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COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu

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COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu
Map of districts with confirmed cases
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationTamil Nadu, India
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseChennai
Arrival date7 March 2020
(4 years, 9 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
Active cases−3[note 1]
Fatality rate0%
Territories
All 37 districts[note 2]
Total ILI cases5[1]
Government website
stopcorona.tn.gov.in
Tamil Nadu COVID-19 Public dashboard

The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu was reported on 7 March 2020. The Department of Health and Family Welfare has confirmed a total of 19,372 cases, including 145 deaths and 10,548 recoveries, as of 28 May 2020.[2] Tamil Nadu has the second highest number of confirmed cases in India after Maharashtra. All 37 districts[note 2] of the state are affected by the pandemic, with capital district Chennai being the worst affected. More than half of the confirmed cases are from Chennai, which is also the most populous district of the state. The case fatality rate in the state is among the lowest in the country. As of 28 May 2020, the state has conducted 4,55,216 tests.

As per the Health Department, 88% of the patients are asymptomatic while 84% of deaths were among those with co-morbidities.[3][4] The initial surge in cases in the state was due to a cluster linked to a Tablighi Jamaat religious congregation event that took place in Delhi, which caused a spike in early April. A new local cluster in Koyambedu of Chennai has been identified which accounts for more than 35% of all cases in the state as of 14 May 2020.[5]

The state is under a lockdown since 25 March which was relaxed to an extent from 4 May onwards. The state government has responded to the outbreak by following a contact-tracing, testing and surveillance model.[6] After facing criticism for low number of tests in early March, the state had increased the total number of tests by almost seven times between 1–19 April.[7] The state has 66 laboratories approved by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), capable of conducting tests. Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India/Tamil Nadu medical cases chart

Timeline of events

See also: Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India

March

Major events in COVID19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu till 30 April
07 March First confirmed case
15 March Closure of commercial establishments, schools and colleges
20 March State borders closed
22 March Janta Curfew - Nation wide
24 March Section 144 imposed
25 March First reported death
Nationwide lockdown imposed till 14 April
31 March 100 confirmed cases
First case identified from Tablighi Jamaat cluster
11 April 10 reported deaths
12 April 1000 confirmed cases
14 April Nationwide lockdown extended till 3 May
15 April 100 reported recoveries
21 April 500 reported recoveries
25 April Reported recoveries surpassed active cases
26 April 1000 reported recoveries
28 April 25 reported deaths
2000 confirmed cases

The first case of coronavirus was confirmed on 7 March in a resident from Kanchipuram in Chennai. He had returned from Oman and started developing symptoms including fever and cough.[8] He was isolated in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital. Later, on 10 March, he recovered and tested negative.[9]

After more than a week without new cases, on 18 March, the second person who had travelled by train from Delhi to Chennai confirmed positive. He did not have any history of foreign travel and was described as a domestic case by the state health minister C. Vijayabaskar.[10]

On 19 March, a 21-year-old student who returned from Ireland tested positive.[11]

On 21 March, a further three were confirmed positive - A Chennai man who had travelled from New Zealand[12] and two Thailand nationals in Erode.[13] They were admitted to IRT Hospital in Perundurai in Erode. More than 300 people who had come in contact with the three patients were quarantined.[14]

On 25 March, the first virus-related death in the state was reported after a 54-year-old man in Madurai died.[15] Five others were infected - four Indonesians and their travel guide from Chennai.[16] The five were in quarantine since 22 March in Salem Medical College.[17]

On 28 March, a 21-year-old youth who had just returned from a trip to Dublin, Ireland was discharged from the hospital.[18] Two new cases - one each in Kumbakonam and Katpadi were reported. With this, the total number of confirmed cases had reached 40 in the state.[19]

On 29 March, the state reported eight more cases (four each from Coimbatore and Erode), all of which were linked to the two Thai nationals and their group who had tested positive. The eight included a 10-month-old baby.[20] The total number of confirmed cases reached 50.[21]

On 30 March, 17 new cases were reported, highest till date in the state[13] - 10 male patients from Erode, all of whom have travelled to Delhi were in contact with the Thailand tourists, 5 in Chennai and 1 each in Karur and Madurai.[22]

Chennai cop corona helmet
A police official in Chennai wearing a unique 'Corona' helmet to dissuade commuters from venturing out during the lockdown.

