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New South Wales Police Force

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The NSW Police is Australia's oldest and largest police organisation and one of the biggest in the English speaking world [1].

The New South Wales Police Force (previously New South Wales Police, New South Wales Police Service & New South Wales Police Force) is the primary law enforcement agency in the State of New South Wales, Australia. It is an agency of the Government of New South Wales within the New South Wales Ministry for Police. The New South Wales Police in its current form was established in 1862 with the passing of the Police Regulation Act and drew upon members of the Royal Irish Constablary. Its current Commissioner of Police is Kenneth Edward Moroney APM. The Cabinet Minister of the State Government responsible for the policing portfolio is John Watkins.

As of 2006, the New South Wales Police consists of 15,000+ officers, with a growing percentage being female and/or of an non-English speaking background; all are issued with Glock sidearms.

New South Wales Police have responsibility for serving a population of seven million in the state of New South Wales, an 801,600 square kilometre area comparable in size to Texas in the USA and double the combined geographic areas of England, Scotland and Wales [2]. NSW Police patrol areas such as Lord Howe Island (a two hour flight from Sydney or Brisbane), to the hinterland and beaches of northern New South Wales, to the Blue Mountains, down to the snow villages and ski fields of Thredbo. They patrol the Murray River and the borders of Victoria, South Australia, Queensland and of the Australian Capital Territory. The NSW Police Service was also the first police force in the Commonwealth to own its own Air Assets, ie helicopters and aircraft.

The NSW Police motto is Culpam Poena Premit Comes: "Punishment Follows Guilt Swiftly". Its coat of arms features the state badge of New South Wales, a soaring eagle carrying a scroll with the word Nemesis, a wreath and the Crown of the Queen of Australia [3].

History

The NSW Police has existed in various forms since the foundation of the colony of New South Wales at Sydney in 1788, when Governor Captain Arthur Phillip authorised the formation of a nightwatch to protect the infant town against thieves and petty criminals after dark. From its humble commencement, the NSW Police force has grown to be the largest in Australia and the highest paid [4].

Constable Joseph Luker is the first recorded death of a member of the police in Australia. Whilst patrolling on foot at night in Back Row East, Sydney Town, Constable Luker was attacked and killed. His body was found the following morning with the guard of his cutlass embedded in his skull. Four offenders later faced court - they were acquitted and one was sentenced to death, a sentence eventually commuted when three attempts to hang him failed.

Confronting Bushrangers

Constable O’Grady was taken ill with cholera when, on 09th April, 18666, he left his sick bed to shoot it out with the Clarke gang, who were renowned as being the “bloodiest bushrangers” of the Colony of New South Wales and that of Australia.

Constable Byrne, almost single-handed, fought off the Ben Hall gang when they attacked a gold escort at Major’s Creek on the 13th March, 1865. With only cart wheels for protection he gallantly withstood their fire for three-quarters of an hour

Constable Walker was one of the earliest Australian-born mounted troopers to gain fame. He brought Thunderbolt’s enduring “bushranging” career to an end by shooting him near Uralla in New England, New South Wales. Constable Day (later Inspector-General of the New South Wales Police) showed courage under fire when he shot and captured Bushranger – Hobson. Hobson was later hanged. Day later solved a string of murders involving a hawker Tommy Moore. Day had traced his activities to South Australia to solve one of Australia’s earliest cases of serial killers.

(Cited: Melrose, A (1911)The trooper police of Australia. London)

Wood Royal Commission

This concentration of policing power in the NSW Police is thought to have led to the multi-generational and endemic levels of corruption, graft and vice that were revealed to the public in the 1990s at the Wood Royal Commission, a State-sponsored judicial inquiry into police corruption led by Justice James Wood of the New South Wales Supreme Court. This Royal Commission which lasted approximately two years uncovered crimes and institutionalised corruption throughout the NSW Police Service (as it was then known) by a small number of officers, most notably detectives. This unexpected discovery by the Royal Commission led to a widening of its terms of reference to include the investigation of paedophilia and sex crimes outside the Police Service and implicated members of the legal fraternity. However some critics argue that the Royal Commission should have been expanded further, but considering the political ramifications that would have resulted, this did not occur.

