COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts
 | This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (March 2020) |
| 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Massachusetts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Cases per 100,000 people as of April 2
| |||
| Disease | COVID-19 | ||
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 | ||
| Location | Massachusetts, United States | ||
| First outbreak | Wuhan, Hubei, China | ||
| Index case | Boston | ||
| Arrival date | February 1, 2020 | ||
| Confirmed cases | 11736[1] | ||
| Active cases | 11357 | ||
| Recovered | 163 [2] | ||
Deaths | 216 as of April 4, 2020 | ||
| Government website | |||
| Information on the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the Massachusetts Department of Health | |||
The 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Massachusetts is part of an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the US state of Massachusetts. The first confirmed case was reported on February 1, 2020, and cases began growing rapidly on March 5. Governor Charlie Baker declared a state of emergency on March 10, and by March 12, over 100 people were infected. Most early cases were traceable to a Biogen conference held in Boston in late February. As of April 4, 2020[update], Massachusetts had 11,736 cases, 1,068 hospitalizations, and 216 deaths due to COVID-19.[1]
School closures began March 9, when Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) moved large classes to only-online for the rest of the semester,[3][4] and a handful of local schools closed. By March 13, many colleges and state school districts announced closures ranging from weeks to months in duration.[5][6]
On March 15, Baker ordered all schools in Massachusetts closed for three weeks from March 17, through April 7. The same day, he also banned eating at restaurants, banned gatherings of over 25 people, relaxed unemployment claim requirements, and enacted other interventions through April 17, to slow the spread of COVID-19.[7] On March 23, Governor Baker enacted a stay-at-home advisory until April 7, which was extended to May 4, to further inhibit the spread of COVID-19.[8] Two days later, Baker extended the closure period of schools, ordering them to remain closed through May 4.[9]
Timeline
February
The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed by state health officials on February 1. Massachusetts became the 2nd state in America to report a case of coronavirus. The individual, a University of Massachusetts Boston student, had returned to Boston from Wuhan, China. Upon returning to Boston he began experiencing symptoms and sought medical care. University of Massachusetts Boston Interim Chancellor Katherine Newman addressed the situation as "business as usual" in a campus wide email. Students and faculty were assured they were at no risk, even though a confirmed case was identified.[10]
175 executives of Biogen Inc., a biotechnology company based in Cambridge, held a two-day leadership conference from February 26–28 at the Boston Marriott Long Wharf hotel.[11] On February 29, a Biogen executive began to develop symptoms and sought treatment at a Boston area hospital. Suspecting COVID-19 was the cause of the illness, the executive requested a test, but was told by hospital staff that it was not necessary.[11][12][13]
March
March 2–3
On March 2, the second confirmed case in Massachusetts was reported. The patient was a woman in her 20s from Norfolk County. She had recently traveled to Italy with a school group from Saint Raphael Academy in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. She was the third person from the trip to test positive.[14]
March 4–5
On March 4, staff from Biogen contacted the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) claiming that two executives who had recently traveled from Europe to Boston and had attended the February conference had tested positive for COVID-19 upon returning home. The same day, a "significant number" of Biogen employees asked for coronavirus tests at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), which had not been informed that anyone at the company had been exposed to COVID-19. The state police announced Shattuck Street would be closed because a group of 60 individuals were being transported along the route to Brigham and Women's Hospital.[15]
On March 5, Biogen reported that three individuals who had attended a company event in Boston the previous week had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.[16][17]
March 6–9
On March 6, public health officials reported five new cases bringing the state total to eight.[1][18] Four cases were in Suffolk County, three in Norfolk County, and one in Middlesex County. Two cases were associated with travel to Italy and one to Wuhan. All five new cases were associated with the Biogen meeting.[19][20][21] Northeastern University, which had already closed satellite campuses in San Francisco and Seattle, hesitated to close their main campus for fear of international students losing their F visa status, and publicly called on the Department of Homeland Security to grant clemency for international students so the University can close.[22] On March 7, there were five more presumptive positive cases of COVID-19, bringing the total to 13.[23] Among those cases was the index case in Berkshire County, a man in his 60s from Clarksburg whose infection could not be traced.[24]
On March 8, the MDPH reported 15 more presumptive cases of COVID-19,[21] all of which were individuals present at the Biogen conference,[19] bringing the total to 28.[1] In response to the outbreak, Biogen ordered all its employees to work from home.[25] The fifteen new presumptive cases included five from Suffolk County, five from Middlesex County, four from Norfolk County, and one whose county of residence was unknown.[26] On March 9, there were 13 new presumptive cases, bringing the total number of confirmed or presumptive cases in Massachusetts to 41.[27] Officials in North Carolina reported that five residents of Wake County tested positive for COVID-19; all five were participants in the previous week's Biogen conference in Boston.[28] The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced that all large lectures would be held online only.[3][29]
March 10–11