On 31 March, 57 new cases were reported, all with a history of travel predominately to Delhi, bringing the total to 124.[23] It was the highest single day rise till date. 50 of these cases were from Namakkal (18), Tirunelveli (22), Kanyakumari (4) Villupuram (3), Madurai (2) and Thoothukudi (1), all had travel history to Delhi.[24] Officials had discovered that at least 80 out of 124 confirmed cases (79 per cent) in Tamil Nadu were from one cluster as they are direct or indirect contact of the two Thai nationals who had tested positive for on 21 March.[23][25] The Thai nationals, identified as patients 5 and 6 were part of a large group from countries including Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc. who had visited the state for an annual pilgrimage.[25] This group had also attended a 3-day Tablighi Jamaat congregation in Nizamuddin Markaz mosque, New Delhi in early March.[26] It was estimated that more than 1,500 people from the state had participated in this event.[27] Officials also confirmed that the 54-year-old patient who had died the previous week had also participated in the gathering. Of 1,500 people who were in the gathering, 1,130 had returned to the state. The government had identified and isolated 515 of the 1,130 people.[23] It faced difficulty while trying to map the rest. It had urged people who attended the gathering to step forward and get tested.[27][28] Following this, the Nizamuddin Markaz emerged as a new virus hotspot.[29]

April

On 1 April, the state reported 110 new cases, all attended the Delhi Nizamuddin event. The total became 234.[30][31][32] Health Secretary Beela Rajesh said that 1103 out of 1500 attendees of the event had been traced and isolated. 658 of their samples had been tested of which,190 tested positive.[33] Some of the participants approached officials themselves after government's request.[32] Family members and close contacts were either taken to quarantine facilities or home quarantined.[34]

On 2 April, 75 new cases were reported, of which 74 of them attended Tablighi Jamaat in Delhi.[35]

On 3 April, 102 new cases were reported, of which 100 were Delhi event participants. Two others were from Chennai, one with co-morbid condition and one US-returnee.[36]

On 4 April, 74 new cases were reported, of which 69 were Delhi event participants, 4 were contacts of the event participants. One was from Chennai.[37][38] Two more deaths were reported, a 51 years old male who attended Tablighi Jamaat at Villupuram and a female at Theni Government hospital.[39]

On 5 April, 86 new cases were reported of which 85 are related to Delhi event directly or indirectly. A 71 year old from Ramanathapuram who died on Thursday was tested positive. A 60 year old also died in the same hospital as previous patient.[40] The Health department revealed that 1246 contacts of Tablighi Jamaat participants have been traced and isolated so far.[41]

On 6 April, 50 new cases were reported bringing the total cases to 621. 48 of them were returnees of Delhi event.[42] 101 people who attended a COVID-19 victim's burial were home-quarantined in Ramanathapuram. They were not aware of his condition as the test result returned positive after only two days his burial.[43]

On 7 April, 69 new cases were reported, of which 63 were related to Delhi event.[44]

On 8 April, 48 new cases were reported bringing total to 738. 42 of those are connected to Tablighi Jamaat in Delhi.[45] One among the 42 is a Malaysian national. Government had revealed that 1480 attendees of the Delhi event were traced and isolated. 1716 samples from them and their contacts were tested, of which 679 had returned positive.[46]

On 9 April, the state reported 96 new cases which brought the total cases to 834.[47]

On 10 April, 77 new cases were reported bringing total to 911. 70 of those are connected to Tablighi Jamaat in Delhi. 17 cases were clinically recovered, bringing the total recovered to 44.[48]

On 11 April, 58 new cases were reported bringing the total to 969 of which, 47 belonged to the Delhi cluster.[49] One more died in IRT Government Hospital at Perundurai in Erode, taking the death toll to 10. The state government revealed that it will decide on the lockdown extension based on Centre's announcement.[50]

On 12 April, 106 new cases were reported bringing the total to 1075.[51] One death was reported, a 45-year-old women died on previous day evening, she was undergoing treatment at a Government Hospital in Chennai.[52] The new infections were found in clusters in Chennai - where four were primary sources and Coimbatore - where two primary sources were identified. According to the health department, of the 106 new cases, 90 contracted the infection from them 16 people who had travel history.[53]