The biggest impact of the Wood Royal Commission was the uprooting of many corrupt detectives in the force (which, despite the almost daily revelations of depravity and criminality, consisted of only a small minority of the total Police Service) and the establishment of the Police Integrity Commission - an independent, permanent tribunal with some judicial powers that now stands as a permanent watchdog over police corruption, but is not part of the NSW Police (unlike the old Internal Affairs Bureau).

Critics of the Royal Commission argue that it should have had a wider terms of reference, namely NSW Parliament and NSW Criminal Justice System. However, despite some negativities, the NSW Police have a proud history of service and policing the state of New South Wales.

Timeline

  • 1862– Existing forces are amalgamated into the New South Wales Police Force headed by Inspector-General John McLerie under the Police Regulation Act 1862. Sub-districts, each led by Inspectors, are created across the State. Issuing of .36 calibre Colt Navy revolvers begins. Prior to this, police had use of various ineffective single-shot weapons.
  • 1871– Police have their wages reduced by sixpence per day. Many leave the Force as a result.
  • 1872– 70 new Police Stations established since 1862, with a total of 803 men in the force. Police begin photographing prisoners.
  • 1874– Edmund Fosberry becomes Inspector General of Police.
  • 1890– The Bertillon system of criminal identification is published by Alphonse Bertillon.
  • 1891– Juan Vucetich of Buenos Aires establishes the world's first Fingerprint Registry.
  • 1893– Police use bicycles in Sydney and some country areas.
  • 1894– Sydney Police are issued with firearms for general use.
  • 1900– E.R. Henry refines Vucetich's system of fingerprint identification by dividing print patterns.
  • 1903– The Police Fingerprint Branch is established.
  • 1911– Ernest Charles Day is appointed Inspector General of Police.
  • 1913– Telephones are being introduced into country Police Stations, vastly improving communications.
  • 1915– James Mitchell is appointed Inspector General of Police. The Police Prosecuting Branch is established. The first Police patrol car is brought into use in the state. Lillian Armfield and Maude Rhodes are appointed as the first Policewomen in the state.
  • 1916– Significant uniform changes occur and a new style of cap and tunic is introduced. Police motor cycles are introduced.
  • 1921– The New South Wales Police Association is formed.
  • 1924– New South Wales Police begin using wireless telegraphy.
  • 1925– The Public Safety Bureau (traffic unit) is established.
  • 1927– The Drug Squad and the Police Motor Vehicle Branch are established.
  • 1929– The Criminal Investigation Branch (CIB) and the Consorting Branch are both established.
  • 1930– Walter Henry Childs becomes Commissioner of Police. The Missing Friends Bureau is formed (renamed the Missing Persons Bureau in 1974). The Bogus Agents & Company Squad is formed (renamed the Fraud Squad in 1961). The Modus Operandi Unit and Police Motor Squad are formed.
  • 1934– The first New South Wales Police Wireless Room is established.
  • 1935– William John McKay becomes Police Commissioner.
  • 1937– The Police Radio Telephone System is established.
  • 1938– The Police Scientific Investigation Branch is established.
  • 1941– The Police Prosecuting Branch is formalised and expanded. The Central Fingerprint Bureau of Australia is established.
  • 1942– The Police Cliff Rescue Squad is established.
  • 1945– The Police Emergency Squad (precursor to SWOS) established.
  • 1946– New South Wales Police have further uniform changes. Open-necked tunics with ties are introduced. The Police Aviation Section is established.
  • 1947– The School Lecturing Section is formed.
  • 1948– James Frederick Scott becomes Commissioner of Police.
  • 1950– The Police Aviation Section is disbanded. It re-emerged as the Police Air Wing in 1979.
  • 1952– Colin John Delaney becomes Commissioner of Police.
  • 1953– The Police Flood Rescue Squad is established.
  • 1958– The New South Wales Police Driver Training School at St Ives is opened.
  • 1961– The New South Wales Police have more uniform changes. Tunics become optional dress in summer. There would be no more uniform changes until 1972. There are now 5717 men and women in the New South Wales Police Force, with 1700 serving in country areas.
  • 1962– The year of the Centenary of the New South Wales Police Force. There are 507 Police Stations in New South Wales. Norman Thomas Allan becomes Commissioner of Police.
  • 1979 - Special Weapons and Operations Squad created.
  • 1981 - Tactical Response Group created.
  • 1982 - Random Breath Testing was introduced in NSW.
  • 1990 - Police Service Act replaced Police Regulation Act.
  • 1991 - SWOS & TRG dissolved & State Protection Group created.
  • 1994 - The Computerised Operational Policing System (COPS) is deployed, replacing many paper based and intelligence reporting forms. A mainframe based application written in Adabas
  • 1997 - Glock pistols introduced to replace Smith & Wesson revolvers. The Special Branch, chartered with combating politically motivated violence and close personal protection (CPP) of internationally protected persons is disbanded by Commissioner Peter Ryan due to adverse evidence at the Wood Royal Commission. The NSWP Special Branch was one of the oldest Units of its type in the Commonwealth, and the last remaining Unit with that name in Australia.
  • 1998 - Upgraded Police airwing, introduction of (OC) capsicum spray.
  • 1999 - Entire Water Police fleet replaced.
  • 2000 - Complaints Administration Tracking System, later renamed to Customer Assistance Tracking System (c@ts.i) to remove the stigma of the term 'complaint' is deployed. It is a web front end to and Informix backend database. c@ts.i replaced the mainframe based Complaint Information System (CIS)
  • 2002 - As a result of a Riot o/s Israeli Consulate in Sydney NSW Mounted Police and Operation Support Group Personnel are awarded separate Commissioners Unit Citations for their efforts;
  • 2002 - New 'working' uniform including cargo pants, baseball caps, Polartec jackets & Blundstone boots issued.
  • 2005 - Police highway patrol cars fitted with In Car Video (ICV).
  • 2006 - Police Public Order and Riot Squad (PORS) becomes fully operational.

