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Tropical storms Amanda and Cristobal

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Tropical Depression Cristobal
Current storm status
Tropical depression (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:4:00 p.m. CDT (21:00 UTC) June 9
Location:41°12′N 91°00′W / 41.2°N 91.0°W / 41.2; -91.0 (Tropical Depression Cristobal) ± 40 nm
About 30 mi (45 km)SW of Davenport, Iowa
About 175 mi (280 km) N of St. Louis, Missouri
Sustained winds:25 kn (30 mph; 45 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 35 kn (40 mph; 65 km/h)
Pressure:992 mbar (hPa; 29.30 inHg)
Movement:NNE at 24 kn (28 mph; 44 km/h)
See more detailed information.

Tropical Storm Cristobal is a currently active tropical cyclone weakening over Iowa. Cristobal is the third named storm of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season. It is the earliest known third named storm in the North Atlantic Ocean on record, breaking the record set by Tropical Storm Colin in 2016, which formed on June 5. It is also the first Atlantic tropical cyclone to form in the month of June since Tropical Storm Cindy in 2017, and the first June tropical cyclone to make landfall in Mexico since Tropical Storm Danielle in 2016. Cristobal formed on June 1 over the Bay of Campeche from the remnants of Tropical Storm Amanda in the Eastern Pacific. Cristobal then made landfall in the state of Campeche at 13:35 UTC on June 3, 2020, with sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), causing torrential rainfall throughout the region. It slowly re-curved northward over Mexico and progressed into the Gulf of Mexico. Cristobal then made a second landfall over southeastern Louisiana at 21:10 UTC on June 7.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On May 31, the National Hurricane Center noted the potential for Tropical Depression Two-E in the Eastern Pacific to redevelop in the Bay of Campeche.[1] That day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Amanda, which made landfall in Guatemala. Its low-level circulation dissipated by 21:00 UTC on May 31. Its remnants moved north and northwest to the Bay of Campeche and continued to develop.

By June 1, the NHC estimated a 90% chance of redevelopment while the system was over the Yucatan peninsula.[2] At 21:00 UTC that same day, the remnants of Amanda developed into Tropical Depression Three, and the NHC began advisories on it. The depression slowly moved west over the Bay of Campeche and slowly intensified. By 15:00 UTC June 2, an Air Force Reserve Unit Hurricane Hunter Aircraft began to investigate the system.[3] Data from the flight found it to have strengthened into Tropical Storm Cristobal at 15:15 UTC that day.[4] This marked the earliest third named storm in the Atlantic, beating the record set by Tropical Storm Colin in 2016 of June 5.[5]

Tropical Storm Cristobal near peak intensity on June 2

Cristobal slowly strengthened as it stayed nearly stationary in the Bay of Campeche the next day.[6] The storm began to strengthen quickly as it neared the Mexican coastline, becoming more symmetrical, with pressures dropping. At 13:35 UTC, reports from a Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicated that Cristobal had made landfall near Atasta, Mexico, just to the west of Ciudad del Carmen, with sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h).[7] Cristobal began to slowly weaken as the day went on while it pushed further southeast into the Mexican state of Campeche, signified by a decrease in thunderstorm activity near the center.[8]

On the morning of June 4, Cristobal weakened into a tropical depression, with its satellite appearance degrading. [9] The depression lost most of its banding features due to prolonged interaction with land, and most of its convection was limited to the northeastern quadrant. [10] Unexpectedly, the depression moved northward at a faster pace than forecast, resulting in it getting better organized on satellite imagery.[11] Cristobal briefly entered Guatemala before starting to move northwards.

As Cristobal moved further north away from the Yucatan peninsula, dry air and interaction with an upper-level trough to the east began to strip Cristobal of any central convection, with most of the convection being displaced east and north of the center and ridding Cristobal of a typical tropical cyclone structure.[12] Reconnaissance aircraft found Cristobal slightly stronger in the afternoon of June 6, despite being poorly organized. [13] Observations from the NHC suggested Cristobal resembled more of a subtropical cyclone than a tropical cyclone during this period, with the strongest winds and convection displaced well to the east of the center.[14] Tropical Storm Cristobal then made landfall on June 7 at 5:10 p.m. CDT (22:10 UTC) in Southeast Louisiana, east of Grand Isle, becoming the second earliest storm to make landfall in Louisiana on record.[15] [16]

Current storm information

As of 4:00 p.m. CDT (21:00 UTC) June 9, Tropical Depression Cristobal is located within 40 nautical miles of 41°12′N 91°00′W / 41.2°N 91.0°W / 41.2; -91.0 (Three), about 30 miles (45 km) southwest of Davenport, Iowa and about 175 miles (280 km) north of St. Louis, Missouri. Maximum sustained winds are 25 knots (30 mph; 45 km/h), with gusts up to 35 knots (40 mph; 65 km/h). The minimum barometric pressure is 992 mbar (29.29 inHg), and the system is moving north-northwest at 24 knots (28 mph; 44 km/h).

