List of operating systems
Appearance
Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like MS-DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (MS-DOS, MacOS), mainframe only (VM), real-time or embedded only (QNX), PDA, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap.
Early, and historically important
- CTSS (The Compatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT by Corbato, et al)
- Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS, developed at MIT for the DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
- THE multiprogramming system (by Dijkstra et al.)
- Multics (joint OS development project by Bell Labs, GE, and MIT)
- Master programme (developed for Leo Computers, Leo III in 1962)
- RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (developed by Regnecentralen in 1969)
See also: Operating systems timeline
Early, proprietary microcomputer OS
- Apple Computer Apple DOS (initial version was Read-only memory firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC)
- Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line based
- Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20,
- The very first IBM-PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CP/M-86, PC-DOS)
- Sinclair Micro and QX, etc.
- TRS-DOS, NEW-DOS, ROM OS's (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions)
- TI-99/4A
- Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based micros)
- mini-FLEX (by TSC for 5.25" disks on 6800 based machines)
- CMT-ROS
Proprietary
Acorn
Amiga
- AmigaOS
- Amiga Unix, a.k.a. Amix
Apple/Macintosh
- Apple II
- Apple III
- SOS (Sophisticated Operating System)
- Lisa OS
- Macintosh
- Unix-like
- Mac OS
- System Software 1
- System Software 2
- System Software 3
- System Software 4
- System Software 5
- System Software 6
- System 7 (code-named "Big Bang")
- Mac OS 8
- Mac OS 9
- Mac OS X
- Darwin (open source underpinnings of MacOS X, based on FreeBSD and NextStep)
- Mac OS X v10.0 (aka Mac OS X 10.0 "Cheetah")
- Mac OS X v10.1 (aka Mac OS X 10.1 "Puma")
- Mac OS X v10.2 (aka Mac OS X 10.2 "Jaguar")
- Mac OS X v10.3 (aka Mac OS X 10.3 "Panther")
- Mac OS X v10.4 (aka Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger")
- Mac OS X v10.5 (aka Mac OS X 10.5 "Leopard")
- Mac OS X Server
Array Networks
Burroughs (later Unisys)
Convergent Technologies
Later acquired by Unisys.
Be Incorporated
Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP
- AIS
- OS/8
- ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
- MPE (from HP)
- TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)
- WAITS
- TENEX (from BBN)
- TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)
- RSTS/E (multi-user time-sharing OS for PDP-11s)
- RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
- RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
- DSM-11 DEC Standard MUMPS
- VMS (by DEC for the VAX mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS)
- Domain/OS (originally Aegis, from Apollo Computer who were bought by HP)
- RTE HP's Real Time Executive (ran on the HP 1000)
- TSB HP's Time Share Basic (yes, it was an operating system, ran on the HP 2000 series)
- Unix-like
- Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, became HP's Tru64 UNIX)
- HP-UX
- Ultrix
- NonStop Kernel (Originally from Tandem Computers for their line of fault-tolerant platforms; originally called Guardian). It supports concurrent execution of:
- Guardian
- OSS (POSIX-compliant Open System Services)
Honeywell
- KSOS-6 Kernelized secure operating system for the Honeywell Level-6 minicomputer.
