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Gary Libben
NationalityCanadian
Academic background
Alma materMcGill University
Concordia University
Academic work
DisciplinePsycholinguist
Neurolinguist

Gary Libben is a Canadian linguist. He is specifically a psycholinguist and neurolinguist working on ways to improve our comprehension of how words are represented in our brain and mind. He is the current Department chair Professor of Applied Linguistics in Brock University in Canada. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada [1], the founding director and co-director of the University of Alberta’s Centre for Comparative Psycholinguistics [2] and former President of the Canadian Linguistics Association. [3]

Education

Work in Linguistics

The basis of Libben's work lies in psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics. Libben's study of linguistics focuses on how language is processed in our minds and where it is represented in our brain?[5] Libben argues that the properties of words have a psychological meaning that it is linked to the mind. [6] He argues that words are a part of our memory and that we interpret new words from “memory association” and “associative links”. [7] But he also maintains that we can interpret words using our computational (problem-solving) side that is separate from our memory.[8] [9]

Words and Mind (Lexical and Compound Processing)

Libben argues that lexical processing comes from our ability to make relations between existing words and new words of our knowledge to interpret its meaning.[10]

To explain this, he describes how we interpret the meaning of “foamstick” (a new novel compound word) and “broadcast” (an existing compound word).[11] For the word “foamstick”, Libben maintains that the word is a new word that the beginning of language processing cannot be identified. He argues the mind uses the memory side of itself and makes associative links to other compound words, e.g. “lipstick and nightstick”. [12] The pattern of these 3 examples is the head word “stick”, if you break down the morphemes of the words.[13]

He maintains the idea that our computational side solves the problem of interpretation of foamstick [14], now we have figured out the morphological pattern. He argues that the word can be labelled as an analogy of existing words. [15] It makes the word broadcast easier to process and interpret. . [16] For the word broadcast, [17] Libben maintains that the word is integrated into our minds and words with a similar semantic relation/pattern such as sportscast and podcast. [18] It makes the word broadcast easier to process and interpret.[19]

He argues that once language processing of a word is done, we can interpret similar words by making correlations between the words using semantic patterns, morphological patterns. [20] [21]

Language Processing

Libben’s 2011 chapter on "Psycholinguistics:The Study of Language Processing” [22] focuses on how we use word, sentence and discourse meaning in our minds through language processing in the brain to communicate. To collect research for this study, language users should have no knowledge that they are currently language processing because it is a subconscious act. If the process is done unknowingly from the conscious mind, “the language processing system is maximising its ability to operate with speed and efficiency” [23] (O'Grady et al 2011:428) He gives an example of how to sense that language processing is subconscious:

  • Giving a research participant an extract to read and noticing there eye movement.Libben points out that the common conception that the participant's eyes move "smoothly from left to right" [24][25] is wrong. He suggests that are eyes saccade and that the participant is not aware of it. Supporting his claim the act is not done with our awareness.

According to Libben,another example of language processing is how our "words are organised in our minds" [26] to give us the skill of communication. He suggests that we have a vocabulary list in our mind and we rely on mental lexicon to adapt to learning new words and collect words quickly. He points out that we collect words during this language processing, on the foundation of sound, spelling, meaning [27].

Lexical Processing

[28]



Compound Processing

[29]>

[30]

[31]

Words and Brain

The basis of Libben's work on Neurolinguistics focuses on the representation and processing of language in our brain. He suggests methods that linguistics can use to study the brain. Libben then explains how we can investigate the brain, he discusses techniques that would be useful in this neurolinguistics investigation. He mentions the use of autopsy studies, stating its contribution to the understanding of the brain. He mentions looking at CT and PET scans, stating that information about the relation between language and the brain is obtained by investigating the brain. [32] To explain this, Libben points out parts of the brain, e.g. cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres and lobes of the brain that have a specific role in its function. [33] Libben also reviews alternative approaches after concluding that language behaviour changes in the brain hemisphere. [34] He suggested Dichotic listening test and split brain studies after studies had shown that the left hemisphere of the brain has the job of language processing in right handers. [35] Futhermore, Libben explains that the Broca area has main control over speech production, [36] Wernicke's area has main control over an individual having the ability to understand language and the area surrounding the angular gyrus contributes to the function of reading language. [37] In an attempt to understand language representation and processing in the brain, Libben bases his investigation on studying patients with aphasia pg 464 [38] - language deficit due to brain damage. He reasoned the need to look at aphasia as a linguistic theory, looking at the condition in terms of "loss of semantic features and phonological rules". Libben labelled phonological features as a device to identify language representation and processing in the brain. He bases his argument on observations of "phonetic paraphasias of Broca's aphasics". [39] Individuals with Broca's aphasia have limited abilty to produce spoken language, the way they express themselves phonetically differs from what they intended to say. An example from a patient:

  • 1a) It's hard to eat with a spoon
  • 1b) ...har eat ...wIt...pun [40]

