Film Festival (1979)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
  19. ^ No day, no show – Society & The Arts News. Indiatoday.intoday.in (3 July 2006). Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  20. ^ Pradhan, Bharathi S. (13 December 2009). "Bye bye, Bina". The Telegraph (Kolkata). Calcutta, India.
  21. ^ Patel, Baburao (June 1946). "At Last!". Filmindia. 12 (6): 47. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
  22. ^ Raj Kapoor's Wife Krishna Raj Kapoor Dies Of A Cardiac Arrest At 87. Ndtv.com. Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  23. ^ Patel, Bhaichand (19 November 2007). "Clangorous Liaisons". Outlook India.
  24. ^ Goyal, Divya (updated 1 October 2018) Exclusive: Rishi Kapoor On What His Mother Said To Nargis About Raj Kapoor Affair – NDTV Movies. Movies.ndtv.com (18 January 2017). Retrieved on 20 November 2018.
  25. ^ Khubchandani, Lata (15 June 2003). "Raj Kapoor — The Great Showman". The Sunday Tribune.
  26. ^ Rastogi, Tavishi Paitandy (14 September 2007). "Vyjayanthimala's autobiography leaves Kapoor clan fuming". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  27. ^ "Rishi Kapoor Reveals Dad Raj Kapoor's Alleged Affairs With His Heroines". NDTV Movies. 17 January 2017.
  28. ^ "Remembering Indian cinema's greatest showman". movies.rediff.com. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  29. ^ "Raj Kapoor movies featured in Google doodle as it celebrates his 90th birth anniversary". 14 December 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014.
  30. ^ Bharatan, Raju (2010). A Journey Down Melody Lane. Hay House Publishers – India. ISBN 978-81-89988-91-3. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  31. ^ В.С.Высоцкий 1967 Песенка про йогов. kacmanat.ru
  32. ^ "'Raj Kapoor Crescent'". Asian Image. Lancashire UK. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011. The city will also like to induct Shri Raj Kapoor into the Brampton Hall of Fame, having a star placed there in his honour..
  33. ^ K. A. Abbas – Films as writer:, Films as director: filmreference.com

Bibliography

Main article: Raj Kapoor bibliography
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