Intel
- iRMX-86 real-time operating system, variants for other processor families like iRMX-88, iRMX-386, manuals
IBM
- PC-DOS (originally nearly indistinguishable from Microsoft MS-DOS)
- OS/2 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
- OS/2 Warp
- eComStation (licensed to Serenity Systems International)
- Basic Operating System (first system released for the System/360, as an interim)
- TOS
- OS/360 (first OS planned for the System/360 architecture)
- MFT (operating system)
- MVT (later called OS/VS2)
- DOS/360
- DOS/VSE (virtual-memory version of DOS/360)
- z/VSE (latest version of the VSE line)
- VM/CMS
- z/VM (latest version of the VM line)
- OS/VS1 (virtual-memory version of OS/360 MFT)
- OS/VS2 (virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT)
- SVS (first version of OS/VS2)
- MVS (ultimate version of OS/VS2)
- TPF
- OS/390 (follow-on to MVS, with an additional Unix-like environment)
- z/OS (z/Architecture version of OS/390)
- IBM System/34,36 System Support Product, or SSP
- i5/OS formerly OS/400
- Unix-like
- IBM 7090/94 IBSYS
- IBM 8100 DPCX
- IBM 8100 DPPX
- K42
See Also
Category:IBM Mainframe computer operating systems for IBM 360 and follow-on processors' operating systems Category:DOS on IBM PC compatibles for the various DOS's on IBM PC compatibles Category:IBM PC compatibles includes the non-DOS operating systems on IBM PC compatibles Category:IBM operating systems for other IBM processors operating systems
Microsoft
- Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)
- MSX-DOS (developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer)
- MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22)
- Windows CE (OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows)
- Windows CE 3.0
- Windows Mobile (based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor)
- Windows CE 5.0
- Microsoft Windows
- Windows 1.0
- Windows 2.0
- Windows 3.0 (the first version to make substantial commercial impact)
- Windows 3.1x
- Windows 3.2 (Chinese only release)
- Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0)
- Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1)
- Windows 98 Second Edition (often shortened to Windows 98 SE) (aka Windows 4.2)
- Windows Millennium Edition (often shortened to Windows Me) (aka Windows 4.9, not 4.3 due to the version number)
- OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)
- Windows NT
- Windows NT 3.1
- Windows NT 3.5
- Windows NT 3.51
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0)
- Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1) (codename: Whistler)
- Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2)
- Windows Vista (aka Windows NT 6.0) (codename: Longhorn)
- Windows Fundamentals (for legacy PCs)
- WinPE
Non-standard language
- Symbolics Genera written in a systems dialect of the Lisp programming language called ZetaLisp, for this reason referred to as Lisp machines.
- Texas Instruments' Explorer Lisp machine workstations also had systems code written in Lisp Machine Lisp.
- The Mesa programming language was used to implement some (all?) systems code in Xerox Star workstations.
- PERQ Operating System (POS) was written in PERQ Pascal.
- Flextronics
PLOT D26, JALAN DPB/4, KAW. ZON PERINDUSTRIAN BEBAS, PELABUHAN TANJUNG PELEPAS, 81560 GELANG PATAH, JOHOR
Other
- Desqview, allows running multiple copies of DOS concurrently on one machine.
- EOS (Operating System), developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
- GCOS is a proprietary Operating System originally developed by General Electric
- GOS (Galaxy Operating System) is a new operating system being developed by Galaxy Productions
- NCR IRX - operating system used by NCR I-9040 series
- OSIRIS - Written in Ada for the BiiN series of fault tolerant high-performance multi-processor computers built on custom microprocessor designs.
- PC-MOS/386 - DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking
- SINTRAN III - an operating system used with Norsk Data computers.
- THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation
- TinyOS
- TRS-DOS A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their Z80-based line of personal computers.
- TX/4 and DX/10 - proprietary operating systems for TI 990 minicomputers
- MAI Basic Four - An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems.
- Michigan Terminal System - Developed by a group of American universities for IBM 360 series mainframes
Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant
- Aegis (Apollo Computer)
- Amiga Unix (Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1989, last version was in 1992)
- Clix (Intergraph's System V implementation)
- Cromix (Unix-like OS from Cromemco)
- Coherent (Unix-like OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
- DNIX from DIAB
- Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
- IRIX from SGI
- iMAX developed (in Ada) for the Intel iAPX-432 object-capability based 32-bit microprocessoriAPX-432[1].
- Mac OS X from Apple Computer
- Micronix from Morrow Designs, Inc. for its Z-80 machines.
- NeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a Unix-based OS based on the Mach microkernel)
- OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
- OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
- OPENSTEP
- QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
- Rhapsody
- RISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the MIPS RISC architecture)
- RMX
- SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO Group)
- SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the MIPS RISC architecture)
- Solaris (Sun's System V-based replacement for SunOS)
- SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
- System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
- System V/AT, 386 (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by Microport)
- Trusted Solaris (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support multilevel security)
- UniFlex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
- Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)
- MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
- SkyOS (developed by Robert Szeleney)
- DG/UX (Data General Corp)
UNIVAC (later Unisys)
Nonproprietary Unix-like
Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant
- Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
- Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical)
- Solaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code (code now open source via OpenSolaris project)
- Unix (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
- Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
Open source Unix-like
- Agnix (educational)
- BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
- FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- DesktopBSD FreeBSD distribution for desktop use
- PC-BSD FreeBSD distribution for desktop use
- DragonFly BSD forked from FreeBSD
- NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
- FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
- GNU Hurd
- Linux
- OpenDarwin
- OpenSolaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code
- SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
- Syllable
- VSTa
Nonproprietary non-Unix-like
Research non-Unix-like
- Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
- House Haskell User's Operating System and Environment, research OS written in Haskell and C. [3]
- ILIOS Research OS designed for routing, sources at [4].