On 13 April, 98 new cases were reported bringing the total to 1173.[54]

On 14 April, 31 new cases were reported bringing the total to 1204. It was the lowest daily rise since 31 March.[55] A 96-year-old died, making the total of 12 deaths in the state.[56]

On 15 April, 38 new cases were reported in the state of which, 34 were related to Delhi cluster.[57] Deaths of two men were reported, a 47-year-old man with SARI in Stanley Government hospital, Chennai and a 59-year-old man in a private hospital, making the total of 14 deaths in the state.[58]

On 16 April, 25 new cases were reported bringing total to 1267. One death was reported making total of 15 deaths in the state[59]

On 17 April, 56 new cases were reported which brought the total to 1323.[60]

On 18 April, 49 new cases were reported which brought the total to 1372. 82 patients were discharged making total recovered cases as 365.[61][62] On 19 April, 105 new cases were reported, third highest daily increase till date. 46 patients were discharged making total recovered cases as 411.[63]

On 20 April, 43 new cases reported in Tamil Nadu bringing the total cases in Tamil Nadu to 1,520.[64] The infection rate in the state had dropped from 13% on 1 April 2020 to 3.6%.[7]

On 22 April, 33 new cases reported in Tamil Nadu bringing the total cases to 1,629. 27 patients were discharged making total discharged to 662. No death were reported for the day.[65]

On 23 April, Dharmapuri district reported its first COVID-19 case, 54 new cases were reported in the state bringing the total cases to 1,683. 2 more died. 90 patients were discharged making total discharged to 752.[66]

On 24 April, 72 new cases were reported, of which 52 cases are from Chennai, Total confirmed cases stood at 1755. 2 more died which took the total fatality to 22. 114 patients were discharged making total discharged to 886.[67]

On 28 April, with 121 new reported cases, the total number crossed 2000 to become 2058. Chennai continued to be the worst-hit district with 103 new cases. It had 673 cases, which was 33% of all the cases in Tamil Nadu.[68]

May

Major events in COVID19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu since 30 April
First week of May Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex cluster identified
2 May Active cases again surpasses recoveries
3 May 3000 confirmed cases
5 May 4000 confirmed cases
6 May 1500 reported recoveries
8 May 5000 confirmed cases
11 May 8000 confirmed cases
15 May 10000 confirmed cases

In May, the Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex emerged as a new hotspot in Chennai. By 3 May, 113 infections were traced back to the market. The infected were spread across Chennai, Tiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Cuddalore and Chengalpattu districts as there were loaders who travelled out of Chennai even during the lockdown.[69][70] Areas around Koyambedu were sealed and the infected vendors' contacts were being traced.[71] Thiruvanmiyur market in South Chennai was also closed after a vegetable vendor who used to visit Koyambedu market tested positive.[72]

On 6 May, 771 cases were reported in the state, which took the total to 4829. It was the highest single day rise till date.[73]

On 8 May, 600 new cases were reported. The Koyambedu cluster accounted for 1589 cases in the state.[74]

On 11 May, with 798 new cases, the total surpassed 8000 to become 8002 in the state. Chennai continued to be the worst-hit district. It recorded its highest single-day rise with 538 cases which brought the total to 4371. The state health minister said, "Chennai has cases from the Koyambedu cluster, front line workers cluster, hospital cluster and mediapersons cluster. Royapuram, Thiru Vi Ka Nagar, Kodambakkam and Teynampet are the four highly-affected zones in the city".[75]

On 14 May, state reported 447 confirmed cases, of which 24 cases were among interstate and international returnees to the state.[76]

On 15 May, state reported 434 confirmed cases, of which 49 cases were among interstate and international returnees to the state.[77]

On 16 May, state reported 477 confirmed cases, of which 93 cases were among interstate and international returnees to the state. The state reported 939 recoveries, highest reported discharges in a single day.[78]

On 26 May, the state reported its highest single day rise of 805, bringing the total to 17,082. Chennai accounted for more than 11,000 of the cases. The worst-affected regions of Chennai include Royapuram, Tondiarpet, Kodambakkam, Thiru Vi Ka Nagar, Anna Nagar and Teynampet.[79]

Cases

The data below are based on Health and Family Welfare Department of Tamil Nadu daily reports.