For the latest official information, see:

Preparations

Tropical Storm Cristobal intensifying over the Gulf of Mexico on June 7

Mexico

The government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning from Campeche westward to Puerto de Veracruz.[17] A total of 9,000 Mexican soldiers and National Guard members were sent to assist with preparations and relief work. Residents in at-risk communities like El Bosque Rovirosa Segunda and La Costeñita in Mexico were evacuated on Tuesday, June 2. That day, waves up to 10 feet (3 meters) high in the area forced one harbor master in the region to close a maritime terminal for the fourth day in a row for all vessel types.[18]On June 5, while Cristobal was still a tropical depression, a tropical storm watch was issued from Punta Herrero to Rio Lagartos by the Mexican government.[19]

United States

On June 5, a tropical storm watch was issued from Intracoastal City, Louisiana, to the Alabama/Florida border. A storm surge watch was also issued for parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. [20] The town of Grand Isle, Louisiana, issued a mandatory evacuation order starting Saturday at 6 a.m., according to Grand Isle Mayor David Camardelle.[21] On the same day, Louisiana governor John Bel Edwards declared a state of emergency and ordered evacuations for the area.[22] Extreme heavy rainfall is expected all the way north up the Mississippi River valley into Wisconsin and eventually into Canada. Flash flood and river flood watches have been issued from Louisiana in the south, and Iowa in the north. Rainfall is expected from three to fourteen inches within the path listed above.

Impacts

Mexico and Central America

The combined effects of Tropical Storms Amanda and Cristobal brought torrential rains to a large swath of Central America and Mexico. According to the National Hurricane Center, parts of the Pacific coasts of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico's Chiapas state picked up 20 in (510 mm).[23][24] Between May 30 and June 3, a weather station in Ocotepec, Chiapas, measured 26.3 in (667 mm) of rain.[25] Mérida, the capital of Yucatán, recorded 22.9 in (581.66 mm) in the same time frame. The widespread rainfall led to flooding across the Yucatán Peninsula[26] Some areas of Yucatán received a year's-worth of rain in four days.[27]

At least 619 people were required to be evacuated due to the threat of incoming landslides and flash flooding and 16 individual landslides were reported across Campeche, Chiapas, and Yucatán.[28] Around 10,000 citizens were estimated to have been severely effected by flash flooding.[29] Agricultural damage in Campeche reached 40 million pesos (US$1.84 million).[30] One person drowned while trying to swim through 6.2 ft (1.9 m) floodwaters in Santa María, Yaxcabá.[31] Another person died in Chiapas when a tree fell on him.[32] In Yucatán, 95,000 hectares (230,000 acres) of crops were damaged, which is about 85% of the total crops statewide. Agricultural damage were calculated at 4 billion pesos (US$184 million).[27]

A wind gust of 55 mph (89 kph) was reported in Ciudad del Carmen on June 3.[33] Cristobal also damaged Mexican oil platforms and a floating dock, in the Gulf of Mexico.[34]

United States

Ahead of the storm's landfall, two children died in Louisiana after being pulled to sea by rip currents.[35] 5 ft (1.5 m) storm surge caused flooding along much of the Louisiana coast, and flooded the only road leading to and out of Grand Isle, which was under a mandatory evacuation.[36] Torrential rainfall and the storm surge caused a flood event in Grand Isle said to have been the worst since Hurricane Isaac in 2012.[37] A large portion of Louisiana Highway 1 was completely flooded and inaccessible throughout June 7.[37] Around 4,000 power outages occurred across New Orleans on that same day.[37]

In Florida, multiple tornado warnings were issued and at least six tornadoes were confirmed in the state between June 6 and June 7 from Cristobal's outer rainbands.[38][39] A destructive EF-1 tornado struck areas just east of Downtown Orlando, starting as a waterspout over Lake Conway before moving ashore, damaging or uprooting multiple trees, some of which fell onto homes.[40][41]

In Mississippi near where Cristobal made landfall, several weather observation sites reported strong tropical storm-force winds. A Weatherflow site on Ship Island, Mississippi, observed a sustained wind of 48 mph (78 km/h) and a gust to 64 mph (104 km/h), which was the peak wind gust reported during landfall.[42]

Cristobal brought heavy rain to the Midwestern states, bringing down pours and gusty winds.[43][44] The storm will be the fourth Atlantic tropical cyclone remnant to move over Wisconsin, with the last one being Hurricane Gilbert in 1988.[45]

