1999 Tour de France
Race details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dates | 3 July 1999 | –25 July 1999||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stages | 20 + Prologue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distance | 3,870 km (2,405 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Winning time | 91h 32' 16" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1999 Tour de France was a multiple stage bicycle race held from 3 to 25 July, and the 86th edition of the Tour de France. It has no overall winner—although American cyclist Lance Armstrong originally won the event, the United States Anti-Doping Agency announced in August 2012 that they had disqualified Armstrong from all his results since 1998, including his seven consecutive Tour de France wins from 1999 to 2005 (which were, originally, the most wins in the event's history); the Union Cycliste Internationale confirmed the result. There were no French stage winners for the first time since the 1926 Tour de France. Additionally, Mario Cipollini won 4 stages in a row, setting the post-World War II record for consecutive stage wins (breaking the record of three, set by Gino Bartali in 1948.)
Teams
After the doping controversies in the 1998 Tour de France, the Tour organisation banned some riders from the race, including Richard Virenque, Laurent Roux and Philippe Gaumont, manager Manolo Saiz and the entire You have called {{Contentious topics}}
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The teams entering the race were:[5][6]
Qualified teams
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Invited teams
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Route and stages
The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,642 m (8,668 ft) at the summit of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 9.[7][8]
Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | 3 July | Le Puy du Fou | 6.8 km (4.2 mi) | Individual time trial | | |
1 | 4 July | Montaigu to Challans | 208.0 km (129.2 mi) | Plain stage | Jaan Kirsipuu (EST) | |
2 | 5 July | Challans to Saint-Nazaire | 176.0 km (109.4 mi) | Plain stage | Tom Steels (BEL) | |
3 | 6 July | Nantes to Laval | 194.5 km (120.9 mi) | Plain stage | Tom Steels (BEL) | |
4 | 7 July | Laval to Blois | 194.5 km (120.9 mi) | Plain stage | Mario Cipollini (ITA) | |
5 | 8 July | Bonneval to Amiens | 233.5 km (145.1 mi) | Plain stage | Mario Cipollini (ITA) | |
6 | 9 July | Amiens to Maubeuge | 171.5 km (106.6 mi) | Plain stage | Mario Cipollini (ITA) | |
7 | 10 July | Avesnes-sur-Helpe to Thionville | 227.0 km (141.1 mi) | Plain stage | Mario Cipollini (ITA) | |
8 | 11 July | Metz | 56.5 km (35.1 mi) | Individual time trial | | |
12 July | Le Grand-Bornand | Rest day | ||||
9 | 13 July | Le Grand-Bornand to Sestrières | 213.5 km (132.7 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | | |
10 | 14 July | Sestrières to Alpe d'Huez | 220.5 km (137.0 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Giuseppe Guerini (ITA) | |
11 | 15 July | Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Saint-Étienne | 198.5 km (123.3 mi) | Hilly stage | Ludo Dierckxsens (BEL) | |
12 | 16 July | Saint-Galmier to Saint-Flour | 201.5 km (125.2 mi) | Hilly stage | David Etxebarria (ESP) | |
13 | 17 July | Saint-Flour to Albi | 236.5 km (147.0 mi) | Hilly stage | Salvatore Commesso (ITA) | |
14 | 18 July | Castres to Saint-Gaudens | 199.0 km (123.7 mi) | Plain stage | Dmitri Konychev (RUS) | |
19 July | Saint-Gaudens | Rest day | ||||
15 | 20 July | Saint-Gaudens to Piau-Engaly | 173.0 km (107.5 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Fernando Escartín (ESP) | |
16 | 21 July | Lannemezan to Pau | 192.0 km (119.3 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | David Etxebarria (ESP) | |
17 | 22 July | Mourenx to Bordeaux | 200.0 km (124.3 mi) | Plain stage | Tom Steels (BEL) | |
18 | 23 July | Jonzac to Futuroscope | 187.5 km (116.5 mi) | Plain stage | Giampaolo Mondini (ITA) | |
19 | 24 July | Futuroscope | 57.0 km (35.4 mi) | Individual time trial | | |
20 | 25 July | Arpajon to Paris (Champs-Élysées) | 143.5 km (89.2 mi) | Plain stage | Robbie McEwen (AUS) | |
Total | 3,870 km (2,405 mi)[11] |
Race overview
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (October 2016) |
Doping
This tour also saw the mistreatment of Christophe Bassons by his fellow riders of the peloton (notably Armstrong) for speaking out against doping. The 1998 tour had been marred by the Festina doping scandal. Bassons later told Bicycling, "The 1999 Tour was supposed to be the "Tour of Renewal," but I was certain that doping had not disappeared."[12] He quit the tour without finishing after "cracking" mentally due to his treatment by the peloton, especially in stage 10.[13]
Subsequent to Armstrong's statement to withdraw his fight against United States Anti-Doping Agency's (USADA) charges, on 24 August 2012, the USADA said it would ban Armstrong for life and stripped him of his record seven Tour de France titles.[14][15] Later that day it was confirmed in a USADA statement that Armstrong was banned for life and would be disqualified from any and all competitive results obtained on and subsequent to 1 August 1998, including forfeiture of any medals, titles, winnings, finishes, points and prizes.[1] On 22 October 2012, the Union Cycliste Internationale endorsed the USADA sanctions, and decided not to award victories to any other rider or upgrade other placings in any of the affected events.[2]
Other incidents
The 1999 edition of Tour de France had two bizarre moments. The first was on stage 2 when a 25-rider pile-up occurred at Passage du Gois. The Passage du Gois is a two-mile causeway which depending on the tide can be under water. A rider came down in the middle of the field during the passage, leading to the crash that cost pre-race favourites Alex Zülle, Christophe Rinero and Michael Boogerd more than five minutes to the lead group.[16] The second bizarre incident was on stage 10, one kilometre from the summit of Alpe d'Huez. Leading Italian rider Giuseppe Guerini was confronted by a spectator holding a camera in the middle of the road. Guerini hit the spectator but recovered and went on to win the stage.[17]
Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1999 Tour de France.[18] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[19]
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[20]
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[21]
The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.[22]
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.[23]
In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative, who wore a red number bib the next stage. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.[24] Jacky Durand won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.[9] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier. This prize was won by José Luis Arrieta during stage 9.[25][26]
Stage | Winner | General classification |
Points classification |
Mountains classification |
Young rider classification[n 2] | Team classification | Combativity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Award | Classification | |||||||
P | Mariano Piccoli | Rik Verbrugghe | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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no award | ||||
1 | Jaan Kirsipuu | Jaan Kirsipuu | Thierry Gouvenou | Thierry Gouvenou | ||||
2 | Tom Steels | Jaan Kirsipuu | Christian Vande Velde | Jacky Durand | ||||
3 | Tom Steels | Frédéric Guesdon | ||||||
4 | Mario Cipollini | Gianpaolo Mondini | ||||||
5 | Mario Cipollini | Mariano Piccoli | ||||||
6 | Mario Cipollini | François Simon | ||||||
7 | Mario Cipollini | Lylian Lebreton | ||||||
8 | Magnus Bäckstedt | no award | ||||||
9 | Stuart O'Grady | Richard Virenque | Benoît Salmon | José Luis Arrieta | ||||
10 | Giuseppe Guerini | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Stéphane Heulot | |||||
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Rik Verbrugghe | |||||
12 | David Etxebarria | Erik Zabel | Massimiliano Lelli | |||||
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Roland Meier | |||||
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Jacky Durand | Jacky Durand | ||||
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Fernando Escartín | |||||
16 | David Etxebarria | Pavel Tonkov | ||||||
17 | Tom Steels | Carlos Da Cruz | ||||||
18 | Gianpaolo Mondini | Frédéric Bessy | ||||||
19 | no award | |||||||
20 | Robbie McEwen | Anthony Morin | ||||||
Final | Erik Zabel | Richard Virenque | Benoît Salmon | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Jacky Durand |
- In stage 1, Alex Zülle wore the green jersey.
- In stages 3 through 6, Tom Steels wore the green jersey.
- In stage 7, Erik Zabel wore the green jersey.
- In stage 8, Mario Cipollini wore the green jersey.
Final standings
Legend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Denotes the leader of the points classification[29] | Denotes the leader of the mountains classification[29] | |||
Denotes the winner of the super-combativity award[29] |
General classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
---|---|---|---|