By district

By cluster

Delhi Tablighi Jamaat cluster

See also: 2020 Tablighi Jamaat coronavirus hotspot in Delhi

The Delhi Tablighi Jamaat cluster accounts for 1,113 cases of all reported according to the Department of Health.[57] The first case was reported on 31 March 2020.[23] The highest single day rise due to the cluster was on 1 April when 110 cases linked to it were reported.[30]

Koyambedu cluster

As of 5 May 2020, the cluster accounts for over 600 cases in the state.[80][81]

As of 9 May, the cluster accounts for 1867 cases in the state.[82]

By demographic

Most infected are between the age range of 13-60 and are predominantly male.[83]

As of 25 May 2020

Early cases in detail

Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India/Tamil Nadu medical cases

By maps

  • Map of confirmed cases per million inhabitants As of 13 May 2020[update]   ≥500 cases   ≥250 cases   ≥100 cases   ≥50 cases   ≥10 cases   <10 cases
    Map of confirmed cases per million inhabitants
    As of 13 May 2020
      ≥500 cases
      ≥250 cases
      ≥100 cases
      ≥50 cases
      ≥10 cases
      <10 cases
  • Map of hotspot zone classification As of 5 May 2020[update]   Red zone   Orange zone   Green zone
    Map of hotspot zone classification
    As of 5 May 2020
      Red zone
      Orange zone
      Green zone
  • Map of districts with number of reported deaths
    Map of districts with number of reported deaths
  • Map of districts with number of active cases
    Map of districts with number of active cases

Zones

The zonal classification of hotspot, non-hotspot and green zones are being done per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's criteria.[84][2]

Zone Definition District(s)
Red hotspot districts that contribute to more than 80% of cases in the state or with doubling rate less than four days Chennai, Madurai,Villupuram,Ariyalur, Chengalpattu, Tiruvallur,Cuddalore,Perambalur,Tiruvannamali,Ranipet, Virudhunagar, Tiruvarur, Vellore, Kanchipuram
Orange districts without new cases in last 14 days Coimbatore,Tiruppur, Theni, Tenkasi, Nagapattinam, Thanjavur,Dindigul, Dharmapuri, Namakkal, Karur, Thoothukudi, Tiruchirappalli, Thirupathur, Kanyakumari, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli, Nilgiris, Sivaganga, Pudukottai, Kallakurichi, Krishnagiri, Salem
Green Non-infected districts . A hotspot district can move to green zone if it reports no new cases in last 28 days. Erode

Testing

See also: COVID-19 testing

Testing rates

Summary of test results
Samples tested
Positive
Positive % 0%
Tests per million people [note 3] Formatting error: invalid input when rounding
As of[2]

During the first half of March, the state faced criticism for the low number of tests. By 16 March, it had only tested 90 samples while neighbouring Kerala and Karnataka had tested more than 1500 and 750 samples.[86] The director of Public Health defended the state's low number of tests by saying that Kerala saw more travel from coronavirus-affected countries which is why it had detected more cases.[87] The Public Health department had also said that the state follows test protocols established by the Union Health Ministry.[87][86] Following the Delhi Nizamuddin event, the families of all identified participants were tested regardless of whether they showed symptoms or not.[34]

By 16 March, following ICMR's guidelines to test for community transmission, the state had tested 22 random samples of people with influenza and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) for coronavirus. All tested negative.[87] By 10 April, of 577 SARI patients tested, five were positive.[1][88]

Tamil Nadu has the highest the percentage of positive samples among total samples tested in the country at 13% as of 7 April. This has been attributed to detection of cases related to the Tablighi Jamaat gathering in Delhi.[89]

On 12 April, the health officials of the state said that they have changed the testing strategy to "aggressive testing", also including asymptomatic individuals.[90] The Health Secretary also said the state is looking to employ the 24,000 real time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test kits that it has in possession for more stringent testing. "Our strategy is to ramp up testing using RT-PCR kits. These testing kits are of the gold standard and their results are completely reliable. We will use the RT-PCR test kits to aggressively test primary and secondary contacts." the official said.[91] The move was welcomed health professionals. Many politicians and media persons have reiterated WHOs advice of "test, test and test".

