Syntagma Square

Syntagma

Σύνταγμα
Syntagma Σύνταγμα
Neighborhood
	Location of neighborhood in the municipality of Athens
Country	Greece
Region	Attica
City	Athens
Postal code	105 57, 105 62, 105 63, 105 64
Area code	210
Website	www.cityofathens.gr

Syntagma Square (Template:Lang-el, pronounced [plaˈtia sinˈdaɣmatos], "Constitution Square") is the central square of Athens.^[1] The square is named after the Constitution that Otto, the first King of Greece, was obliged to grant after a popular and military uprising on 3 September 1843.^[2] It is located in front of the 19th century Old Royal Palace, housing the Greek Parliament since 1934. Syntagma Square is the most important square of modern Athens from both a historical and social point of view, at the heart of commercial activity and Greek politics. The name Syntagma (Template:Lang-el) alone also refers to the neighbourhood surrounding the square.

Description

The square is bordered by Amalia Avenue (Leofóros Amalías) to the east, Otto Street (Óthonos) to the south and King George I Street (Vasiléos Georgíou Prótou) to the north. The street bordering the square to the west, connecting Stadiou Street with Fillelinon Street, is simply named "Syntagma Square" (Plateia Syntágmatos).^[3] The eastern side of the square is higher than the western, and dominated by a set of marble steps leading to Amalias Avenue; beneath these lies the Syntagma metro station. The stairs emerge below between a pair of outdoor cafes, and are a popular city-centre gathering place. Syntagma also includes two green areas to the north and south, planted with shade trees, while in the centre of the square there is a large mid-19th century water fountain.

The Old Royal Palace neoclassical building, housing the Greek Parliament since 1934, is immediately across Amalias Avenue to the east, and surrounded by the extensive National Gardens, which are open to the public; the Parliament itself is not open to the public, even when not in session. Every hour, the changing of the guard ceremony, performed by the Presidential Guard, is conducted in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on the area between the Syntagma Square and Parliament building. On certain days, a ceremonial changing of the guard occurs with an army band and the majority of the 120 Evzones present at 11 am.

History

The Square was designed and constructed in the early 19th century, shortly after King Otto moved the capital of the newly-born Greek Kingdom from Nafplio to Athens in 1834. It was designed as one of the two central squares of modern Athens, situated to what were then the eastern boundaries of the city. The second square was Omonoia Square, to the north of the city. Even though King Otto's Royal Palace was at first planned to be erected on Omonia Square, a location overlooking the eastern square was deemed a better option. Thus, the square's first name was "Palace Square". Work for the construction of the Old Palace to the north of the Square, started in 1836 and lasted until 1843.^[4]

About a month after the installation of King Otto and his wife Amalia in late July 1843,^[4] a popular and military uprising took place in the Greek Capital on September 3, 1843. Soldiers under Dimitrios Kallergis gathered in front of the Palace and demanded the granting of constitution. King Otto was then obliged to grant the first Constitution of Greece.^[2] In memory of the event, the Palace square was renamed to Constitution Square or Syntagma Square in Greek.

Between 2010 and 2012, the Square was the site of mass protests, including an occupation of the square with tents and other provisions due to the worsening economic situation during the Greek government-debt crisis. Some of the demonstrations amassed crowds of the order of 10,000 people, according to police reports ; or 50,000 according to other sources. Since the inception of the "Unity Government", the occupation has been removed from the Square and demonstrations are less frequent.

Transport

Syntagma Square is a hub for many forms of public transportation in Athens; Metro lines 2 and 3 of the Athens Metro have a stop at the Syntagma station, which is to be found under the square ; the Athens Tram stops here (currently closed, from October 19th 2018 until the end of repairs works^[5]); buses and trolleybuses are available to many places in the city. Travel between Syntagma Square and the Eleftherios Venizelos Airport is available via special airport bus and metro lines. Free high-speed wireless Internet access (4 Mbit/s) is offered by the Municipality of Athens at the Square. The square is also a hub for buses to the northern suburbs and the Athens Olympic Complex in Maroussi.

Attractions near the Square

The Square is located near many of Athens' oldest and most famous neighbourhoods and tourist attractions: (all within walking distance)

Plaka (Πλάκα),
Monastiraki (Μοναστηράκι),
Psiri (Ψυρρή)
Kolonaki (Κολωνάκι)
Acropolis (Ακρόπολις),
Theater of Dionysus,
Areopagus, the Ancient Agora of Athens (Αρχαία Αγορά των Αθηνών)
Hadrian's Library,
Tower of the Winds in the Roman Agora,
Choragic Monument of Lysicrates,
Arch of Hadrian (Αψίς του Ανδριανού),
Temple of Olympian Zeus (Ναός του Ολυμπίου Διός),
Pnyx (Πνύκα),
Philopappos Monument (Μνημείο του Φιλοπάππου) on the Hill of the Nymphs,
Kerameikos Cemetery (Νεκροταφείο Κεραμικού),
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Μνημείο του Αγνώστου Στρατιώτη)
Mount Lycabettus

Historic churches also dot the area, some dating from the Middle Ages.

