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Douglas McGregor

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This article is about the professor from MIT. For others named, see Douglas Macgregor (disambiguation).

Douglas Murray McGregor (1906 – 1 October 1964) was a management professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management and president of Antioch College from 1948 to 1954.[1] He also taught at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. His 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise had a profound influence on education practices.

Popo is a Raafat of Abraham Maslow. He has contributed much to the development of the management and motivational theory, and is best known for his Theory X and Theory Y as presented in his book ‘The Human Side of Enterprise’ (1960), which proposed that manager's individual assumptions about human nature and behaviour determined how individual manages their employees.[2]

Early Life & Education

McGregor was born in Detroit, Michigan on September 6,1906. to Murray James and Jessie Adelia McGregor. When he was young he volunteered in homeless shelters, played piano, and sang. [3] McGregor was born in Detroit. When McGregor was in high school, he worked for his family business McGregor Institute.[4] He earned a B.E. (Mechanical) from Rangoon Institute of Technology, a B. A. from Wayne State University in 1932, then earned an M.A. and Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard University in 1933 and 1935 respectively. McGregor originally dropped out of Wayne State to work as a gas station attendant in Buffalo, New York, and was a regional manager by 1930. When the McGregor Institute was given a grant by the Detroit Department of Public Works, McGregor returned to Wayne State to finish his degree in 1932.[5]

Career

He served as President of Antioch College Ohio from 1948 to 1954.

He later served as a member of the Antioch College Ohio Board of Trustees.[6]

Personal Life

He got married at age 19. [7] McGregor was very close to Abraham Maslow. In class, he had a very relaxed teaching style which led his students to enjoy his classes. He would often put his feet up on the desk and lecture at the same time. [8]In 1964, McGregor died at the age of 58 in Massachusetts. [9]

The Human Side of Enterprise

In the book The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor identified an approach of creating an environment within which employees are motivated via authoritative direction and control or integration and self-control, which he called theory X and theory Y,[10] respectively. He is responsible for breaking down previous management styles with The X and Y Theory which created a new role for managers to assume.[11] Theory Y is the practical application of Dr. Abraham Maslow's Humanistic School of Psychology, or Third Force psychology, applied to scientific management.[12]

He is commonly thought of as being a proponent of Theory Y, but, as Edgar Schein tells in his introduction to McGregor's subsequent, posthumous (1967), book The Professional Manager : "In my own contacts with Doug, I often found him to be discouraged by the degree to which theory Y had become as monolithic a set of principles as those of Theory X, the over-generalization which Doug was fighting....Yet few readers were willing to acknowledge that the content of Doug's book made such a neutral point or that Doug's own presentation of his point of view was that coldly scientific".[13]

Graham Cleverley in Managers & Magic (Longman's, 1971) comments: "...he coined the two terms Theory X and theory Y and used them to label two sets of beliefs a manager might hold about the origins of human behaviour. He pointed out that the manager's own behaviour would be largely determined by the particular beliefs that he subscribed to....McGregor hoped that his book would lead managers to investigate the two sets of beliefs, invent others, test out the assumptions underlying them, and develop managerial strategies that made sense in terms of those tested views of reality. "But that isn't what happened. Instead McGregor was interpreted as advocating Theory Y as a new and superior ethic - a set of moral values that ought to replace the values managers usually accept."[14]

The Human Side of Enterprise was voted the fourth most influential management book of the 20th century in a poll of the Fellows of the Academy of Management.[15]

Research Interests

McGregor's research focused on managerial leadership[5] and the ways in which employees are affected by the management styles of their superiors. His 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise focused on theory X and theory Y approaches to leadership. His 1967 book The Professional Manager[16] built upon the ideas presented in his first book, along with providing behavioral, social, and psychological aspects implications of the previous ideas.

Legacy

McGregor died, age 58, in Massachusetts. In 1964, the School of Adult and Experiential Learning at Antioch College was renamed the "McGregor School" in his honor. It was later renamed "Antioch University McGregor" and then "Antioch University Midwest."[17]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ "Presidents of Antioch". Antioch University. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  2. ^ Jeong Chun Hai @Ibrahim, & Nor Fadzlina Nawi. (2012). Principles of Public Administration: Malaysian Perspectives. Kuala Lumpur: Pearson Publishers. ISBN 978-967-349-233-6
  3. ^ Wren, Daniel (1998). Management Innovators: The People and Ideas That Have Shaped Modern Business. Oxford University Press.
  4. ^ "Douglas M. McGregor".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ a b "Douglas M. McGregor". Institute for Work & Employment Research. Retrieved 5 April 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "Douglas McGregor". Antioch University. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007.
  7. ^ "Biography of Douglas McGregor".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Douglas McGregor".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "Douglas M. McGregor".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ "The MIT 150: 150 Ideas, Inventions, and Innovators that Helped Shape Our World". The Boston Globe. 15 May 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  11. ^ Kopelman, Richard E.; Prottas, David J.; Davis, Anne L. (2008). "Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Y: Toward a Construct-valid Measure". Journal of Managerial Issues. 20 (2): 255–271. ISSN 1045-3695.
  12. ^ "Theories X and Y". The Economist. 2008-10-06. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  13. ^ McGregor, Douglas; Bennis, Warren G.; McGregor, Caroline (1970). The Professional Manager. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-094191-5.
  14. ^ Cleverley, Graham (1971). Managers and magic. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-10376-4.
  15. ^ Bedeian, Arthur G.; Wren, Daniel A. (Winter 2001). "Most Influential Management Books of the 20th Century" (PDF). Organizational Dynamics. 29 (3): 221–225. doi:10.1016/S0090-2616(01)00022-5.
  16. ^ McGregor, Douglas. ([1967]). The professional manager. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-045093-5. OCLC 228954. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ "Antioch University McGregor Now Antioch University Midwest". Antioch New England. 2010-08-03. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
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