On March 10, the state reported 50 new cases of coronavirus, bringing the total to 92.[30] Harvard University announced that its classes would be online-only for the rest of the spring semester.[31][32][33] The University of Massachusetts Boston informed faculty that they should prepare to teach remotely.[34] Amherst College, located in Western Massachusetts, instructed students on spring break to not return to campus, and moved all classes online for the remainder of the semester.[35] Emerson College, Tufts University, Babson College, Smith College, and Wheaton College all canceled in-person classes and moved classes online.[36] A man in Sudbury tested "presumptive positive" for COVID-19.[37] The first case in Essex County was also reported.[38]
On March 11, several schools were closed including Hopkinton Public Schools, Loker Elementary and Wayland Middle School, and Clark Avenue Middle School.[39] Northeastern University and Boston University moved to online classes.[36][40][41] Williams College announced it would end in-person classes on Friday, March 13 and move to remote learning as of Monday, April 6.[42] Boston College moved all classes online, and all students were told to vacate their dorms by March 15.[43] All University of Massachusetts classes moved online until at least April 3.[36]
March 12–13
On March 12, there were 108 people in Massachusetts with confirmed or presumptive cases of COVID-19. Among those cases, 82 (75% of the total) were associates or employees of Biogen.[44] Governor Baker noted that the state had currently tested over 200 patients and had the capacity to test up to 5,000.[45] The Boston Marriott Long Wharf hotel, which hosted a Biogen company gathering linked to a majority of the coronavirus cases in Massachusetts, closed temporarily. In a letter to guests on Thursday, the hotel said it made the decision with the Boston Public Health Commission.[46][47] Acton-Boxborough announced school closures from March 13 until March 20.[48]
On March 13, the Boston Marathon was postponed from April 20, until September 14.[49] A few hours later, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker prohibited gatherings of more than 250 people. The measure was targeted at large events and exempted most workplaces, transit buildings, polling locations, government buildings, and schools.[50] Cardinal O'Malley announced that all daily and Sunday Masses, and other religious services would be suspended in the Archdiocese of Boston until further notice amid concerns about COVID-19.[51] In addition, Boston Mayor Marty Walsh announced that Boston Public Schools would be closed starting on Tuesday, March 17 until April 27.[52] The MDPH announced that there were 123 cases of COVID-19 in Massachusetts.[1][53] Woburn announced that a presumptive positive case in the city had been confirmed as negative.[54]
March 14–15
On March 14, Cape Cod (Barnstable County) confirmed its first case,[55][56] a man in his 60s from Sandwich.[57] There were 15 new cases, bringing the total number of confirmed or presumptive cases of COVID-19 in Massachusetts to 138.[1] Officials in Worcester and Malden both announced their respective cities' first confirmed case of COVID-19, both linked to Biogen.[58][59][60] Of the state's 138 cases, 104 (75%) could be traced to employees or contacts of Biogen.[1]
A 59-year-old Worcester man died on a flight from Dubai to Boston.[61] He had been sick with gastrointestinal problems and was in cardiac arrest during the flight. On March 16, Massachusetts State Police said that an autopsy revealed he did not have COVID-19.[62]
On March 15, Baker ordered all public and private schools in Massachusetts closed for three weeks from March 17, through April 7. The same day, he also banned eating at restaurants, banned gatherings of over 25 people, relaxed unemployment claim requirements, and enacted other interventions through April 17 to slow the spread of COVID-19.[7] The Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) announced that 799 residents had been tested for COVID-19, up from 475 one day prior.[63] There were 164 total cases; 45 confirmed and 119 presumptive. Hampden and Plymouth counties had their first cases.[1] Plymouth County's first case, in Hanover, resulted from travel and the individual was doing well.[64] Hampden County's first case tested positive at Baystate Medical Center in Springfield; the hospital noted an additional 23 suspected cases.[65]
March 16–17
On March 16, a student at Northeastern University tested positive for COVID-19, one day after the university ordered all students to vacate dormitories by 5:00 p.m. on Tuesday, March 17.[66][67] Up to this point students were taking online classes but allowed to remain on University property.[68] Brockton announced its first case, and the mayor declared a state of emergency for the city.[69] The number of cases increased to 197.
Boston Mayor Marty Walsh ordered construction projects to shut down and be secured with at most skeleton crews by March 23, and that all branches of the Boston Public Library would close that night by 6:00 p.m.[70]
The MBTA announced that starting March 17, it would run subway and buses at Saturday levels of service during the week, with express buses still running, ferries not running, and commuter rail running on a modified schedule.[71] The next day, service was increased on the Blue Line, Green Line E branch (which serves Longwood Medical Center), and some bus lines to reduce crowding. Frequency on Massport shuttles to Logan International Airport were reduced or canceled.[72]
The Department of Public Health revised the criteria for recording COVID-19 cases. Per guidance from the CDC, all confirmed or presumptive positive cases are simply categorized as positive, and not differentiated.[1] The daily table published by the DPH also changed, whereas the category for cases associated with the Berkshire Medical Center was replaced with a category for local transmission.[note 1]
Biogen announced that it would donate $10 million to support global response efforts and communities around the world affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.[73]
On March 17, the reported number of coronavirus cases increased 21 from Monday to 218. The number of hospitalized patients with suspected or known infections quadrupled to 53 between March 16 and 17, as major hospitals began reusing protective gear or asking the public for donations of masks.[74]
