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Michel Le Moal

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Michel le Moal
Michel Le Moal
Born (1934-09-28) September 28, 1934 (age 90)
Le Havre, France
NationalityFrench
OccupationNeuropsychiatrist

Michel le Moal (born on 28 September 1934 in Le Havre) is a French neuropsychiatrist and neuroscience researcher. In France, he is considered to be the first to research the establishing relationships between behavior and neuroscience, as well as creating an integrative neurobiology.

Biography

Pupil of the Nation (Rocroi Court, 1943), he completed his secondary studies in Givet (in the Ardennes), then at the Lycée Henri IV (in Paris), and at the Lycée de Brest.

SPCN at the Faculty of Sciences in Paris (1952), then preparatory class (Brest Maritime Hospital) for the entrance exam to the National School of the Marine Health Service (1953); entry to the School (1954), Bordeaux. At the same time, he continued his medical studies at the Faculty of Medicine. Interruption (1959-1961) for treatment in Sanatorium, Isère. During medical training (Doctorate in 1968), he decided to focus on what was still neuropsychiatry; after specialty internship (1968), chooses child neuropsychiatry; this activity will cease in 1978. In addition to medicine, he completed his training: Bachelor of Arts (Philosophy, Psychology) 1962, Bachelor of Science (Chemistry - Physiology) 1962. Doctorate of State in Science, at 40 years of age (Thesis supervisor: Pierre Karli).

From 1964 onwards, he was assistant and then assistant professor at the Faculty of Science in Bordeaux. From 1975 to 1976, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) at J. Olds' Laboratory. Then professor of Neurosciences, from 1976, and until 2005. From 1980 to 2004, he was Director of Studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE 3rd section), in Experimental Psychopathology. From 1993 to 2003, he was a Member of the Institut Universitaire de France.

As Professor Emeritus at the University of Bordeaux, he has headed several CNRS and Inserm units, then designed and directed the Institut François Magendie de Neurosciences (Inserm - CNRS). Michel le Moal is considered to be the initiator in France of research aimed at establishing relationships between behaviour and neuroscience and at creating an integrative neurobiology.[1] In order to understand the transition from adaptation to disadaptation, he laid the foundations for experimental psychopathology. In recent years, the neurobiology of addiction has been the focus of attention. He has been a member of the French Academy of sciences since 2005.[2] He received the Neuropsychopharmacology Award in 2005.[3]

Distinctions

Other significant events

  •    1977-1979: Creation, Management, Laboratory of Psychophysiology CNRS ERA 416.
  •    1979-1982: Creation, Management, CNRS own laboratory, LP 82-31, Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology.
  •    1983-2004: Creation, Management, Inserm Laboratory (U 259) affiliated to Inserm and CNRS.
  •    1987-1990: Creation, Direction of the Master's degree, then of the DEA and the Doctoral School, Bordeaux.
  •    1995: Creation, Management of the Federal Institute of Clinical and Experimental Neurosciences (IFR 8 Inserm, IFR 13 CNRS).
  •    1996: Creation, Management of the Institut François Magendie de Neurosciences.

Research themes and scientific contributions

He attempts to explain the relationship to drugs by integrating an individual's history and education into the cellular functioning of the brain.[4]

Advances in behavioural neuroscience and psychiatric research, as well as his many interviews with Henri Laborit, were the reasons for Le Moal's stays in the United States since the late 1970s, where progress was rapid. At Caltech, he learned the methods of multiple intracerebral computer recording in animals free of movement, then at the Salk and Scripps, the basics of Neuroendocrinology and Neuropharmacology and in all these laboratories the behavioural approaches and the need for integrative Neuroscience and the difficulties of modelling in experimental Psychopathology.

From 1974 to 1980, his publications focused on:

  •    the role of a ventral neural system including the neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, or serotonin, in motivational processes; stimulation (intracerebral self-stimulation) causes attention arousal, pleasure phenomena, and injury the inability to focus, uncontrolled hyperactivity,
  •    the functional roles of dopaminergic systems in their frontal cortical projections; identification of memory syndromes resulting from their local lesions and their specific intracerebral stimulation and blockages; analysis of the neural bases of individual and species survival behaviours; discovery of the central roles of the CRF and vasopressin in adaptive behaviours[5] [6].