Authority and power

Like all other States of Australia, municipalities and shires in NSW have no or very limited law enforcement responsibilities. The Australian Federal Police is relatively unobtrusive and is not very visible in the day to day lives of New South Welsh residents. Therefore, state police forces—the NSW Police included—are much more powerful and ubiquitous than equivalent state or provincial police forces in other federal nations such as the United States or Canada, where the total law enforcement task is more evenly shared among three or four tiers of government. New South Wales Police are arguably the highest profile police jurisdiction in the country.

Organisational structure

File:Nswpolice1.JPG
NSW Police Ford Falcon General Duties patrol sedan in current national police markings. The building in the background photograph is the residential towers of the New South Wales Police College at Goulburn in Southern New South Wales.

The New South Wales Police consists of three major divisions: field operations, specialist operations and corporate services [1]

Field operations

The Deputy Commissioner Field Operations is responsible for managing and overseeing the following Commands:

  • North West Metropolitan region
  • South West Metropolitan region
  • Central Metropolitan region
  • Southern Metropolitan region
  • Northern Metropolitan region
  • Western Metropolitan region
  • State Crime Command
  • Traffic Services
  • APEC Police Security Command
  • Special Projects


Corporate services

The Executive Director of Coporate Servives, Fran McPherson [5] is responsible for the following:

  • Recruitment and Education
  • Firearms
  • Records & Information Process Services
  • Security Industry Registry (SIR)
  • Investment and Commercial Services
  • Safety
  • Business and Technology Services
  • Human Resources
  • Education Services
  • Finance
  • Legal Services


Specialist operations

NSW Mounted Police Unit

The New South Wales Mounted Police is the oldest continuous mounted police unit in the world. Founded in September 1825 by Governor Brisbane, the Mounted Police were recruited from a British military regiment stationed in NSW at the time to protect travellers and suppress convict escapees. For over a century they were a key part of policing as horses were the main form of transport.

Duties include traffic and crowd management, patrols, and ceremonial protocol duties. The 34 horses used today are bay geldings, 16 hands high and include a number of ex-race horses. They are between three and seven years old when received and retire at about 20 years of age.

The New South Wales Mounted Police perform the Musical Ride at Sydney shows and at larger country shows. The musical ride consists of a series of precision drill movements performed in time to the music of the New South Wales Police Band, over an area measuring 100 metres by 50 metres and is approximately 20 minutes duration. This exhibition has received acclaim from many overseas visitors and is considered to be one of the most spectacular rides in the world.

Inspector (ret) D H EYB APM (then Commander of the NSW Mounted Police Unit) was responsible for the training, co-ordination and presentation of 120 horses and riders for the welcome segment of the Opening Ceremony at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The lances carried by NSW Mounted Police Unit, whilst on parade were presented to the Troop in 1957 by General Carriapa, High Commissioner for India.