On 14 April, the Chennai Corporation revealed that it plans to collect 40,000 swab samples, including 10,000 from containment zones. It has set up 35 walk-in kiosks for the purpose.[92]

By 19 April, the state's number of tests per 10,000 people had increased from 0.4 on 1 April to 4.1, which was almost a seven-fold increase.[7]

Rapid test kits

On 6 April after ICMR's approval, the state government placed an independent order to purchase around one lakh serology-based rapid test kits from China, that can return quick results and are expected to be used for mass testing in smaller towns and rural areas.[93][91] They were expected to be delivered by 9 April.[94] On 11 April, the Chief Secretary K Shanmugam said that the consignment meant for India was reportedly diverted to the United States, causing delay.[95] The delay affected the testing rate of the state. The director of public health K Kolandaswamy said "It is admittedly one of our biggest weakness, but we decided there is no point in waiting for the kits. We have to use every minute in this period resourcefully." Instead of waiting, the health department has decided to use the existing RT-PCR kits for mass screening.[96]

After several delays, 24,000 rapid test kits reached Chennai on 17 April.[97] The state aims to use it for initial testing of close contacts of people who have tested positive and in areas around the containment zones.[98] If tested positive, their samples are sent for a confirmatory PCR test.[97] The state had also ordered an additional 5 lakh rapid test kits and 1 lakh RT-PCR kits.[98][99]

Chief Minister E Palaniswami had urged Prime Minister Narendra Modi to provide COVID-19 rapid test kits and ₹1,000 crore (US$120 million) immediately to procure medical supplies in a video-conference chaired by Modi and attended by the Chief Ministers of other states on 11 April.[100]

Testing facilities

Initially, the state only had four government labs for conducting tests for the coronavirus.[87] As of 16 May 2020, the state had 61 laboratories (39 government and 22 private) approved by ICMR for testing.[78] According to reports, private labs has fixed a rate of Rs 4,500 for testing a COVID-19 sample. The state government had announced that it will bear all the expenses.[101]

Number of samples tested per week

Week New tests Positive Positive % Cumulative tests Sources(s)
Till 8 March 63 1 1% 63 [102]
9–15 March 35 0 0% 98 [103]
16–22 March 454 8 2% 552 [104]
23–29 March 1,488 58 4% 2,040 [22]
30 March–5 April 2,975 554 19% 5,015 [42]
6–12 April 7,731 552 7% 12,746 [54]
13–19 April 28,130 304 1% 40,876 [63]
20–26 April 46,729 408 1% 87,605 [105]
27 April–3 May 62,502 1,138 2% 150,107 [106]
4–10 May 92,930 4,181 4% 243,037 [107]
11–17 May 83,683 4,020 5% 326,720 [108]
18–24 May 82,895 5,053 6% 409,615 [83]

Treatment

Quarantine wards set up in Chennai Trade Center, Nandambakkam being disinfected

The state has 3,371 ventilators and 29,074 beds in isolation wards according to the Department of Health and Family Welfare as of April 2.[109] It has ordered an additional 2,571 ventilators.[99] The number of hospital beds available is 1.1 per 1000 population and 7.8 per 1000 for elderly population according to a Brookings report.[110] As of 2 April, 21 government facilities are designated for treating COVID-19 illness cost free. As of 3 April, 25 private colleges and 110 private hospitals in the state are designated for treating COVID-19 illness.[111][112]

The Chennai Trade Center in Nandambakkam was converted into a 550-bed COVID-19 quarantine ward on April 14.[92][113] As many as 747 marriage halls and 50 schools were identified in Chennai to be converted as COVID-19 care centres.[71][114] The Greater Chennai Corporation commissioner G Prakash said that the city plans to create 50,000 bed spaces to treat asymptomatic COVID-19 patients while adding that more than 98% of the cases in Chennai were asymptomatic. These milder cases will be sent to the care centres instead of a government hospital with intensive care.[115] As of 4 May 2020, there were 4,000 such beds in Chennai at care centres and the Communicable Diseases Hospital in Tondiarpet.[114]

Government response

The state government was among the first to launch measures against COVID-19.[116] On 30 January, it had put 78 people who arrived from China under quarantine.[116] The state government had announced a ₹3,280 crore (equivalent to ₹39 billion or US$450 million in 2023) relief package on 24 March. It included financial support of ₹1,000 (equivalent to ₹1,200 or US$14 in 2023) to all ration card holders, free rice and other essential commodities in the wake of lockdown. It also provided registered street vendors, autorickshaw drivers, migrant labourers and construction workers in the state with similar provisions.[117] It had also announced extension periods of three months to make loan and tax payments for all citizens, and one month to pay house rent for workers including migrants across the state.[118][119] Currently, the government operates 311 relief camps and shelters for migrant workers.[120][30]