March 18–21
On March 18, the number of cases increased to 256, an increase of 38. The number of cases where initial exposure was under investigation rose rapidly, whereas cases tracked to Biogen attendees and household contacts continued an overall mild decline.[note 2] On March 19, Governor Baker activated up to 2,000 Massachusetts National Guard to assist in the management of the pandemic.[75] The number of cases increased by 72, putting the total at 328, with 119 in Middlesex County.[76] Franklin and Hampshire counties—both in Western Massachusetts and the last non-island counties—had their first confirmed cases of COVID-19.[1] The Boston Celtics announced that shooting guard Marcus Smart tested positive for COVID-19 and was in isolation while in treatment.[77]
On March 20, Massachusetts experienced its first death due to COVID-19. The fatality was an 87-year-old man from Suffolk County, hospitalized and with preexisting health conditions.[78][79] Massachusetts authorities announced that 85 new cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in the state bringing the total infections to 413.[80] Of the total cases, 144 were in Middlesex County. Martha's Vineyard in Dukes County had its first case, a 50-year-old man in Tisbury.[81][82] This brought coronavirus to 13 of 14 counties in Massachusetts.[80] Harvard University declared that its 369th Commencement Exercises would be postponed.[83] The cities of Somerville and Cambridge closed non-essential businesses.[84][85]
On March 21, the Massachusetts Department of Corrections (DOC) announced the first confirmed case of COVID-19 among its inmate population. According to officials at MTC Bridgewater, a male inmate who was serving a life sentence tested positive. Massachusetts DOC noted this was the only known case of COVID-19 in its inmate population.[86] The number of cases increased by 112 to 525 statewide.[87] Governor Baker announced that 5,207 people had been tested for COVID-19 in Massachusetts through state and commercial laboratories.[88] That night the state announced its second death due to COVID-19, a woman from Middlesex County in her 50s with a preexisting health condition.[89][90] Nantucket County, the last county in Massachusetts to do so, reported its first coronavirus case.[91] In order to reduce contact between drivers and customers, the MBTA began rear-door boarding on surface stops for buses, the Green Line, and the Mattapan Trolley, except for passengers with disabilities who need to use the front door.[92]
March 22–25
On March 22, Nantucket issued a shelter in place order starting March 23 and ending on April 6. It will not be a full lockdown, as essential services will remain open.[93] Governor Baker instructed people on mainland Massachusetts with second homes in Nantucket and Dukes County to stay on the mainland.[94] The number of cases increased 121 to reach 646 statewide, with nearly 200 in Middlesex County.[95] Three new deaths were reported by Massachusetts DPH, two men, both in their 70s, from Hampden and Berkshire counties, and a man in his 90s from Suffolk County.[note 3][96]
On March 23, Governor Baker announced his stay-at-home advisory effective March 24 until April 7. Nonessential businesses are ordered to close physical workplaces. People are allowed to go out to obtain essential goods and services such as groceries and medicines, but social distancing protocols should be followed.[8] The number of cases increased 131 to 777 on March 23. Four new deaths were attributed to COVID-19.[note 4]
On March 24, the number of cases jumped 382 to 1,159, with two new deaths attributed to COVID-19.[note 5] This unusually large jump in cases (49%, versus 20-28% in the previous five days) was attributable to Quest Laboratories processing 3,843 tests in one day, yielding 267 of the state's 382 new positive results.[1]
On March 25, the number of cases jumped 679 to 1838, an increase of 59%. Four new deaths were reported by Massachusetts DPH.[97] Governor Baker declared schools closed until May 4.[9] The Commissioner of Public Health issued emergency regulations for grocery stores and pharmacies. A daily senior shopping hour, checkout line distancing markers, hand washing and sanitizer for employees, disinfecting wipes for customers to use on carts, and a ban on reusable bags became mandatory, overriding local bans on single-used plastic bags and eliminating bag fees. Self-service food stations were ordered closed, and regular sanitization was required.[98]
March 26–31
On March 26, the number of cases increased by 579 to a total of 2,417. 10 more deaths were attributed to COVID-19.[note 6][99] On March 27, 823 new cases were reported, with the total increasing to 3,240. Another 10 people died, putting the number of deaths at 35.[100] The state extended the tax filing deadline to July 15 and announced new travel guidelines.[101][102][103] State officials announced that the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Commissioner, Monica Bharel, had tested positive for COVID-19, had mild symptoms, and would recover at home.[104] On March 28, over 1000 new cases and 9 new deaths were reported, putting the total number of cases at 4,257. The number of deaths increased to 44.[105]
On March 29, 4 new deaths and 698 new cases were reported, with the total number of cases increasing to 4,955. The number of deaths increased to 48.[note 7]
On March 30, 797 new cases put the total at 5,752. The death toll increased to 56.[106] The state also announced that it has conducted almost 43,000 tests of Massachusetts residents with Quest Diagnostics having conducted 21,321 or almost half of the total tests administered.[note 8] A potential cluster of COVID-19 cases was reported in Holyoke, Massachusetts at Soldiers' Home, a nursing facility that cares for retired members of the military. Eleven residents had recently died, and another 11 residents along with several staff members had tested positive for COVID-19.[107] Later that evening, the MBTA announced that 18 transit workers had tested positive for COVID-19.[108] In addition, the Boston Police Department confirmed that 19 uniformed officers and three civilian employees had all tested positive for COVID-19.[109]
On March 31, 868 new cases were reported, putting the running total at 6,620. 33 new deaths were reported, with the total jumping to 89.[note 9]
April
April 1–3
