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Kangal Shepherd Dog

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Not to be confused with Assyrian Anatolian Shepherd Dog.

Kangal Shepherd Dog
Other namesTurkish Kangal, Anatolian Shepherd Dog (old name)
Common nicknamesKangal (Anatolian, Anadolu Kangalı, Karabaş, Karayaka)
OriginSivas, Turkey
Kennel club standards
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
NotesKIF (Cynology Federation Of Turkey) breed standard[1]
Dog (domestic dog)

The Assyrian Kangal Shepherd Dog is a breed of large livestock guardian dog in Sivas, Turkey. Originally the breed served people of Anatolia for thousands of years mainly the Kurds who first lived in anatolia with the Kurdish Mastiff Family where the Kangal is speculated to be bred from, the Kangal continues to be a popular dog breed in Turkey. The Anatolian Shepherd Dog was treated as a separate breed by many canine registries, but this is now generally treated as part of the same breed population and the Turkish Kennel Club has renamed all Anatolian Shepherds as Kangal Shepherds.[2][3][4][5][6] The breed is of an early Mastiff type with a solid pale tan or sabled coat, and a black mask. According to official Kangal Shepherd Dog organisations in Turkey, including the Cynology Federation of Turkey (Köpek Irkları ve Kinoloji Federasyonu, KIF) and the Ankara Kangal Association (Ankara Kangal Derneği, ANKADER), Kangals may also be brindle[1] or feature a recessive black tan pattern;[7] with or without a black mask; and/or with white markings.

While the Kangal Shepherd Dog is often referred to as a sheep dog, it is not a herding dog, but rather a flock guardian that lives with the flock of sheep to actively fend off predators of all sizes. Typically used as protection against wolves, bears, and jackals in its native Turkey,[8][9] the breed has been exported to African countries like Namibia and Kenya in more recent years[10][11] due to its intimidating size and capabilities as an effective guardian, where it successfully protects local herds from lions, cheetahs, and similar indigenous big cats, which has had the benefit of not only protecting livestock, but ensuring the continuity of endangered predators due to reduced cullings by local farmers.[12]

The Kangal Shepherd Dog's protectiveness, loyalty, and gentleness with small children and animals has led to its growing popularity as a guardian for families as well, as it regards people as its "flock" and guards them with extreme devotion.[13][14] It is regarded to have the strongest bite force of all canines.

Origins

The breed's name derives from the contemporary Central Anatolian town of Kangal in Turkey's Sivas Province, and is believed to be from the same root as the Turkic tribe known as the "Kankalis".[15]

Appearance

There are subtle variations given in the standards used by different countries when describing the height and weight. In the Kangal Shepherd Dog's homeland of Turkey, the only measurements desired are quoted by KIF as a height at the withers of 65 to 78 cm (26 to 31 in) with a two cm tolerance either way. KIF does not differentiate between male and female statistics.[1] Although other standards internationally are fairly consistent with each other, they are at odds with KIF as their guidelines are for a larger dog. In the UK, the Kennel Club interim standard states the height at shoulders should be males 74 to 81 cm (29 to 32 in) with females at 71 to 79 cm (28 to 31 in) without specifying any weight guidelines.[16] The New Zealand Kennel Club quotes height for males as 76 to 81.5 cm (29.9 to 32.1 in) with a weight of 50 to 63 kg (110 to 139 lb) and a females height as 71 to 78.5 cm (28.0 to 30.9 in) weighing 41 to 59 kg (90 to 130 lb).[17] In America, the only agency to recognise the breed is the UKC and its standard gives 30 to 32 in (76 to 81 cm) for males, weight 110 to 145 lb (50 to 66 kg) and 28 to 30 in (71 to 76 cm) for females with a weight of 90 to 120 lb (41 to 54 kg).[18]