- EROS microkernel, capability-based
- CapROS microkernel EROS successor.
- Coyotos microkernel EROS successor, goal: be first formally verified OS.
- L4 Second generation microkernel
- Mach (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see NeXTSTEP)
- MONADS capability-based OS designed to support the MONADS hardware projects [5].
- Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. [7]
- Singularity - A research operating system written mostly in managed code (C#) by Microsoft. [8]
- Spring (research OS from Sun Microsystems)
- StarOS and Medusa object-based operating system to support distributed software for CM*
- V from Stanford, early 1980s Capability-Based Computer Systems
- 2K is an open source, distributed adaptable operating system being built in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [9]. The 2K operating system will run on top of the Off++ microkernel[10]
Open source non-Unix-like
- FullPliant (programming language based)
- FreeDOS (open source DOS variant)
- FreeVMS (open source VMS variant)
- Haiku (open source BeOS reimplementation, under development)
- ReactOS (free software Windows NT compatible OS, in early development)
Disk Operating System
- DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ...] DOS variant)
- Concurrent DOS (Digital Research's first multiuser DOS variant)
- Multiuser DOS (Digital Research's [later CCI's. Real's/...] multiuser DOS variant)
- FreeDOS (open source DOS variant)
- ProDOS (operating system for the Apple II series computers)
- PTS-DOS (DOS variant by Russian company Phystechsoft)
- QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft, became MS-DOS/PC-DOS). This is sometimes confused with Sinclair QDOS operating system for the Sinclair QL computer.
- RDOS (Data General Corp)
Network
- Cambridge Ring
- CSIRONET by (CSIRO)
- CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)
- Fabric OS by Brocade
- NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
- NOS (developed by CDC for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers)
- Novell Open Enterprise Server (Open Source networking OS by Novell. Can incorporate either SUSE Linux or Novell NetWare as its kernel).
- OliOS
- Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical)
- Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)
- Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel) [11]
Generic/commodity, non-Unix, and other
- BLIS/COBOL
- Bluebottle also known as AOS (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
- BS1000 by Siemens AG
- BS2000 by Siemens AG, now BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu-Siemens Computers (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationsysteme)
- BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
- Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
- CP/M-80 (CP/M for Intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research)
- CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
- CP/M-68k (CP/M for Motorola 68000 from Digital Research)
- CP/M-8000 (CP/M for Zilog Z8000 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
- DESQview (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
- DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
- GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)
- GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
- JavaOS
- Jnode JNode.org's OS written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath
- JX Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen.[12]
- KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)
- MERLIN [13] for the Corvus Concept [14]
- MorphOS (by Genesi)
- MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV), now MSP/EX for 31-bit mode
- MUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System.
- nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile
- NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
- Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zürich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
- OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
- OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
- Pick (often licensed and renamed)
- PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
- SEAL System is a free 32-bit GUI for DOS.
- Sinclair QDOS (multitasking for the Sinclair QL computer)
- SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
- SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
- SymbOS (GUI based multitasking operating system for Z80 computers [15])
- TripOS, 1978
- UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
- UMIX, made for the ICFP Programming Contest 2006.
- VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
- VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from Multics
- VOS by Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVS
- VM2000 by Siemens AG
- VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
- VPS/VM (IBM based, main operating system at Boston University for over 10 years.)