Governor Baker appointed an independent investigator to examine the outbreak of COVID-19 at the Soldiers’ Home nursing facility in Holyoke.[110] Holyoke Mayor Alex Morse accused the nursing facility of mismanagement and lack of transparency in the events surrounding the outbreak and its resulting 12 fatalities.[111][112] The Archdiocese of Boston announced that 8 Catholic priests had tested positive for the disease. [113] There were 1,118 new cases confirmed, raising the total to 7,738. The number of deaths in the state due to COVID-19 increased by 33, for a total of 122 deaths.[114]
On April 2, more than 500 health care workers in Boston hospitals were reported to have tested positive for COVID-19.[115][116][117] Three more residents of Holyoke Soldiers' Home died, bringing that outbreak's total deaths to 18.[118] There were 1,228 new confirmed cases across the state for a total of 8,966. Deaths due to the disease increased by 32, to 154.[119]
On April 3, another 1,436 new cases put the total at 10,402. Deaths due to COVID-19 increased by 38, to 192.[120] Holyoke Medical Center announced that a total of 21 residents of the Soldier's Home in Holyoke have recently died with at least 15 having tested positive for COVID-19. [121] According to officials a total of 59 residents have tested positive for COVID-19.[122][123] According to officials in Norwood, Massachusetts at least 15 people have died at the Charlwell House Health and Rehabilitation Center with at least 7 of them having test positive for COVID-19. Officials with the nursing facility acknowledged that have only been able to get 20 individuals tested for COVID-19 out of the over 200 residents and staff at the facility. [124] AdviniaCare a nursing facility located in Wilmington, Massachusetts which had been slated to be converted to temporary recovery center for COVID-19 patients, announced that 51 of 98 residents had tested positive for the respiratory illness, and that it would temporarily halt plans to transition its facilitates into a recovery center. AdviniaCare had been selected as a site for a COVID-19 recovery center for Boston area COVID-19 patients who were contagious but had recovered sufficiently to be discharged out of the Intensive Care Units of Boston area Hospitals. [125]
April 4
On April 4, another 1,334 new cases put the total at 11,736. 24 new deaths were reported, as the number reached 216.[126]
Epidemiology
Diagrams
- Massachusetts COVID-19 cases by category as of April 2
-
Total reported cases -
Total tests, by laboratory -
![Cases by exposure[note 10]](/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Massachusetts_COVID-19_cases_by_exposure.svg/364px-Massachusetts_COVID-19_cases_by_exposure.svg.png)
Cases by exposure[note 10] -
Cases by percent hospitalized -
Cases by age group -
Cases by county as of April 201–99100–499500–19992000–4999≥ 5000
![Cases by exposure[note 10]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Massachusetts_COVID-19_cases_by_exposure.svg)
Initial exposures and spread
The index case of COVID-19 in Massachusetts was reported on February 1, 2020 in Boston. The patient, a man in his 20s and University of Massachusetts Boston student, had recently returned to Boston from Wuhan, China.[10] The second case in Massachusetts was reported on March 2. The patient was a woman in her 20s from Norfolk County, who had recently traveled to Italy with a school group from Saint Raphael Academy in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.[14] After a month of stasis, cases began growing rapidly on March 5, with most traceable to a Biogen conference held in at the Marriott Long Wharf hotel in Boston from February 26–28.[note 11]
Exposure clusters were reported from mid to late March. Local transmission began being reported on March 16, slightly exceeding cases related to travel.[note 12] An outbreak cluster of untraced origin in Berkshire Medical Center in Western Massachusetts was briefly tracked from March 11 through March 15. Cases that had been contact-traced to Biogen plateaued on March 13, and were surpassed by local transmissions on March 23. Cases of unknown exposure surpassed those of known exposure on March 19, then grew rapidly. When the Massachusetts Department of Public Health ceased updating statistics on exposure on March 27, there were 99 cases traced to Biogen, 163 cases of local transmission, 93 cases related to travel, and 2,885 cases where initial exposure was under investigation.[note 13]
The disease went undetected after entering Boston in Suffolk County in early February. It then re-emerged in early March and spread to the state's remaining 13 counties within three weeks. Suffolk County had its first reported case on February 1,[10] Norfolk County on March 2,[14] Middlesex County on March 6,[note 14] Berkshire County on March 7,[24] Essex County on March 10,[38] Barnstable and Worcester counties on March 14,[55][59] Hampden and Plymouth counties on March 15,[65][64] Franklin and Hampshire counties on March 19,[note 2] Dukes County on March 20,[81] and Nantucket County on March 21.[91]
Tests
Massachusetts had done 56,608 tests for COVID-19 as of April 2, 2020, averaging 4,712 tests per day over the last week. This translated to a total of 8,157 and daily average of 679 tests per million people.[note 15] Tests were conducted by the Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory and over 16 other organizations.[note 16]
Hospitalizations
Between 6% and 14% of COVID-19 cases in Massachusetts were known to be hospitalized.[note 17] The first 4 hospitalizations were reported on March 9.[note 18] The number of hospitalizations surpassed 10 on March 12,[note 19] 100 on March 25,[note 8] and 500 on March 31.[note 9] The number of cases with unknown hospitalization status exceeded those with a known status on March 23.[note 20]
Deaths
Deaths due to COVID-19 were concentrated among the elderly. As of April 2, 128 of 154 (83%) COVID-19 deaths in Massachusetts were in patients aged 70 or older.[note 21] The state's first death due to COVID-19 was on March 20. The patient was a 87-year-old man from Suffolk County, hospitalized and with preexisting health conditions.[78][79]
Cases by category
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health published daily updates on COVID-19 in Massachusetts, beginning on March 6, 2020. Local media and the state also published intermittent reports beforehand.
| Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Massachusetts[1] | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Exposure | Tests | Hospitalization | Deaths | |||||||||||||||
| Date | Confirmed
|
Change
|
% change
|
Presumptive
|
CDC confirmed
|
Biogen
|
Local
|
Travel
|
Unknown
|
Total
|
Change
|
% change
|
Yes
|
No
|
Unknown
|
Total
|
Change
|
% change
|
Source |
| February 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | [10] | ||||||||||||||
| ... | 1 | 1 | 0% | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| March 2 | 2 | +1 | +100% | 1 | 1 | 2 | [14] | ||||||||||||
| ... | 2 | 0 | 0% | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| March 5 | 3 | +1 | +50% | 2 | 1 | 2 | [127] | ||||||||||||
| March 6 | 8 | +5 | +166% | 7 | 1 | 2 | [note 22] | ||||||||||||
| March 7 | 13 | +5 | +62% | 12 | 1 | 2 | [note 23] | ||||||||||||
| March 8 | 28 | +15 | +115% | 27 | 1 | 2 | [note 24] | ||||||||||||
| March 9 | 41 | +13 | +46% | 40 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 37 | [note 19] | ||||||||||
| March 10 | 92 | +51 | +124% | 91 | 1 | 70 | 2 | 4 | 18 | 6 | 62 | 24 | [note 25] | ||||||
| March 11 | 95 | +3 | +3% | 89 | 6 | 77 | 2 | 4 | 14 | 8 | 84 | 3 | [note 26] | ||||||
| March 12 | 108 | +13 | +14% | 102 | 6 | 82 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 10 | 89 | 9 | [note 18] | ||||||
| March 13 | 123 | +15 | +14% | 105 | 18 | 94 | 2 | 5 | 16 | 10 | 101 | 12 | [note 14] | ||||||
| March 14 | 138 | +15 | +12% | 119 | 19 | 104 | 2 | 5 | 21 | 11 | 105 | 22 | [note 27] | ||||||
| March 15 | 164 | +26 | +19% | 119 | 45 | 108 | 2 | 13 | 35 | 13 | 115 | 36 | [note 28] | ||||||
| March 16 | 197 | +33 | +20% | 100 | 28 | 18 | 51 | 1296 | 14 | 123 | 60 | [note 12] | |||||||
| March 17 | 218 | +21 | +11% | 102 | 33 | 24 | 59 | 1751 | +455 | +26% | 21 | 145 | 52 | [note 29] | |||||
| March 18 | 256 | +38 | +17% | 97 | 38 | 26 | 95 | 2271 | +520 | +23% | 27 | 151 | 78 | [note 2] | |||||
| March 19 | 328 | +72 | +28% | 97 | 46 | 34 | 151 | 3132 | +861 | +27% | 43 | 160 | 125 | [note 30] | |||||
| March 20 | 413 | +85 | +26% | 97 | 63 | 49 | 204 | 4091 | +959 | +23% | 58 | 199 | 156 | 1 | [note 31] | ||||
| March 21 | 525 | +112 | +27% | 97 | 69 | 53 | 306 | 5207 | +1116 | +21% | 61 | 215 | 249 | 2 | 1 | 100% | [note 32] | ||
| March 22 | 646 | +121 | +23% | 99 | 83 | 68 | 396 | 6004 | +797 | +13% | 71 | 263 | 312 | 5 | +3 | +150% | [note 3] | ||
| March 23 | 777 | +131 | +20% | 99 | 104 | 75 | 499 | 8922 | +2918 | +33% | 79 | 286 | 412 | 9 | +4 | +80% | [note 4] | ||
| March 24 | 1159 | +382 | +49% | 99 | 120 | 86 | 854 | 13755 | +4833 | +35% | 94 | 313 | 752 | 11 | +2 | +22% | [note 5] | ||
| March 25 | 1838 | +679 | +59% | 99 | 146 | 92 | 1501 | 19794 | +6039 | +31% | 103 | 350 | 1385 | 15 | +4 | +36% | [note 33] | ||
| March 26 | 2417 | +579 | +32% | 99 | 163 | 93 | 2062 | 23621 | +3827 | +16% | 219 | 366 | 1832 | 25 | +10 | +67% | [note 6] | ||
| March 27 | 3240 | +823 | +34% | 99 | 163 | 93 | 2885 | 29371 | +5691 | +19% | 288 | 999 | 1953 | 35 | +10 | +40% | [note 13] | ||
| March 28 | 4257 | +1017 | +31% | 35049 | +5678 | +19% | 350 | 1226 | 2681 | 44 | +9 | +26% | [note 20] | ||||||
| March 29 | 4955 | +698 | +16% | 39066 | +4017 | +11% | 399 | 1405 | 3151 | 48 | +4 | +9% | [note 7] | ||||||
| March 30 | 5752 | +797 | +16% | 42793 | +3727 | +9% | 453 | 1603 | 3696 | 56 | +8 | +17% | [note 8] | ||||||
| March 31 | 6620 | +868 | +15% | 46935 | +4142 | +9% | 562 | 1941 | 4117 | 89 | +33 | +59% | [note 9] | ||||||
| April 1 | 7738 | +1118 | +17% | 51738 | +4803 | +10% | 682 | 2340 | 4716 | 122 | +33 | +37% | [note 16] | ||||||
| April 2 | 8966 | +1228 | +16% | 56608 | +4870 | +9% | 813 | 2684 | 5469 | 154 | +32 | +26% | [note 34] | ||||||
| April 3 | 10402 | +1436 | +16% | 62962 | +6354 | +11% | 966 | 3063 | 6373 | 192 | +38 | +25% | [note 35] | ||||||
| April 4 | 11736 | +1334 | +13% | 68800 | +5838 | +9% | 1068 | 3378 | 7290 | 216 | +24 | +13% | [note 36] | ||||||
| Date | Confirmed
|
Change
|
% change
|
Presumptive
|
CDC confirmed
|
Biogen
|
Local
|
Travel
|
Unknown
|
Total
|
Change
|
% change
|
Yes
|
No
|
Unknown
|
Total
|
Change
|
% change
|
Source |
| Total | Exposure | Tests | Hospitalization | Deaths | |||||||||||||||
Cases by county
Most COVID-19 cases were traced to a county by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Mass. DPH releases an updated form with this data daily. This table counts cases on a rolling day by day basis instead of cumulative.