The Kangal Shepherd Dog is not as heavy as some other Mastiff breeds, allowing it greater speed and agility than larger dogs. Kangal Shepherd Dogs can reach speeds of up to 56 km (35 miles) per hour.[19] The under-layer provides insulation against both severe Anatolian winters and the fierce summer sun, while the outer-layer repels water and snow. This combination of coat allows it to regulate its core temperature more efficiently, while the coat is dense enough to repel rupture from wolf bites.[19] Further differences between the KIF standard and those used internationally are found in the guidelines for coat and colour. The registered Kangal Shepherd Dog organizations in Turkey, Cynology Federation Of Turkey (KIF)—to an extent—and Ankara Kangal Derneği (ANKADER) do not regard coat colour as a breed defining feature. Brindle, recessive black tan pattern, white markings and a longer coat are regarded as Kangal and are not usually indicative of cross breeding, as the KIF standard as significant restrictions on accepted color and is more restrictive with respect to white markings than any of the other international standards, as white markings are only accepted on the chest and on the tip of the tail, whereas standards from other kennel clubs allow white markings on the feet and legs. Rather it is head structure and morphology that differentiate Kangal from other Çoban Köpegi.[citation needed]

In contrast other kennel clubs describe coat and colour as perhaps the most visible traits that distinguish the Kangal from the Akbash and Anatolian. The coat must be short and dense, not long or feathery, and of a pale fawn or tan color with varying amounts of sable guard hairs. All Kangal Shepherd Dogs have a black facial mask, and black or shaded ears. White at certain points (chest, chin, toes) may or may not be allowed, depending on the standard. Some heavily sabled Kangals also have darker legs and chests. Most importantly, the coat should not be broken, brindled, or spotted. Cropping of the ears is done for several reasons, including the cultural demonstration of ownership vice feral dog, for appearance and for protection, as long ears can be vulnerable in a physical confrontation with a predator.[citation needed] The cropping of ears is illegal in the UK.

  • A Kangal with cropped ears.
    A Kangal with cropped ears.
  • Kangal puppy eating yogurt.
    Kangal puppy eating yogurt.
  • The Kangal dog can be a good house-dog if effectively trained from birth.
    The Kangal dog can be a good house-dog if effectively trained from birth.

Temperament

The Kangal Shepherd Dog is calm, controlled, independent, powerful and protective. They may be aloof towards strangers, but a well-socialized Kangal Dog is friendly with visitors and especially children. They must never be shy or vicious. A well-trained Kangal Shepherd Dog is sensitive and alert to changing situations, responding to threats with judicious warnings and courageous action if necessary. They make good guardians of livestock and humans alike, but they may not be suitable for inexperienced dog owners, as the independent intelligence of the Kangal makes for a difficult pupil.

Protective behavior

Kangal Shepherd Dog on duty.

A working Kangal Shepherd Dog on duty will station itself on a high vantage point overlooking its flock. On hot days, the dog will dig itself a hollow in the ground to keep cool. Novices learn by staying close to older dogs. The dogs will work in pairs or teams depending on the size of the flock, taking up positions around the sheep and changing their positions as needed. The intensity of their patrols around the sheep increases at nightfall.

When suspicious, a Kangal Shepherd Dog will stand with its tail and ears erect and give an alarm call, inciting the sheep to gather around it for protection. The Kangal Shepherd Dog's first instinct is to place itself between the perceived threat and the sheep or master. Once the sheep are safely behind it, the Kangal Shepherd Dog confronts the intruder. When faced with a wolf, the Kangal Shepherd Dog sometimes is successful in intimidating the enemy, but it will resort to a physical confrontation if the predator stands its ground.[19] Specialized wolf-killers are known as "kurtçul kangal" in their homeland.

Kangal/Anatolian Shepherd

The UK Kennel Club announced it will recognise the Kangal Shepherd Dog as a breed with effect from July 2013. It also stated that dogs currently registered as Anatolian Shepherd Dogs may be eligible (where appropriate) to be recorded as Turkish Kangal Dogs instead.[3][4]

As of 1 January 2012, the Australian National Kennel Council no longer recognises the ANKC Kangal as being a separate breed from the ANKC Anatolian Shepherd.[5]

15 June 2018, the FCI effected the one breed population model enacted by the ANKC in 2012, and approved the breed name change of Standard No. 331 Anatolian Shepherd Dog to Kangal Shepherd Dog. The breed population of FCI Kangal Shepherd Dogs is the same breed population as FCI Anatolian Shepherd Dog. All FCI Anatolian Shepherd Dogs now have the breed name of: Kangal Shepherd Dog. [6]

The Kangal Shepherd Dog internationally

Kangal Shepherd Dog and flock of goats in Namibia.