From 1980 to 1995, his research on the modalities of the transition from normal to pathological was based on methods of behavioural analysis and their measurement[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]. It studies the consequences of harmful environments, aggressions (stress) and proposes the measurement of specific markers acting centrally (including the stress system and its central receptors, the neurons involved). He will be the first to set up lifetime studies, for example based on prenatal stress; he will demonstrate the behavioural consequences, including attention disorders, self-regulation and progression to drug addiction.

From 1995 to 2005, in continuity with previous results, Le Moal focused the work of its teams on a fundamental question of Psychopathology: why some subjects succumb and others do not, or show resilience; thus the causes of interindividual, genetic, developmental and environmental differences. The underlying neuro-adaptive processes will be studied on the basis of vulnerability to addictions, the effects of chronic stress, and pathological aging. These analyses will use cognitive, emotional, hormonal, molecular and hormonal approaches[16] [17] [18].

Publications

The results obtained by Michel Le Moal's research (more than 450 publications, 36,000 citations) reflect the exceptional quality of his French and American collaborators. They have been highlighted by many articles published in Nature or Science.[19]

Articles published in Nature or Science

  • Le Moal M., Stinus L., Simon H. Increased sensitivity to (+) amphetamine self-administered by rats following meso--cortico-limbic dopamine neurone destruction. Nature, 1979, 280, 156-158.
  • Simon H., Scatton B., Le Moal M. Dopaminergic A10 neurons are involved in cognitive functions. Nature, 1980, 286, 150-151.
  • Le Moal M., Koob G., Koda L.Y., Bloom F.E., Manning M, Sawyer W.H., Rivier J., Vasopressor receptor antagonist prevents behavioural effects of vasopressin. Nature, 1981, 291, 491-493.
  • Sutton R.E., Koob G.E., Le Moal M., Rivier J., Vale W. Corticotropin releasing factor produces behavioural activation in rats. Nature, 1982, 297, 332-333.
  • Tassin J.P., Simon H., Hervé D., Blanc D., Le Moal M., Glowinski J., Bockaert J. Non- dopaminergic fibres may regulate dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Nature, 1982, 295, 696-698.
  • Koob G.F., Dantzer R., Rodriguez F., Bloom F.E., Le Moal M., Osmotic stress mimics effects of vasopressin on learned bahavior. Nature, 1985, 316, 750-752.
  • Piazza P.V., Deminière J.M., Le Moal M., Simon H., Factors that predict individual vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration. Science, 1989, 245, 1511-1513.
  • Koob G.F., Le Moal M. Drug abuse : hedonic homeostatis dysregulation. Science, 1997, 278, 52-58.
  • Cabib S., Orsini C., Le Moal M., Piazza P.V. Abolishment and reversal of genetic differences in behavioral responses to drugs of abuse after a short-lived experience. Science, 2000, 289, 463-465.
  • Koob G.F., Le Moal M. Reward neurocircuitry plasticity and the « dark side » of drug addiction. Nat. Neuroscience, 2005, 8, 1442-1444.

In general journals

  • Le Moal M., Simon H. Dopamine mesocorticolimbic network : functional and regulatory roles. Physiol. Rev., 1991, 71, 155-234.
  • Abrous D.N., Koehl M., Le Moal M. Adult neurogenesis : from precursors to network and physiology. Physiol. Rev., 2005, 85, 523-569.
  • Piazza P.V., Le Moal M. Pathophysiological basis of vulnerability to drug abuse: role of an interaction between stress, glucocorticoids and dopaminergic neurons. Ann. Rev. Pharm. Toxicol., 1996, 36, 359-378.
  • Piazza P.V., Le Moal M. Glucocorticoids as a biological substrate of reward: physiological and pathophysiological implications. Brain Res. Rev., 1997, 25, 359-372.
  • Piazza P.V., Le Moal M. The role of stress in drug self-administration. Trends in Pharmacol. Sci., 1998, 19, 67-74
  • Vallée M., Mayo W., Le Moal M. Role of neurosteroids in cognitive aging. Brain Res. Rev, 2001, 37, 301-312.
  • Koob G.F., Le Moal M. Addiction and the Brain Anti-Reward System. Ann Rev Psychol, 2008, 59, 29-53.