State Protection Group

Coming under the Counter Terrorism & Public Order Management Command the NSW Police State Protection Group Command contains a number of highly trained and specialised units such as the Police Rescue & Bomb Disposal Unit, Dog Squad, Tactical Operations Unit and Witness Security Unit to name but a few.


NSW Police Marine Area Command

NSW has a large and busy coastline leading to an expansive system of waterways. The NSW Police Marine Area Command's (MAC) responsibility extends to all coastal area's of NSW to 200 Nautical Miles out to sea. From the earliest days of settlement, the state has required a dedicated water based policing service. The services provided by MAC are similar to those carried out by land-based police, including crime prevention and detection,search and rescue.

Police vessels and personnel are strategically located at important commercial and leisure ports with the base at Balmain on Sydney Harbour. They are also based at Broken Bay, Newcastle, Port Stephens, Coffs Harbour, Botany Bay, Port Kembla and most recently Eden. Some remote country waterways are serviced by their Local Area Commands such as Deniliquin in the State's far south west.

NSW Water Police hold the distinction of being the first civilian form of policing established in NSW. In 1789, one year after the colony was founded, Governor Phillip created a 'Row Boat Guard' to patrol Sydney Cove for smugglers and convicts attempting to pass letters to ships anchored in the harbour.

By 1830 an independent Water Police Force was operating. It was merged, with all other Police units, into the NSW Police Department in 1862. In the late-19th century, the Water Police entered the 'modern era' of combustion engines with two steam launches, the 'Bileola' and the 'Argus'. These were used for nearly 35 years before they were replaced with motor launches.

With the introduction of the NSW Police Marine Area Command in July 1999, equipment includes 11 sea going craft and a number of smaller boats, all with electronic navigational aids. MAC employs 123 personnel, including operational water police, marine intelligence unit, marine crime prevention officer, divers, detectives and the marine operational support team (MOST)

Their duties include:

  • policing the waterways of NSW to reduce marine crime
  • protecting life and property, both at sea and on inland waters
  • overseeing aquatic events and controlling spectator craft
  • coordinating search and rescue off the coast of NSW
  • carrying out diving operations and underwater searches for missing persons and evidence
  • maintain and service police launches
  • addressing marine crime prevention issues
  • safety and compliance reinforcement

Uniform, arms and appointments

File:Untitleda.jpeg
Current New South Wales Police uniform insignia

New South Wales Police has two uniforms for general duties police officers, one operational and one ceremonial.

Working dress

The Operational Police Uniform consists of navy blue cargo pants with map pockets, ballooned at the bottom, light blue marle short or long sleeve shirt, navy blue baseball cap with blue and white Sillitoe Tartan(fluorescent yellow caps were worn by the (now defunct) seconded Central Business District Street Policing Unit - a High Visibility unit in the City of Sydney and general purpose boots. During winter the leather duty jacket is worn mostly in the Sydney Metro area, whilst in the rural or provincial areas of the state, a navy blue Polartec jacket is worn.

The Operational Police Uniform of the NSW Police is perhaps one of the most paramilitary police uniforms in Australia.

Ceremonial dress

The Ceremonial Uniform consists of G.P. Boots, Straight Leg Navy Blue Trousers, Tie, Blue Marle Shirt and Leather Duty Jacket. NSW Police College Staff, NSW Police Protocol and NSW Police Assistant Protocol Officers generally wear a Navy Blue Ceremonial Tunic during official occasions such as Attestation Parades (passing out parades), medal ceremonies and funerals etc. Assistant Protocol Officers are issued with a light blue/navy blue lanyard to be worn over the right shoulder and tucked into the right pocket during ceremonial occasions.

UN Blue Beret

During ANZAC day marches and United Nations Day marches in Sydney, New South Wales Police can be seen alongside their Australian Federal Police counterparts wearing the distinctive United Nations blue beret and full sized medals, if they have served with the Australian Federal Police in United Nations sanctioned peacekeeping operations.

Other: mess dress, specialist and plainclothes

New South Wales Police are also entitled to wear Mess dress with Mess kit for black tie or formal dinners/dances. The dark navy blue trousers and mess jacket with cobalt blue cuffs, eppalettes (with ranks) and lapels clearly identify them as being members of the New South Wales Police.