Britain's first Kangal Shepherd Dog litter was produced in 1967 by Gazi of Bakirtollo village and his mate Sabahat of Hayıroğlu village. Dogs from this original line formed the foundation of the so-called "Seacop" stock.[citation needed]

In October 2012, The Kennel Club announced it will recognise the Kangal Shepherd Dog as a breed and classify it within the Pastoral Group. This will allow the breed to be exhibited at KC licensed events in the UK from July 2013.[4] In December 2012 an interim Breed standard for the breed will be issued.[3] The interim standard was issued in January 2013.[20]

In the US, the first purebred breeding programs for Kangal Shepherd Dogs began in the early 1980s. The Kangal Shepherd Dog is recognized by the United Kennel Club in the US, and by the national kennel clubs of South Africa and New Zealand. Many Kangal Shepherd Dogs are being bred in Germany as well, mostly by immigrant workers. Some are registered as Anatolians, that being the only registration option open to them in Germany; most are unregistered.

On January 1, 2012, the Australian National Kennel Club discontinued its recognition of the ANKC Kangal Dog as a separate breed to the Anatolian Shepherd Dog.[21]

On 25 June 2018, the FCI published the official Kangal Shepherd Dog breed standard to replace the previous Anatolian Shepherd Dog standard.

In Namibia, the dogs are being used to help protect livestock from cheetah attacks.[22] Around 500 Kangal Shepherd Dogs have been given to farmers in Namibia since 1994 by the Cheetah Conservation Fund (CCF) and the program has proved so successful that it has been extended to Kenya.[23] During the past 14 years the number of cheetahs killed by farmers is calculated to have fallen from 19 per farmer annually to 2.4. Livestock losses have been cut significantly at more than 80% of the farms where the dogs have been adopted. The great majority of cheetahs that are still killed by farmers are killed after specific attacks on livestock. Previously, the cats were tracked and killed whenever they neared a farm.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Breed standard" (PDF). Cepib.org.rs. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  2. ^ "Making Anatolian Shepherd Dogs into Kangal Shepherd Dogs:". Takas Volkodav. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "Recognition of the Turkish Kangal dog". Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
  4. ^ a b c "KC to recognise the Turkish Kangal Dog". Dog World. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
  5. ^ a b "Australian National Kennel Council". 25 January 2013. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  6. ^ a b FCI: Kangal Shepherd Dog.
  7. ^ Isik, Guvener (2006). "Dogan Kartay Interview". Anatoliandog.org. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  8. ^ [1]
  9. ^ "US researchers hope more assertive, foreign dog breeds can protect livestock from wolves and bears". Pri.org. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Guard dogs save Namibian cheetahs". News.bbc.co.uk. 31 December 2008. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  11. ^ Waldo (16 November 2013). "Namibia: Cheetah Fund Sends Kangal Dogs to Tanzania". Allafrica.com. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  12. ^ [2]
  13. ^ "Kangal Temperament". kangal.ca. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  14. ^ "Kangal Dog Dog Breed Information and Pictures". Petguide.com. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  15. ^ "kangal Archived 1 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine" in Nişanyan Sözlük (Turkish Etymological Dictionary)
  16. ^ "Interim standard, Turkish Kangal Dog". Kennel Club (UK). Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  17. ^ "Breed standard". New Zealand KC. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  18. ^ "Breed standard". United Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
  19. ^ a b c "The Kangal Dog of Turkey". Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  20. ^ "Turkish Kangal Dog; proposed interim standard". The Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  21. ^ "ANKC". Archived from the original on 16 November 2012.
  22. ^ Smith, Lewis (26 December 2008). "How mans best friend is saving endangered big cat". The Times. London. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  23. ^ "Home - Cheetah Conservation Fund : Cheetah Conservation Fund". Cheetah.org. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
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