| Massachusetts COVID-19 cases by county[1] | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Unknown
|
Source | ||||||||||||||
| February 1 | 1 | [128] | ||||||||||||||
| ... | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| March 2 | 1 | 1 | [129] | |||||||||||||
| ... | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| March 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | [130] | ||||||||||||
| March 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | [131] | ||||||||||||
| March 7 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | [132] | |||||||||||
| March 8 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | [133] | ||||||||||
| March 9 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 1 | [note 19] | |||||||||
| March 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 41 | 22 | 20 | 1 | [note 25] | ||||||||
| March 11 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 44 | 23 | 19 | 1 | [note 26] | ||||||||
| March 12 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 49 | 24 | 22 | 1 | 1 | [note 18] | |||||||
| March 13 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 60 | 24 | 26 | 2 | [note 14] | ||||||||
| March 14 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 65 | 28 | 27 | 2 | [note 27] | |||||||
| March 15 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 75 | 31 | 1 | 31 | 6 | 2 | [note 28] | ||||
| March 16 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 83 | 36 | 3 | 36 | 6 | 10 | [note 12] | ||||
| March 17 | 2 | 14 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 89 | 43 | 5 | 42 | 8 | 1 | [note 29] | ||||
| March 18 | 2 | 17 | 5 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 100 | 45 | 5 | 51 | 10 | 4 | [note 2] | |||
| March 19 | 5 | 18 | 6 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 119 | 52 | 5 | 72 | 14 | 13 | [note 30] | ||
| March 20 | 9 | 20 | 6 | 29 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 144 | 64 | 11 | 86 | 19 | 19 | [note 31] | ||
| March 21 | 11 | 21 | 14 | 1 | 41 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 177 | 69 | 20 | 108 | 24 | 26 | [note 32] | |
| March 22 | 24 | 23 | 24 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 12 | 4 | 199 | 75 | 25 | 126 | 37 | 34 | [note 3] | |
| March 23 | 30 | 26 | 25 | 1 | 73 | 2 | 15 | 6 | 232 | 82 | 32 | 154 | 42 | 57 | [note 4] | |
| March 24 | 40 | 37 | 31 | 2 | 118 | 5 | 24 | 8 | 304 | 129 | 64 | 234 | 73 | 90 | [note 5] | |
| March 25 | 51 | 71 | 67 | 3 | 177 | 14 | 45 | 11 | 446 | 222 | 101 | 342 | 129 | 159 | [note 33] | |
| March 26 | 67 | 73 | 90 | 3 | 247 | 16 | 55 | 17 | 538 | 292 | 138 | 448 | 166 | 267 | [note 6] | |
| March 27 | 100 | 105 | 129 | 4 | 350 | 24 | 90 | 20 | 685 | 393 | 187 | 631 | 219 | 303 | [note 13] | |
| March 28 | 133 | 119 | 179 | 8 | 472 | 39 | 183 | 30 | 842 | 490 | 272 | 843 | 291 | 356 | [note 20] | |
| March 29 | 148 | 151 | 208 | 8 | 570 | 41 | 201 | 37 | 981 | 548 | 325 | 940 | 337 | 460 | [note 7] | |
| March 30 | 173 | 162 | 263 | 8 | 653 | 49 | 255 | 46 | 1141 | 628 | 380 | 1115 | 390 | 489 | [note 8] | |
| March 31 | 191 | 171 | 306 | 8 | 784 | 61 | 354 | 69 | 1340 | 738 | 459 | 1373 | 433 | 333 | [note 9] | |
| April 1 | 255 | 183 | 366 | 11 | 885 | 72 | 475 | 81 | 1582 | 829 | 561 | 1624 | 563 | 251 | [note 16] | |
| April 2 | 283 | 213 | 424 | 12 | 1039 | 85 | 546 | 102 | 1870 | 938 | 621 | 1896 | 667 | 270 | [note 34] | |
| April 3 | 314 | 240 | 517 | 16 | 1238 | 89 | 661 | 114 | 2202 | 1045 | 745 | 2183 | 825 | 213 | [note 35] | |
| April 4 | 330 | 253 | 601 | 16 | 1400 | 95 | 733 | 125 | 2468 | 1199 | 898 | 2429 | 915 | 274 | [note 36] | |
| Date | Barnstable
|
Berkshire
|
Bristol
|
Dukes and Nantucket
|
Essex
|
Franklin
|
Hampden
|
Hampshire
|
Middlesex
|
Norfolk
|
Plymouth
|
Suffolk
|
Worcester
|
Unknown
|
Source | |
| County pop | 213,413 | 126,348 | 564,022 | 28,679 | 790,638 | 70,963 | 470,406 | 161,355 | 1,614,714 | 11,327 | 705,388 | 518,132 | 807,252 | 830,839 | ||
Government response
Citing the rapid increase in cases, Governor Charlie Baker declared a state of emergency for Massachusetts on March 10.[134][135] During a press conference on March 14, 2020, Governor Baker established an emergency command center, with multiple state departments working with contact with one another, Baker also promised an expansion of statewide lab testing.[136]
On March 15, Governor Baker banned all public gatherings of over 25 people, closed all K-12 public schools from March 17 through April 7, and banned on-site service at bars and restaurants for the same period.[137] On March 25, Governor Baker ordered all schools and childcare services to be closed through May 4, extending the original length by 3 weeks.[138]
On March 27, Governor Baker asked travelers from out of state to avoid Massachusetts or to self-quarantine upon arrival for 14 days. Electronic highway signs were activated, and arrivals at Logan International Airport, Worcester Regional Airport, and South Station Boston were given flyers.[139] Medical students were graduated early, and emergency orders were issued giving some nurses with more than two years of experience to write prescriptions, and granting incoming medical residents and interns 90-day medical licenses.[139]
On March 23, Governor Baker announced his stay-at-home advisory effective March 24 until April 7, which was extended to May 4 on March 31.[8] Starting March 31 extension, hotels, motels and online rentals like AirBNB were ordered to close to recreational travelers, being reserved for essential workers and displaced residents.[140] The DCU Center was set up as a field hospital for recovering COVID-19 patients, overseen by UMass Memorial Medical Center.[141]
Economic and social effects
The sudden surge of cases in Massachusetts during the week of March 9, led to many organizations ordering workers to work from home and closures of museums and libraries, leading to a noticeable decline of Boston's notorious rush hour traffic. In some cases, drive times for major highways during Boston's rush hour dropped by 30 to 50 percent.[142] Panic buying, especially since the week of March 11, led to shortages of various products, with many shoppers and long lines at grocery stores as early in the day as 7:00 a.m.[143] In response, some grocery retailers such as Stop & Shop adjusted their hours to allow employees more time to restock and to offer older and more vulnerable people a separate time where they can shop separately, but reminded shoppers to practice distancing. [citation needed] Later on, grocery stores would implement more strict measures, including limiting the amount of people inside the store at a given time, and marking queues to maintain social distancing. Parks would later come under scrutiny after people were not following social distancing, which resulted in the shutdown of many parks and playgrounds. Some cities as far as to remove, barricade, and block off basketball hoops and other amenities. Beaches and their respective parking lots were also ordered closed to reduce the amount of people congregating.