Specialist units (Airwing, Marine Area Command, State Protection Group Tactical Operations Unit, State Protection Group Dog Unit, Rescue Squad, Bomb Squad, Mounted Police Unit, Operations Support Group, Highway Patrol, Public Order and Riot Squad amongst others all have different uniform needs and are outfitted accordingly. Detectives wear plain clothes.

Arms and appointments

Members of the NSW Police are issued with a Self Loading Pistol, namely the Glock 22 SLP. The weapon's calibre is .40 S&W with a magazine capacity of 15 rounds. Members are also issued with a spare magazine for their pistol, Saflock (mark IV & V) handcuffs, O.C. (capsicum spray), ASP expandable baton, radio, and first aid kit. Members also carry a Police Issue Long Baton in crowd control environments. Each Police Officer is issued an identification metal badge with a Warrant Card.

Rank structure

The NSW Police is run in a para-military structure. Promotion to the Rank of Sergeant is based upon a "merit based" promotion system, although it has been open to widespread criticism amongst serving members, as experience, qualifications and mastery of practice is not taken into account.

Ranks

  • Senior Sergeant
  • Incremental Sergeant (Formerly 7th Year Sergeant)
  • Sergeant
  • Leading Senior Constable (Eligible after seven years service)
  • Incremental Senior Constable (Ten + Years Service)
  • Senior Constable
  • Constable
  • Probationary Constable
  • Student

Criminal investigation

If a New South Wales Police Officer elects to undertake Criminal Investigation duties, after a period of exams and assignments, and given experience in a criminal investigation office that officer is given the designation of Detective. As it is a designation and not a rank, the Designation comes prior to the Rank, i.e., Detective Constable, or Detective Senior Constable etc.

Returning to General Duties (uniform) is common for Detectives, and many Detectives seek promotion in the General Duties arena. They do not have the designation of "Detective" after leaving criminal investigation.

Leading Senior Constable

Note: Leading Senior Constable is the only position listed in the Rank structure. It is not a Rank per sae. It is only open for Senior Constables to apply for and is not a permanent position. If a member transfers to another duty type or station, the officer is then releived of the position of LSC. It primarily is a position for Field Training Officers who oversees the training and development of inexperienced Probationary Constables or Constables.

Experience

As members can be promoted to the Rank of Sergeant at 7 years, many less experienced members look towards the career practitioner for advice. As far as career or master practitioners are concerned, the Rank of Incremental Senior Constable (commonly known as a "barred up Senior Constable" (due to a bar above two chevrons on the members rank slide) cannot be overlooked in terms of experience, longevity and mastery of practice is concerned. It is not uncommon to see Incremental Senior Constables with over 35 years service in operational or "front line" policing activities.

Honours and awards

Recognition for the bravery and sacrifice of members of the NSW Police is expressed through honours and awards. The New South Wales Police is the only Australian Police jurisdiction to have one of its members awarded the Imperial Honour, namely the George Cross and the Australian Honour the Cross of Valour. Sergeant 3rd Class Eric George BAILEY GC was awarded the George Cross posthumously on the 12 January, 1945.

New South Wales Police also has the distinction in having one of its members being awarded the highest civilian bravery award, namely the Cross of Valour. In its history only 5 people have been awarded that award with a New South Wales Police Officer being the first Australian Police Officer to receive it. On the 3 May, 1996, the then Detective Senior Constable Sparkes rescued a boy trapped in a flooded underground storm water drain following record rainfalls at Coffs Harbour.

Members of the New South Wales Police have been awarded the four levels of Australian Bravery Decorations, namely Cross of Valour, Star of Courage, Bravery Medal and the Commendation for Brave Conduct.

Australian honours and awards

New South Wales Police are eligible for the following National Honours and Awards:

  • Australian Bravery Decorations, namely the Cross of Valour (CV), Star of Courage (SC), Bravery Medal (BM) and the Commendation for Brave Conduct.
  • Australian Police Medal (APM) (This Medal is awarded for distinguished service);
  • Police Overseas Service Medal (This Medal was established in 1991 to recognise service with international peacekeeping organisations by officers of Australian police forces. The Governor-General makes awards of the Medal on the recommendation of the Chief Officer of an Australian police force.);
  • National Medal (The National Medal is awarded for diligent long service to the community in hazardous circumstances, including in times of emergency and national disaster, in direct protection of life and property);
  • Campaign Medals such as United Nations Medal For Service.

