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Battle of Dunkeld

Coordinates: 56°33′54″N 3°35′06″W / 56.565°N 3.585°W / 56.565; -3.585
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56°33′54″N 3°35′06″W / 56.565°N 3.585°W / 56.565; -3.585

Battle of Dunkeld
Part of the Jacobite rising of 1689

The Earl of Angus's Regiment (The Cameronians) at the Defence of Dunkeld, 1689, Richard Simkin
Date21 August 1689
Location
Dunkeld and Birnam, Scotland
Result Decisive Government victory
Belligerents
 Scotland Jacobites
Commanders and leaders
William Cleland †
George Munro		 Alexander Cannon
Strength
1,200 5,000
Casualties and losses
50 killed and wounded 300 killed and wounded
Designated14 December 2012
Reference no.BTL32

The Battle of Dunkeld (Template:Lang-gd) was fought between Jacobite clans supporting the deposed king James VII of Scotland and a regiment of covenanters supporting William of Orange, King of Scotland, in the streets around Dunkeld Cathedral, Dunkeld, Scotland, on 21 August 1689 and formed part of the Jacobite rising of 1689, commonly called Dundee's rising in Scotland. The battlefield is currently[when?] under research to be included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009.[1]

Background

Following the death of Viscount Dundee in the Jacobite victory at the Battle of Killiecrankie, command of the Jacobites was passed to Colonel Alexander Cannon, leader of the recruits from Ireland, in preference to the 60-year-old veteran Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, one of the most formidable Highland chiefs. Cameron was so insulted at this perceived slight that he left, taking some of his clan with him.[2] With the Scottish Privy Council preparing to leave Scotland in the wake of an expected Jacobite onslaught, the Council ordered the newly formed Cameronian regiment under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Cleland to move north from Perth and to hold Dunkeld at all costs.[3]

The Cameronian regiment takes its name from Richard Cameron (1648–1680), a Scottish religious reformer and covenanting leader from the Scottish Lowlands, and was raised largely from the tenantry of the Marquess of Douglas, chief of Clan Douglas. The Cameronian regiment subsequently became the 26th (The Cameronian) Regiment of Foot, and then the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles).[4]

Battle

Dunkeld was not protected by town walls, so Cleland ordered his troops to take up defensive positions in the cathedral, because it was surrounded by an enclosing wall, and the nearby mansion of the Marquess of Atholl. The fighting began when the Jacobites, who outnumbered the Cameronians by more than four to one, stormed the town from all sides. They were initially successful, forcing the Cameronians back from all their outlying positions.[5] although in the town's narrow, winding streets there was no room for the type of Highland charge that succeeded at Killiecrankie.[2] The Cameronian regiment's 27-year-old Colonel William Cleland, a veteran of the Covenanter cause, died in the first hour of battle by taking one bullet in the liver and another in the head, before dragging himself out of sight so that his men would not see him fall.[2] As the regiment's major was also wounded, command fell to Captain George Munro of Auchinbowie who would lead them to victory.

For sixteen hours the battle raged, as the Cameronians were gradually forced back. Some of the Highlander [6] who had barricaded themselves into houses were trapped inside and burned alive.[2] At 11pm, depleted of energy and ammunition, the Highlanders decided to call it a day and withdrew, leaving 300 of their men dead or dying in the town.[2] The Cameronians are reported to have stripped lead from the roof of Atholl House to keep firing because they had also exhausted their munitions. Holes caused by musket balls are still visible in the east gable of Dunkeld Cathedral.[3] With the battle over, the Cameronian Covenanters claimed a war-winning victory. Losses on the Williamite side are unclear, but ranged from 20 to 50. Colonel Cleland was buried in the cathedral.[3]

References

  1. ^ "Inventory battlefields". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e Magnusson, Magnus (2001). Scotland: The Story of a Nation. Harper Collins. pp. 518–520. ISBN 0006531911.
  3. ^ a b c Inglis, John Alexander. (1911). The Monros of Auchinbowie and Cognate Families. pp. 40 – 44. Edinburgh, Privately printed by T and A Constable. Printers to His Majesty.
  4. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cameronians" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  5. ^ Hopkins, P. (1986). Glencoe and the End of the Highland War
  6. ^ dunkeldcathedral.org.uk
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