See also

References

  1. ^ "NHC Graphical Outlook Archive". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
  2. ^ "NHC Graphical Outlook Archive". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
  3. ^ "Tropical Depression Three Forecast Discussion". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
  4. ^ "Tropical Storm Cristobal Update Statement". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
  5. ^ Phil Klotzbach [@philklotzbach] (June 2, 2020). "#Cristobal has formed in the Bay of Campeche - the 3rd Atlantic named storm of the 2020 season. This is the earliest date for an Atlantic 3rd named storm formation on record (since 1851, when reliable records first started), as the outdated record was Colin on June 5, 2016" (Tweet). Retrieved June 2, 2020 – via Twitter.
  6. ^ "Tropical Storm CRISTOBAL Advisory 5a". nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
  7. ^ "Tropical Storm CRISTOBAL Update Statement June 3". nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  8. ^ "Tropical Storm Cristobal Public Advisory Number 8A". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "Tropical Storm Cristobal Discussion 12". nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  10. ^ "Tropical Depression Cristobal Discussion 15". nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  11. ^ "Tropical Depression Cristobal Discussion 16". nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  12. ^ "Tropical Storm Cristobal Discussion Number 19". National Hurricane Center.
  13. ^ "Tropical Storm Cristobal Intermediate Advisory Number 19A". National Hurricane Center.
  14. ^ "Tropical Storm Cristobal Discussion Number 21". National Hurricane Center.
  15. ^ https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCUAT3+shtml/072209.shtml
  16. ^ https://twitter.com/philklotzbach/status/1269765069706936320
  17. ^ "National Hurricane Center". web.archive.org. 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
  18. ^ Neftalí Ortiz (June 2, 2020). "SE CONVIERTE TORMENTA TROPICAL "AMANDA" EN "CRISTÓBAL"; EFECTOS PROVOCAN ANEGACIONES EN FRONTERA". tabascohoy.com. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  19. ^ "Tropical Depression Cristobal Update Statement". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  20. ^ "Tropical Depression Cristobal Advisory Number 16". nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  21. ^ Jennifer Gray and Taylor Ward. "Cristobal is now a tropical storm as it threatens the Gulf Coast". Retrieved 2020-06-05.
  22. ^ "State of Emergency for Louisiana Ahead of Cristobal". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  23. ^ Tropical Storm Cristobal Floods Mexico & Central America - Jun. 2 / Jun. 5, 2020
  24. ^ "Tropical Storm Cristobal a U.S. Gulf Coast Threat After Making Landfall Along Mexico's Bay of Campeche Coast". weather.com. June 3, 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ National Hurricane Center [@NHC_Atlantic] (June 4, 2020). "Heavy rains and flooding continue over portions of southeastern Mexico and Central America from #Cristobal. The national meteorological service of Mexico (@conagua_mx) reports that 26.26" (667 mm) of rain has fallen at Ocotepec, Chiapas, over the past 5 days (May 30-June 3)" (Tweet). Retrieved June 8, 2020 – via Twitter.
  26. ^ Spamer, Courtney (Jun 7, 2020). "Cristobal unleashes life-threatening flooding in Mexico, Central America despite weakening". AccuWeather. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  27. ^ a b "85% de los cultivos de Yucatán se perdieron por Tormenta Tropical "Cristóbal": Mauricio Vila" (in Spanish). El Heraldo. June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  28. ^ de 2020, 4 de Junio. "Tormenta tropical Cristóbal en México: daños, pronóstico y trayectoria de los próximos días". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2020-06-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ "Tormenta tropical "Cristóbal" deja 10 mil afectados en Yucatán ante contingencia por Covid-19". El Universal (in Spanish). 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  30. ^ "Más de mil en albergues; daños al agro por 40 mdp" (in Spanish). Tribuna Campeche. June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  31. ^ Ortiz, Graciela H.; Graniel, Gabriel (June 7, 2020). "Reportan dos muertos por afectaciones de "Cristóbal" en sureste". La Jordana (in Spanish). Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  32. ^ "Tormenta tropical "Cristóbal" deja un muerto en Chiapas" (in Spanish). El Universal. June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  33. ^ "Tropical Storm CRISTOBAL Advisory 8A". nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  34. ^ fleetmon marine article
  35. ^ Fedschun, Travis (June 7, 2020). "Tropical Storm Cristobal spawns damaging tornado in Orlando; Louisiana brothers, 8 and 10, killed in rip current". Fox News. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  36. ^ Betz, Bradford (2020-06-07). "Tropical Storm Cristobal makes landfall over Louisiana, packing strong winds and rain". Fox News. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  37. ^ a b c writer, MICHELLE HUNTER | Staff. "'Highest water' since Isaac: Tropical Storm Cristobal tidal surge flood Grand Isle roads". NOLA.com. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  38. ^ "Cristobal's Outer Bands Bring Tornado to Downtown Orlando". weather.com. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  39. ^ "Storm Prediction Center 200606's Storm Reports". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  40. ^ akrherz@iastate.edu, daryl herzmann. "IEM :: PNS from NWS MLB". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  41. ^ Brieskorn, Katlyn. "WATCH: Skywitness 9 flies over storm damage after severe storms, tornado in Orlando". WFTV. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  42. ^ "Cristobal Update". nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  43. ^ "Remnants of Cristobal to merge with another storm, wallop upper Midwest with rain, wind". June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  44. ^ "Minnesota Weather: Remnants Of Cristobal To Bring Heavy Rain, Possible Flash Flooding To SE Minnesota". June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  45. ^ "Cristobal's remnants to bring strong winds to Chicago as severe thunderstorm watch in effect". June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
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