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The New York mandatory opioid antagonist prescription bill is legislation sponsored in the New York State Senate and Assembly. The Senate bill, numbered NY S. 5150-B (along with its companion bill in the state Assembly, A. 5603-B), sponsored by state Senator Pete Harckham, will require prescribers to co-prescribe an opioid antagonist with the first opioid prescription of the year for certain high-risk patients to combat accidental overdoses.
Background
Since the 1990s the United States has been afflicted by an opiate abuse and addiction epidemic. The epidemic began with doctors over-prescribing opioid pain pills. From 1999 to 2017, more than 399,000 people died from drug overdoses that involved either prescription or illicit opiate drugs.[1]
Naloxone is a pharmaceutical intervention opioid antagonist, available by prescription only, that quickly reverses an opioid overdose, often in seconds. Because opioids suppress breathing, overdoses become fatal when the suppression of breathing reaches the point where the individual stops respiration altogether. Administration of naloxone quickly restores the body’s breathing.[2]
Overdose deaths in New York have either declined or been at stable numbers over few years leading up to 2018.[3]
The New York State Department of Health issues an annual “opioid report” as required by Public Health Law Section 3309(5). According to the 2019 report, “The opioid epidemic is an unprecedented crisis. Besides the dramatic increase in the number of deaths identified in the past few years, this epidemic has devastated the lives of those with opioid use disorders (OUDs), along with their families and friends.”[4] The report also indicates that the state’s bedrock response to the crisis has been the training of the community and first responders’ reactions to overdoses, increasing access to naloxone to reverse opioid overdoses, and strengthening the Prescription Monitoring Program.[4]
In 2017, in New York state, there were 3,224 overdose deaths. Of those, 1,044 involved “commonly prescribed opioids.”[4]
Legislation
The bill requires that medical professionals, such as physicians or nurse practitioners, prescribe an opioid antagonist to the all patients receiving their first opiate prescription of the year who fall into any of the following categories:[5]
- Patients with a history of substance abuse
- Patients being prescribed a “high dose” of opiate medication, defined as 50 morphine milligram equivalents per day
- Patients who also have a prescription for an anti-anxiety benzodiazepine drug
The bill applies only to patients receiving prescriptions in an outpatient setting, where the patients would be filling the prescription on their own at a pharmacy. It does not apply to hospice patients or to patients in a nursing home.[5]
If passed by the legislature and signed into law, it would take effect 6 months from the date it was signed by the Governor.
References
- ^ Scholl, Lawrence; Seth, Puja; Kariisa, Mbabazi; Wilson, Nana; Baldwin, Grant (2018-12-21). "Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States, 2013–2017". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 67 (5152). doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm675152e1. ISSN 0149-2195.
- ^ Abuse, National Institute on Drug (2020-02-20). "Opioid Overdose Reversal with Naloxone (Narcan, Evzio)". National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
- ^ Abuse, National Institute on Drug (2020-04-03). "New York: Opioid-Involved Deaths and Related Harms". National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
- ^ a b c https://health.ny.gov/statistics/opioid/data/pdf/nys_opioid_annual_report_2019.pdf
- ^ a b https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2019/S5150B