Earlier, it had allocated sum of ₹60 crore (US$7.0 million) from disaster relief fund to deal with the crisis. It had also taken steps to provide medicines for the next two months to patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, HIV and TB while also monitoring pregnant women who are due within that time.[121][122] The government had started screening passengers arriving at the airports in January. It had screened 2,10,538 passengers as of 1 April. As of 16 April, More than 1 lakh passengers have been placed under quarantine.[123]

The government has established helplines for public.[124] It also released an app for officials to monitor people under home quarantine.[125] The government has announced a compensation of ₹50 lakh (US$59,000) to the families of those who die during COVID-19 duty.[126]

On 31 March in the wake of the nationwide lockdown, the government announced a one-month rent freeze for students and workers, including migrant labourers.[118] It also extended the time to make payments including loans and taxes by three months.[119]

Disinfection tunnel set up in a market in Tiruppur before ban on its usage.

On 2 April, the government announced care package of ₹1,000 (equivalent to ₹1,200 or US$14 in 2023) and monthly allowed ration of food supply for each household.[127]

On 13 April, Coimbatore district administration made usage of face masks compulsory for all.[128]

On 26 April, the state government enacted a new ordinance to punish who try to block burial or cremation under Tamil Nadu Public Health Act, 1939.[129]

After urging Airports Authority of India to postpone domestic flight operations until 31 May 2020, Tamil Nadu government agreed to allow operations from 25 May 2020. It limited incoming flights to Chennai International Airport to 25. Standard Operating Procedure released by government mentioned that incoming travelers should register in the government portal. Passengers showing symptoms will be subjected to tests and taken to hospitals if found positive, while ones without symptoms or with mild symptoms shall undergo 14 day home quarantine. All passengers are stamped with quarantine seals.[130][131]

Suspensions and closedowns

On 15 March, Chief minister Edappadi K Palaniswami ordered closure of primary schools throughout the state while shutting theatres, commercial complexes and malls.[132][121] He had also ordered to close state borders with Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh on March 20 until March 31 and constituted a task force to closely monitor the preventive measures against the viral outbreak.[116][133]

On 22 March, the state government extended 'Janata curfew' to Monday morning 5 am.[134] The next day, it announced that prohibitory orders under Section 144 will start from 24 March 6 pm until March 31 which prohibits gatherings of more than 5 people.[135] On the same day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a nationwide lockdown.[136]

On 11 April, the state's chief secretary K Shanmugam said that it favoured a two-week extension of the lockdown, but would wait for PM's announcement. When questioned about other states extending the lockdown, Shanmugam said that "It is not a decision to be taken by a single state. Ours will be in tune with the PM’s announcement".[137]

On 13 April, the state government extended the lock-down till 30 April.[138]

On 20 April, the state government extended the lockdown till May 3 without any further relaxation.[139]

On 23 April, the government issued an order to relax the lockdown in non-containment zones. This included MGNREGA works, construction in rural areas and continuous process industries including refineries, steel, glass and cement plants.[140]

On 24 April, the Chief Minister announced that a complete lockdown would be imposed in Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Salem and Tiruppur corporations. The lockdown will be in effect from 6 a.m. on 26 April to 9 p.m. on 29 April in Chennai, Coimbatore and Madurai. Meanwhile, in Salem and Tiruppur, it will be imposed from 6 a.m. on 26 April to 9 p.m. on 28 April. The statement said that except certain essential services, no shops will be allowed to open.[141]

On 29 April, the Chief Minister announced that the regular lockdown would continue after the complete lockdown imposed till 29 April. Shops will be open from 6am to 5pm on 30 April and from May 1 onwards, shops will be only open till 1pm.[142]

On 2 May, the state government announced the extension of lockdown from 4 May to 17 May 2020 with some relaxations.[143][144] While the relaxations did not apply to containment zones (hotspots), it applied to non-containment zones inside all red, orange and green zones.[143] Sectors like construction, textile, IT, SEZs are permitted to operate in certain locations with limited employees while adhering to social distancing. Shops dealing non-essential goods are allowed to function between 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. while essential goods shop are to be open 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. .[145] Self-employed may work after obtaining necessary permissions from district collector or city police commissioner.[144]