- aceos under GPL *
For Elektronika BK Soviet personal computer
- ANDOS
- AO-DOS
- BASIS
- CSI-DOS
- DOSB10
- DX-DOS
- FA-DOS
- HC-DOS
- KMON
- MicroDOS
- MK-DOS
- NORD
- NORTON-BK
- RAMON
- PascalDOS
- RT-11
- ROM embedded
- OS-BK-11 (RT-11 version)
- Turbo-DOS
Hobby
- Ace OS
- Agnix
- AMOS
- AreoOS
- AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
- AtheOS became Syllable
- BlueIllusion OS
- BOS - 100% assembler OS
- Brainix
- BRiX
- CalotaOS (Calota Software Labs Operating System)
- Clicker
- Desert Spring-Time - An Ocaml based operating system
- DexOS - a pure 32-bit protected mode OS written in 100% assembler
- EROS
- Glider - Homepage
- Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
- HelenOS
- IsaacOS
- LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system inspired by the operating system shown in Serial Experiments Lain)
- LSE/OS
- MenuetOS is an extremely compact OS written entirely in FASM assembly language
- MMURTL (written by Richard Burgess; presented in MMURTL V1.0 (2000) ISBN 1-58853-000-0)
- NewOS
- Panalix
- RetrOS is a compact native Forth-based environment. The site also features an MS-DOS port of RetroForth.
- Sanos (Minimalistic x86 OS kernel)
- SOFregit (Operating System for educational purposes)
- Syllable (a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS)
- Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
- Trion Operating System
- V2 OS
- Visopsys
Embedded
- A/ROSE
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- ROM-DOS
- Embedded Linux
- Minix version 3
- Windows XP Embedded
- Windows CE
- .NET Micro Framework
Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
- EPOC originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OS
- Windows CE, from Microsoft
- Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
- Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
- Linux on Sharp Zaurus and Ipaq
- DOS on Poqet PC
- Newton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad
Music players
- Rockbox (Free Software operating system for music player devices)
iPods
Smartphones
- Windows CE
- Embedded Linux, MontaVista Linux in Motorola's A760, E680
- Mobilinux by Montavista.
- Symbian OS
Router
- CatOS by Cisco Systems
- Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating System) by Cisco Systems
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- IOS-XR by Cisco Systems
- JUNOS by Juniper Networks
- LinkBuilder by 3Com
- PIX OS by Cisco Systems
- ROX by Ruggedcom
Microcontroller, Real-time
- B.lu BOS [16]
- ChorusOS
- Contiki written in C
- eCos
- embOS (Segger)
- FreeRTOS
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- LUnix written in 6502
- LynxOS
- MenuetOS
- MontaVista Linux (see also Embedded Linux)
- Nucleus
- On Time [17]
- OS-9 by Microware
- Operating System Embedded: OSE
- OSEK
- Phoenix-RTOS
- QNX
- RTAI
- RTEMS
- RTKE by Philips
- RTLinux
- Salvo [18]
- ThreadX
- TRON (also ITRON, BTRON, CTRON, MTRON, etc.)
- µCLinux
- VelOSity
- VRTX
- VxWorks by Wind River Systems
- XMK (eXtreme Minimal Kernel)
- Xenomai [19]
Interpreted
Capability-based
- KeyKOS nanokernel
- EROS microkernel
- CapROS EROS successor
- Coyotos EROS successor, goal: be first formally verified OS
- EROS microkernel
Fictional
Operating systems that have appeared only in fiction.
- ALTIMIT OS - From .hack
- Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
- DROS - Unix lookalike from The Hacker Files
- HeliacOS - Parody on SkyOS
- Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
- LCARS- From television's Star Trek
- Linux-based
- BarbieOS - A hoax Mattel Linux distribution.
- Finux - Pun on Finnish origins of Linux, appears in Cryptonomicon
- Jesux - Distribution safe for Christians, was a hoax.
- Lesbian GNU/Linux
- Winux: 2004 - Merger of Windows and Linux, joke from the comic Sluggy Freelance
- Yellow Hat GNU/Linux: Distribution produced by the Gelugpa branch of Tibetan Buddhism, intended to allow users to advance in programming skill and towards enlightenment.
- Luna/X - Google's 2004 April Fool's joke [20]
- NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.
- O-Yes - A very old Indian joke and hoax about some OS which is "54% quicker than Windows 95 or OS/2".
- Wheatonix - April fool's joke
See also Hollywood operating system
LEGO Mindstorms
See also
- Comparison of operating systems
- Category:Operating systems
- Category:Real-time operating systems
- Category:Embedded operating systems
- Category:Unix
- Category:Free software
External links
- A catalog of operating systems
- Official OSDev Project list (130+ OS projects)
- OS History - Historic timeline of non-Unix operating systems
- Bitsavers, an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from mainframes and minicomputers of the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s