In popular culture

In the film Jason Bourne (2016), Syntagma Square is represented by the Plaza de España of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain).^[6]

Gallery

Portion of the Peisistratian aqueduct on display at Syntagma square
Syntagma Square and George I Street, circa 1900
The square in 1910
Crowd celebrates the liberation from the Axis Powers (October 1944)
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
Pallis mansion (arch. Anastasios Metaxas)
Athens Tram in Syntagma

Notes

^ "On Foot - Kolonaki-Riggilis Area-Mets". Visit Greece. Greek National Tourism Organisation. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b DOMESTIC POLICY 1833-1897
^ "Syntagma Square on the map". Bing Maps. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Old Palace (today the Greek Parliament) [in Greek]". Contemporary Monuments Database. National Hellenic Research Foundation. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
^ "Urgent maintenance works on river construction halt part of Athens Tram operation". Keep Talking Greece. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
^ El rodaje de 'Bourne 5' convierte a la ciudad de Santa Cruz de Tenerife en Atenas

External links

37°58′32″N 23°44′05″E / 37.97556°N 23.73472°E / 37.97556; 23.73472

[1] "On Foot - Kolonaki-Riggilis Area-Mets". Visit Greece. Greek National Tourism Organisation. Retrieved 10 September 2014.

[DOMESTIC_POLICY_1833-1897-2] DOMESTIC POLICY 1833-1897

[3] "Syntagma Square on the map". Bing Maps. Retrieved 10 September 2014.

[cmd-4] "Old Palace (today the Greek Parliament) [in Greek]". Contemporary Monuments Database. National Hellenic Research Foundation. Retrieved 10 September 2014.

[5] "Urgent maintenance works on river construction halt part of Athens Tram operation". Keep Talking Greece. Retrieved 2019-05-16.

[6] El rodaje de 'Bourne 5' convierte a la ciudad de Santa Cruz de Tenerife en Atenas

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v t e Streets in Athens
Major streets	3 Septemvriou Street Agiou Konstantinou Street Aiolou Street Akadimias Street Alexandras Avenue Amalias Avenue Andrea Syngrou Avenue Athanasiou Diakou Street Athinas Street Athinon Avenue Acharnon Street Benaki Street Ermou Street Ioanninon Avenue Iera Odos Kallirois Avenue Katechaki Avenue Kifisias Avenue Kifissou Avenue Konstantinoupoleos Avenue Lenormant Street Makri Street Mavromichali Street Mesogeion Avenue Michalopoulou Street Mitropoleos Street Pangratiou Street Panepistimiou Street Patission Street Patsi Street Peiraios Street Petrou Ralli Avenue Rizari Street Sofokleous Street Stadiou Street Vasileos Konstantinou Avenue Vasilissis Sofias Avenue Vouliagmenis Avenue
Secondary and local streets	Antigonis Street Dionysiou Areopagitou Street Eynardou Street Fokionos Negri Street Herodou Attikou Street Kallirois Street Lykourgou Street Pandrossou Street Petmeza Street Santarosa Street Veikou Street Voukourestiou Street
Main squares	Kolonaki Square Kotzia Square Monastiraki Square Omonoia Square Syntagma Square
Suburban roads	Alimou Street Athinas Avenue Ulof Palme Street Doukissis Plakentias Avenue Poseidonos Avenue Thiseos Street
Highways	Attiki Odos Aigaleo Ring Road Hymettus Ring Road
List of streets in Athens List of streets in Attica List of streets in Greece

v t e Major squares in Greece
Athens	Amerikis Square Avdi Square Klafthmonos Square Kolonaki Square Kotzia Square Kypselis Square Monastiraki Square Omonoia Square Syntagma Square Viktoria Square
Piraeus	Alexandras Square Korai Square Terpsitheas Square
Thessaloniki	Aristotelous Square Agias Sofias Square Archaias Agoras Square Galopoulou Square Dodeka Apostolon Square Dimokratias Square Dioikitiriou Square Eleftherias Square Emboriou Square Syntrivaniou Square Morichovou Square Navarinou Square
Patras	Georgiou I Square Ethnikis Antistaseos Square Psilalonia Kapodistria Square Trion Symmachon Square
Larissa	Central Square Riga Feraiou Square Tachidromiou Square
Heraklion	Lions Square
Corfu (city)	Spianada Spilias Square
Ioannina	Dimokratias Square
Kavala	Eleftherias Square Kapnergati Square Nikotsara Square
Volos	Riga Feraiou Square
Nafplion	Syntagma Square Filellinon Square Trion Navarchon Square
Mytilene	Sappho Square
Chios (town)	Vounakiou Square
Chania	Eleftherias Square Eleftheriou Venizelou Square Splantza Square
Rhodes (city)	Eleftherias Square Ippokratous Square Evraion Martyron Square
Kastoria	Doltso Square
Ermoupoli	Miaouli Square
Argostoli	Kampana Square
List of squares in Greece