1 | {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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2 | Alex Zülle (SUI) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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3 | Fernando Escartín (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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10 | Andrea Peron (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Final general classification (11–141) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
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123 | Sébastien Hinault (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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124 | Sergio Barbero (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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125 | Gabriele Colombo (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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126 | Carlos De La Cruz (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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127 | Rossano Brasi (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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128 | Thierry Marichal (BEL) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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129 | Juan José De Los Angeles (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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130 | Sebastien Demarbaix (BEL) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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131 | Marcus Ljungqvist (SWE) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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132 | Anthony Langella (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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133 | Bart Leysen (BEL) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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134 | Massimiliano Napolitano (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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135 | Pedro Horrillo (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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136 | Jan Schaffrath (GER) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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137 | Luca Mazzanti (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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138 | Alessandro Baronti (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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139 | Thierry Loder (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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140 | Pascal Deramé (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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141 | Jacky Durand (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Points classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
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1 | Erik Zabel (GER) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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2 | Stuart O'Grady (AUS) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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3 | Christophe Capelle (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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4 | Tom Steels (BEL) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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5 | François Simon (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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6 | George Hincapie (USA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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7 | Robbie McEwen (AUS) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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8 | Giampaolo Mondini (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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9 | Christophe Moreau (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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10 | Silvio Martinello (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Mountains classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
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1 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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2 | Alberto Elli (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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3 | Mariano Piccoli (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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4 | Fernando Escartín (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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{{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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6 | Alex Zülle (SUI) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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7 | José Luis Arrieta (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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8 | Laurent Dufaux (SUI) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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9 | Andrea Peron (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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10 | Kurt Van De Wouwer (BEL) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Young rider classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
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1 | Benoit Salmon (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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2 | Mario Aerts (BEL) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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3 | Francisco Tomas García (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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4 | Francisco Mancebo (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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5 | Luis Perez (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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6 | Salvatore Commesso (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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7 | Steve De Wolf (BEL) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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8 | José Javier Gomez (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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9 | Rik Verbrugghe (BEL) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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10 | Jorg Jaksche (GER) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Team classification
Rank | Team | Time |
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1 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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2 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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3 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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4 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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5 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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6 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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7 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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8 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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9 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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10 | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Combativity classification
Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
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1 | Jacky Durand (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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2 | Stéphane Heulot (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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3 | Thierry Gouvenou (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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4 | Anthony Morin (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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5 | François Simon (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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6 | Fernando Escartin (ESP) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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7 | Lylian Lebreton (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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8 | Frédéric Guesdon (FRA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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9 | Alberto Elli (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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10 | Mariano Piccoli (ITA) | You have called {{Contentious topics}} . You probably meant to call one of these templates instead:
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Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Template:Cycling stage recaps
Template:Tour de France
Template:Authority control
Template:Broken ref