As of 1 April, six deaths have been reported at Jack Satter House in Revere, a nursing home run by Hebrew Senior Life. Other nursing homes are also reporting confirmed cases.[144][145]
School closures
School closures began in early March, starting on March 9, when MIT announced it was moving to only-online classes for the remainder of the spring semester.[3] Also, on March 9, two elementary schools in the Plainville school district and one in Arlington were closed for the day due to tests being conducted on two parents and one child.[146] School districts began closing on March 11. Within a week, many colleges and state school districts announced closures ranging from weeks to months in duration.[5][6]
Wellesley and Framingham closed their public schools and libraries for two weeks on March 13.[147][148][149][150] Also on March 13, Boston announced that its public schools close for six weeks from Tuesday, March 17 through April 26.[151]
On March 15, Governor Baker ordered all schools in Massachusetts closed for three weeks from March 17 through April 7.[7] On March 25, Governor Baker extended the order with schools to open no sooner than May 4.[152]
Sports
Most of the state's sports teams were affected. Several leagues began postponing or suspending their seasons starting March 12. Major League Baseball canceled the remainder of spring training on that date, and on March 16, they announced that the season would be postponed indefinitely, after the recommendations from the CDC to restrict events of more than 50 people for the next eight weeks, affecting the Boston Red Sox.[153] Also on March 12, the National Basketball Association announced the season would be suspended for 30 days, affecting the Boston Celtics.[154] Boston Celtics player Marcus Smart announced on March 18 that he had tested positive for COVID-19, having been tested five days prior.[155] In the National Hockey League, the season was suspended for an indefinite amount of time, affecting the Boston Bruins.[156]
The 2020 Boston Marathon, which was originally scheduled to take place on April 20, was postponed to September 14. This was the first postponement of the Boston Marathon since it was first held in 1897.[157]
In college sports, the National Collegiate Athletic Association canceled all winter and spring tournaments, most notably the Division I men's and women's basketball tournaments, affecting colleges and universities statewide.[158] On March 16, the National Junior College Athletic Association also canceled the remainder of the winter seasons as well as the spring seasons.[159]
Notes
- ^ Compare documents in notes for "MDPH 3/15" and "MDPH 3/16"
- ^ a b c d "MDPH 3/18". Archived from the original on March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; March 18, 2020 suggested (help)CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-22-2020/download
- ^ a b c https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-23-2020/download
- ^ a b c https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-24-2020/download
- ^ a b c https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-26-2020/download
- ^ a b c https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-29-2020/download
- ^ a b c d https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-30-2020/download
- ^ a b c d https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-31-2020/download
- ^ Massachusetts Department of Public Health last reported contact tracing on March 27.
- ^ See Cases by category table.
- ^ a b c "MDPH 3/16". Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-27-2020/download
- ^ a b c "MDPH 3/13". Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ See counts in Cases by county table. Divide total and average by 6,939,373, the state's population as of 2019, and multiply quotient by 1,000,000.
- ^ a b c https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-april-1-2020/download
- ^ See "Cases by percent hospitalized" diagram.
- ^ a b c "MDPH 3/12". Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c "MDPH 3/9". Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-28-2020/download
- ^ See "Deaths by age group" chart.
- ^ "MDPH 3/6". Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "MDPH 3/7". Archived from the original on March 8, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "MDPH 3/8". Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "MDPH 3/10". Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "MDPH 3/11" (PDF). Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "MDPH 3/14". Archived from the original on March 15, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "MDPH 3/15" (PDF). Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "MDPH 3/17". Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; March 17, 2020 suggested (help)CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "MDPH 3/19". Archived from the original on March 20, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; March 19, 2020 suggested (help)CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "MDPH 3/20". Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; March 20, 2020 suggested (help)CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b "MDPH 3/21". Retrieved March 21, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-march-25-2020/download
- ^ a b https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-april-2-2020/download
- ^ a b https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-april-3-2020/download
- ^ a b https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-april-4-2020/download
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- ^ "Near tripling of employee coronavirus infections in largest Massachusetts hospitals in past week - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com.