Australian Honours and Awards are worn as left sided decorations.

Internal New South Wales Police honours and awards

New South Wales Police also have a number of inservice Honours and Awards, awarded by the Commissioner of Police. Commissioner Ryan QPM implemented the New South Wales Police Commissioners Olympic Commendation and the New South Wales Olympic Citation. This award is significant as the New South Wales Police is the only police force in the world to be permitted the Olympic Rings to be attached. It has been widely reported and accepted that the Sydney 2000 Olympics was the "Safest Games in modern Olympic history".

Commissioner Moroney AO APM implemented the Commissioners Community Service Commendation and Community Service Citation in 2002. NSW Police Honours and Awards are regarded by members of the NSW Police to be highly prized due to the fact that they are only awarded to members in small numbers. The only award that was given out in large numbers was the Commissioners Olympic Citation due to the massive contribution by all members of the force.

NSW Police decorations/commendations and medals

  • New South Wales Police Valour Award (VA);
  • New South Wales Police Commissioners Commendation (Courage);
  • New South Wales Police Commissioners Commendation (Service);
  • New South Wales Police Commissioners Olympic Commendation;
  • New South Wales Police Commissioners Community Service Commendation;
  • New South Wales Police Medal for Diligent and Ethical Service.

The above in-service decorations are worn 5 mm below the officers' name plate and are right sided decorations. Whereas the following in-service decorations are worn 5mm above the officers' name plate and are right sided decorations.

NSW Police Citations

  • New South Wales Police Unit Citation - metal device, with silver laurel leaf surround, with light blue enamel centre (maximum 3 further awards are indicated by silver stars;
  • New South Wales Police Commissioners Olympic Citation - metal device, with silver laurel leaf surround, with navy blue enamel centre and silver Olympic rings in centre;
  • New South Wales Police Commissioners Community Service Citation (maximum 1 further award indicated by one silver star) - metal device, with silver laurel leaf surround, with white enamel centre;

These inservice decorations are worn 5 mm above the officers' name plate and are right sided decorations;

Peacekeeping

New South Wales Police Officers have served with distinction in Peacekeeping Operations. New South Wales Police Officers are seconded to the Australian Federal Police and take an Oath or Affirmation of the AFP and are appointed to the Rank of Senior Sergeant, Station Sergeant, Superintendent or Commander. Following their service, UN Peacekeeping Veterans are awarded the United Nations Medal for their particular Mission. In addition, under the Australian System of Honours and Awards, Police Officers serving with peacekeeping organisations are awarded the Police Overseas Service Medal with the relevant clasp for the prescribed area of service.

Cyprus

Cyprus UNFCYP. Since UNFCYP commenced a large number of NSW Police served in UNFCYP alongside other Australian Police Jurisdictions.

East Timor

East Timor UNTAET & UNMISET 45 New South Wales Police Officers in total have been seconded to the Australian Federal Police for their Tour of Duty in East Timor with the United Nations.

NSW Police Peacekeeping Deaths

Out of the ten Australian Peacekeepers (including three Australian Police Peacekeepers) who have died on peacekeeping missions, two were from New South Wales Police whilst serving with UNFCYP. When one considers that the total number of Australian's who have died in Peacekeeping Misisons - New South Wales Police have made a large sacrifice. Sergeant Ian Ward and Inspector Patrick Hackett died in separate incidents in UNFCYP.

NSW Police Peacekeeping Bravery

In addition two NSW Police Officers have been commended for courage for Peacekeeping in East Timor, one by the Australian Government (Station Sergeant David McCann OAM - UNMISET) and one by the NSW Police Commissioner (Senior Sergeant Mark Aubrey GILPIN - UNTAET).

Station Sergeant David McCann OAM was awarded the Commendation for Brave Conduct for his part in the rescue of 110 vulnerable persons from a village in East Timor after it suffered major flooding.

Senior Sergeant Mark Gilpin was awarded the NSW Police Commendation (courage)for his part in protecting a member of the community who was being subjected to mob justice. Snr Sgt Gilpin placed his body in front of the mob who were armed with machettes and other weapons and managed to extract the victim to safety.

See also

Other Australia law agencies:

References

  1. ^ "Official NSW Police website organizational structure chart".
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