Containment measures

Stickers announcing that "COVID-19/Do not Visit/Home under quarantine," were pasted on the doors of houses of foreign returnees to warn the public.[146] Authorities had also marked their arms with home quarantine stamps.[147] Government launched a mobile application to allow people under home quarantine to interact healthcare professionals for getting medical advice and counselling.[148]

A street is closed-off by municipality in Kanchipuram as a containment measure.
Same street from inside the containment.

On 28 March, government announced plans for creating containment zones to stop the community spread. The containment zones of 5 km2 radius around the residences of infected across 16 districts were set up. It is ringed by an additional 3 km2 buffer zone.[149][150][27] Active surveillance inside these zones along with passive surveillance outside of it to trace the contacts of the infected has been initiated. People found infected are quarantined and the area where they lived is added into the containment plan.[149][151] Houses inside the containment zones are surveyed and disinfected every day.[93]

From 29 March, as part of its containment plan, the government had screened 3,96,147 people in their houses inside containment zones of 16 affected districts for fever and other symptoms. It was carried out by over 2,000 personnel.[150][151] It was in process of screening up to 7 lakh persons.[149]

As of 31 March, 74,533 passengers who had returned from affected countries are being monitored under 28 day home quarantine. 3470 have completed this quarantine. 79 are currently in institutional quarantine facilities across the state.[22]

On 11 April, the state deployed 12 'Special Task Teams' each comprising a IAS/IPS officers to coordinate with the respective district collectors to manage the pandemic-affected districts. The teams monitor contact tracing and ensures quick sampling, testing and release of results.[152]

Medical supplies

The newly built Omandurar Government Multispeciality Hospital in Chennai was converted with 500 beds to exclusively treat COVID-19 patients.[153][121] The government had also issued appointment order to recruit 530 doctors, 1,000 nurses and 1,508 lab technicians with immediate effect due to the situation. Orders for 200 new ambulances in the state have also been placed.[154][151]

On 3 April, in order to ease the strain on the state's healthcare system, the government announced an incentive package of 30% capital investment with a cap of ₹20 crore (US$2.3 million) for new manufacturers of medical equipment such as ventilators, PPE kits, N-95 masks, multi para monitors and drugs such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and vitamin C tablets.[155][93] After the announcement, eight small and medium-scale companies approached the government to manufacture the required medical equipment. Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation said that it would purchase at least 50% of the equipment manufactured by these companies between May and June.[156]

As of 16 April, 1,94,995 cases have been registered, 2,08,139 persons have been arrested, and 1,79,827 vehicles have been seized in the state for defying lockdown.[123]

Impact

See also: Socio-economic impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic

Economy

People queuing to buy medicines in Tiruppur

On 23 April, the state government exempted e-commerce companies of food processing units, export/import packing houses, research facilities agriculture and horticulture activities from lockdown restrictions. It also exempted bed-side attendants and caregivers of senior citizens.[140]

Due to the financial crisis, the state government froze dearness allowance and earned leave encashment for its employees and pensioners till July 2021.[157]

Agriculture

The nationwide lockdown has impacted farmers and floriculturists in the state. The Tamil Nadu Federation of All Farmers' Association said that about 15 lakh acres of summer paddy and 8 lakh acres of groundnuts across the state were affected due absence of labour for harvesting amid lockdown. Perishables such as fruits and vegetables cannot be taken to markets without transportation.[158]

Food and grocery supply

Empty store shelves in Tiruppur due to panic buying prior to lockdown

Shops dealing food takeaways, groceries, fruits and vegetables, dairy, meat and fish were allowed to function during the lockdown.[159] Online food delivery services were briefly banned[160][161] and allowed later by the government after imposing some regulations.[162] The government has also issued identification cards for essential service providers that allow supply of goods and services without being stopped by the police.[163] On 4 April, the operating hours of essential stores during lock-down was reduced to 6 am to 1 pm.[164]