In (1b), Libben suggests that the change of phonemes compared to (1a) signifies the patients difficultly to produce certain phonemes. with differs from /wIt in this example and shows the difference in one specific phoneme/ feature, which he proposes can be identified as a phonetic rule associated with the condition. This observation made him argue that linguists looking at phonological features was the right device in describing how language is represented and produced. [41]


Riverside, California; Dog Lorem ipsum.[42]

References

  1. ^ "Gary Libben". Brock University. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  2. ^ "Words in the World". University of Alberta. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  3. ^ "The LRC Speaker Series presents, Gary Libben". University of Calgary. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  4. ^ "Gary Libben, Ph.D." Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
  5. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 112. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  6. ^ Libben, Gary (2014). <path>'proxy.library.dmu.ac.uk/ "The nature of compounds: a psychocentric perspective". Cognitive neuropsychology. 31 (1–2): 13. doi:10.1080/02643294.2013.874994. ISSN 0264-3294. PMID 24580553. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)
  7. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 112. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  8. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 113. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  9. ^ Libben, Gary; Jarema, Gonia (2007). <path>proxy.library.dmu.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228911.001.0001/acprof-9780199228911-chapter-1 The Representation and Processing of Compound Words. Oxford Scholarship Online. p. 3. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228911.001.0001. ISBN 13: 9780199228911. Retrieved 28 February 2020. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |ignore-isbn-error= ignored (|isbn= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 113. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  11. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 113. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  12. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 113. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  13. ^ Libben 2008, p.113.
  14. ^ Libben 2008, p.113.
  15. ^ Libben 2008, p. 113.
  16. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 113. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  17. ^ Libben 2008, p.113.
  18. ^ Libben 2008, p. 113.
  19. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 113. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  20. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 113. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  21. ^ Libben, Gary (2014). <path>proxy.library.dmu.ac.uk/ "The nature of compounds: a psychocentric perspective". Cognitive neuropsychology. 31 (1–2): 18. doi:10.1080/02643294.2013.874994. ISSN 0264-3294. PMID 24580553.
  22. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 12: Psycholinguistics: The Study of Language Processing". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. pp. 428–454. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  23. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 12: Psycholinguistics: The Study of Language Processing". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 428. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  24. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 12: Psycholinguistics: The Study of Language Processing". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 429. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  25. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 118. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  26. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 12: Psycholinguistics: The Study of Language Processing". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 430. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  27. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 12: Psycholinguistics: The Study of Language Processing". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 431. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  28. ^ Libben, Gary; Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008). "Parallel Sessions: Word, mind and brain". Unity and Diversity of Languages. John Benjamins Pub. p. 118. doi:10.1075/z.141.12lib. ISBN 978-90-272-3248-9.
  29. ^ Libben, Gary; Jarema, Gonia (2007). <path>proxy.library.dmu.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228911.001.0001/acprof-9780199228911-chapter-1 The Representation and Processing of Compound Words. Oxford Scholarship Online. pp. 1–17. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199228911.001.0001. ISBN 13: 9780199228911. Retrieved 2010. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |ignore-isbn-error= ignored (|isbn= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ Libben, Gary (2014). <path>proxy.library.dmu.ac.uk/ "The nature of compounds: a psychocentric perspective". Cognitive neuropsychology. 31 (1–2): 8–25. doi:10.1080/02643294.2013.874994. ISSN 0264-3294. PMID 24580553.
  31. ^ Davis, P.Charles; Libben, Gary; Segalowitz, J.Sidney (2019). "Compounding matters: Event-related potential evidence for early semantic access to compound words". Cognition. 184: 44–52.
  32. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. pp. 461–463. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  33. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 457. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  34. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 463. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  35. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. pp. 463–464. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  36. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 465. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  37. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 460. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  38. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  39. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 471. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  40. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 465. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  41. ^ O'Grady, William; Archibald, John; Katamba, Francis (2011). "Chapter 13: Brain and Language". Contemporary linguistics: an introduction. Pearson Education. p. 471. ISBN 978-1-4058-9930-7.
  42. ^ The content of the footnote 1.

Bibliography

  • O'Grady, W.D., Archibald, J. & Katamba, F. 2011, Contemporary linguistics: an introduction, 2nd, [U.K.] edn, Pearson Education, Harlow.
  • Libben, G. 2008, "Words, mind, and brain" in: Sterkenburg, P. G. J. van (2008) Unity and Diversity of Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • Libben, G. 2014, "The nature of compounds: A psychocentric perspective", Cognitive Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 1-2, pp. 8-25. (psychology)
  • Libben, G. & Jarema, G. 2006;2007;2010;2005;, The representation and processing of compound words, Oxford University Press, Oxford. (compound processing)
  • Davis, C.P., Libben, G. & Segalowitz, S.J. 2019, "Compounding matters: Event-related potential evidence for early semantic access to compound words", Cognition, vol. 184, pp. 44-52. (compound matters)


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