- ^ Saccone, Mike (March 30, 2020). "BREAKING: More than 500 healthcare workers in Massachusetts have tested positive for COVID-19, according to a tally I've been keeping. The 5 hospitals with the most cases are listed below. #Boston25pic.twitter.com/pz8wo0Wmlf".
- ^ "18 veterans now confirmed dead at Soldiers' Home in Holyoke". April 2, 2020.
- ^ https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-april-2-2020/download
- ^ https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-april-3-2020/download
- ^ https://twitter.com/mikesacconetv/status/1246140619883413509
- ^ https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/04/03/21-veterans-die-at-holyoke-soldiers-home-15-confirmed-for-coronavirus/
- ^ https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/04/03/nation/years-understaffing-mismanagement-set-deadly-stage-coronavirus-outbreak-holyoke-soldiers-home-employees-say/
- ^ https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/04/03/deaths-at-nursing-homes-in-norwood-littleton-linked-to-coronavirus/
- ^ https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/04/03/metro/51-residents-positive-coronavirus-wilmington-nursing-home-despite-having-no-symptoms/
- ^ https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-cases-in-massachusetts-as-of-april-4-2020/download
- ^ Waller, John. "Mass. health officials announce 3rd coronavirus case in state".
- ^ https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2020/03/02/norfolk-country-coronavirus-covid-19-massachusetts
- ^ https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2020/03/02/norfolk-country-coronavirus-covid-19-massachusetts
- ^ https://www.boston.com/news/health/2020/03/05/3rd-coronavirus-case-massachusetts
- ^ https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2020/03/06/there-are-now-8-cases-of-coronavirus-in-massachusetts
- ^ https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2020/03/07/mass-reports-new-coronavirus-cases-saturday
- ^ https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2020/03/08/massachusetts-covid-19-new-coronavirus-cases
- ^ "Gov. Baker declares state of emergency as Mass. coronavirus cases more than double". WCVB. March 10, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
- ^ Locke, Kaitlyn (March 10, 2020). "Baker Declares State Of Emergency; 92 Total Coronavirus Cases in Massachusetts". WGBH News. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
- ^ "State figures on testing raise questions about efforts to contain outbreak - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com.
- ^ "Gov. Baker bans gatherings of over 25 people, orders school closure, restaurants take-out only". WCVB. March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
- ^ Office of Governor Charlie Baker and Lt. Governor Karyn Polito (March 25, 2020). "Baker-Polito Administration Announces Extension of School and Non-Emergency Child Care Program Closures and Steps to Ensure Housing Stability To Support COVID-19 Response". Mass.gov.
- ^ a b "Baker Asks Visitors To Self-Isolate For Two Weeks — Or Not Come At All". www.wbur.org.
- ^ "Baker-Polito Administration Extends Non-Essential Business Closures and Executive Branch Employee Guidance". Mass.gov.
- ^ "Worcester's DCU Center Will Become 250-Bed Field Hospital For Stable COVID-19 Patients". www.wbur.org.
- ^ "Coronavirus: Here's how much Boston's rush hour traffic has dropped | Boston.com". Boston.com.
- ^ "Store shelves picked clean as people panic-buy goods at local supermarkets – The Boston Globe". The Boston Globe.
- ^ "Boston-area senior housing community with Jewish ties reports 6 coronavirus deaths". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "Coronavirus cases at senior centers and nursing homes in Massachusetts are rising: 'It's a hot zone' - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. April 1, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ Cuoco, John (March 9, 2020). "Multiple Massachusetts schools closed Monday as coronavirus cases continue to rise". WHDH 7News. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
- ^ "WPS Update 3/13/2020". Wellesley Public Schools. March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
- ^ "Town of Wellesley COVID-19 Update 3/13/2020". Wellesley Public Schools. March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
- ^ "Framingham Library, Callahan Center, Loring Arena, and Public Schools to Close for a Minimum of Two Weeks Starting Friday, March 13". Framingham, MA. March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
- ^ "Framingham Library, Callahan Center, Loring Arena, and Public Schools to Close for a Minimum of Two Weeks Starting Friday, March 13". Framingham, MA (Press release). March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
- ^ "Boston Public Schools to close Tuesday, with plans to reopen April 27". The Boston Globe. March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
- ^ "Baker: schools to open no sooner than May 4th". www.westernmassnews.com. March 25, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ Feinsand, Mark (March 16, 2020). "Opening of regular season to be pushed back". MLB.com. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
- ^ "Silver: NBA hiatus likely to last 'at least' 30 days". ESPN.com. March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
- ^ "Celtics' Marcus Smart tests positive for coronavirus". WCVB. March 20, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
- ^ NHL statement on coronavirus NHL, March 12, 2020
- ^ "Boston Marathon postponed until Sept. 14 amid coronavirus concerns". ESPN. March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ NCAA cancels remaining winter and spring championships NCAA, March 12, 2020
- ^ NJCAA cancels spring sports, basketball nationals amid coronavirus outbreak MLive.com, March 16, 2020
External links
- Coronavirus information from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health
- "COVID-19 Information and Resources". Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education.
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- Current events from March 2020
- 2020 coronavirus pandemic in the United States by state
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