Main books and lectures

  • Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience. Le Moal M. (en collaboration avec Koob G.F. et Thompson R.), (Eds). Academic Press, 3 volumes, 2012, 1816 p.
  • Dictionnaire de Psychologie. Doron R., Parot F., Anzieu D., Bronckart J.P., Le Moal M., Lévi-Leboyer C., Moser G., Richelle M., Widlöcher D. (Eds)[20], PUF, 2012 (2ème édition), 768 p.
  • Neurobiology of Addiction. Le Moal M. (en collaboration avec Koob G.F.). Academic Press - Elsevier (1re édition 2006), 500 p., 2ème édition (fin 2017), 3 volumes.
  • Drugs, Addiction and the Brain. Le Moal M. (en collaboration avec Koob G.F. and Arends M.). Academic Press - Elsevier, 2014, 342 p.

References

  1. ^ "Michel le Moal, Académie des Sciences" (PDF) (in French).
  2. ^ "Michel Le Moal, un psychiatre précurseur". canalacademie.com (in French).
  3. ^ "Winner 2005 – Michel Le Moal". ecnp.eu.
  4. ^ Natalie Levisalles (4 November 1997). "Au risque de choquer, le neurobiologiste Michel Le Moal tente d'expliquer le rapport aux drogues en intégrant au fonctionnement cellulaire du cerveau l'histoire d'un individu et son éducation". liberation.fr (in French)..
  5. ^ (en) Stinus L, Gaffori O, Simon H, Le Moal M., « Disappearance of hoarding and disorganization of eating behavior after ventral mesencephalic tegmentum lesions in rats », J Comp Physiol Psychol. 92(2): 289-296, 1978
  6. ^ (en) Gaffori O, Le Moal M., « Disruption of maternal behavior and appearance of cannibalism after ventral mesencephalic tegmentum lesions », Physiol Behav. 23(2): 317-323., 1979
  7. ^ (en) Koob GF, Le Moal M, Gaffori O, Manning M, Sawyer WH, Rivier J, Bloom FE., « Arginine vasopressin and a vasopressin antagonist peptide: opposite effects on extinction of active avoidance in rats », Regul Pept. 2(3): 153-163., 1981
  8. ^ (en) Le Moal M, Koob GF, Koda LY, Bloom FE, Manning M, Sawyer WH, Rivier J., « Vasopressor receptor antagonist prevents behavioural effects of vasopressin. », Nature. 291(5815): 491-493., 1981
  9. ^ (en) Sutton RE, Koob GF, Le Moal M, Rivier J, Vale W., « Corticotropin releasing factor produces behavioural activation in rats », Nature. 297(5864): 331-333., 1982
  10. ^ (en) Koob GF, Dantzer R, Bluthé RM, Lebrun C, Bloom FE, Le Moal M., « Central injections of arginine vasopressin prolong extinction of active avoidance », Peptides. 7(2): 213-218., 1986
  11. ^ (en) Le Moal M, Bluthé RM, Dantzer R, Bloom FE, Koob GF., « The role of arginine vasopressin and others neuropeptides in brain-body integration. », In: Cognitive Neuro Chemistry. Stahl SM, Iversen SD, Goodman EC (eds), Oxford Press. pp. 203-232., 1987
  12. ^ (en) Koob GF, Stinus L, Le Moal M, Bloom FE., « Opponent process theory of motivation: neurobiological evidence from studies of opiate dependence », Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 13(2-3): 135-140., 1989
  13. ^ (en) Le Moal M., « Psychopathology between cognitive sciences and a theory of brain-behavior relationships », Eur Bull Cogn Psychol. 9: 650-658., 1989
  14. ^ (en) Piazza PV, Deminière JM, Le Moal M, Simon H., « Factors that predict individual vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration », Science. 245(4925): 1511-1513., 1989
  15. ^ (en) Piazza PV, Deminiere JM, le Moal M, Simon H., « Stress- and pharmacologically-induced behavioral sensitization increases vulnerability to acquisition of amphetamine self-administration. », Brain Res. 514(1): 22-26., 1990
  16. ^ (en) Piazza PV, Le Moal ML., « Pathophysiological basis of vulnerability to drug abuse: role of an interaction between stress, glucocorticoids, and dopaminergic neurons », Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 36: 359-378., 1996
  17. ^ (en) Piazza PV, Le Moal M., « The role of stress in drug self-administration », Trends Pharmacol Sci. 19(2): 67-74., 1996
  18. ^ (en) Koob GF, Le Moal M., « Reward neurocircuitry plasticity and the "dark side" of drug addiction », Nat Neurosci. 8: 1442-1444., 2005
  19. ^ "Google Scholar".
  20. ^ "Dictionnaire de psychologie". associationpsychanalytiquedefrance.org (in French).
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