To avoid overcrowding and to in markets, the state has converted bus stations in towns and cities into vegetable markets.[93] They were also installed with disinfectant tunnels. Later, the government ordered a ban on such tunnels since it was ineffective.[165][166] In Chennai, the corporation and horticulture department has started door delivery service of vegetables.[93][167] Amma canteens were also functional. They provided free food for sanitation workers during the lockdown period in Chennai.[168]

Education

Primary schools were closed in the state as early as 15 March.[132] On 21 March, the Class 10 SSLC board exams were postponed to beyond April 14, which were due to begin from March 27.[169] Students of class 1–9 in the state will be promoted automatically considering the closure of schools.[170] On 16 April, the Department of Higher Education postponed the summer semester exams for academic year 2019–20 to the beginning of next academic year for all colleges and universities in Tamil Nadu.[171]

Social

On 10 April in Ariyalur, a 60-year-old man in the COVID-19 isolation ward of Ariyalur Government Hospital committed suicide while awaiting his test results. However his results returned negative.[172] Reports of thefts from liquor shops, which were shut by the state government, have emerged.[173]

On 20 April, an ambulance carrying the body of a doctor who had died due to COVID-19 was blocked and attacked by locals in Chennai, who protested against the burial at their locality fearing virus spread.[174] The ambulance driver was injured and the body had to be cremated in a different cemetery. 20 were arrested.[175]

Misinformation and discrimination

See also: Misinformation related to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic

False information regarding the coronavirus started circulating in the social media platform Whatsapp[176] which led to several arrests in the state.[177][178][179] A 33-year-old quack was detained for deceiving the local people with a vaccine for COVID-19 in Ranipet.[180] The government had warned of legal action against people spreading misinformation on COVID-19.[181] Twitter removed actor Rajinikanth's video citing as misinformation after he claimed a 14-hour stay at home during the Janata Curfew can stop the disease going from "stage-2" to "stage-3".[182]

The chief minister Edappadi Palaniswami had asked people not to communalise the coronavirus infection. He also asked people to avoid discrimination saying, "people should avoid looking at the infected people and families with disgust".[183] The state police filed cases against functionaries belonging to the Sangh Parivar outfits of Vishva Hindu Parishad and Hindu Munnani in various areas in the state for posting hate messages against a minority community by linking them with the spread of COVID-19 on Social Media.[184]

Repatriation of expats

Airport Surveillance Screening details
Date Airport Arrived from Passengers Confirmed positive Source
9 May 2020 Chennai Dubai 371 0 [76]
Trichy 184 0 [76]
10 May 2020 Chennai Kuwait 186 4 [76]
11 May 2020 Chennai Kualalumpur 186 5 [78]
12 May 2020 Chennai Muscat 205 0 [76]
13 May 2020 Chennai Chicago 143 0 [76]
14 May 2020 Chennai Dhaka 186 4 [78]
Manila 167 0 [78]
15 May 2020 Chennai London 333 0 [78]
18 May 2020 Chennai Dubai 178 23 [185]
Total 2139 36

Statistics

This section is an excerpt from Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu.[edit]

Total confirmed cases, active cases, recoveries and deaths

See or edit source data.
See or edit source data.
See or edit source data.

Active cases

See or edit source data.


Case fatality rate

The trend of case fatality rate for COVID-19 from 25 March, the day first death in the state was recorded.[15]

See or edit source data.

Total samples tested

See or edit source data.

Source:[186]
April 1[30], 2[35], 3[36], 4[37], 5[41], 6[42], 7[44], 8[45], 9[47], 10[48], 11[49], 12[51], 13[54], 14[56], 15[57], 16[59], 17[60], 18[62], 19[63], 20[64], 21[187], 22[65], 23[66], 24[67], 25[188], 26[105], 27[189], 28[68], 29[190], 30[191]
May 1[192], 2[193], 3[106], 4[81], 5[194], 6[195], 7[196], 8[74], 9[82], 10[107], 11[197], 12[198], 13[199], 14[76], 15[77], 16[78], 17[108], 18[200], 19[185], 20[201], 21[202], 22[203], 23[204], 24[205], 25[206], 26[207], 27[208], 28[209], 29[210]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 2 deaths cross notified to other states. 1 patient died after turning negative for infection.
  2. ^ a b Cases from newly split Mayiladuthurai district is officially reported along with its parent district Nagapattinam
  3. ^ Population based on 2019 estimates from National Health Mission [85]

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