Jump to content

Vijayawada

Coordinates: 16°31′09″N 80°37′50″E / 16.5193°N 80.6305°E / 16.5193; 80.6305
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 202.83.56.30 (talk) at 14:49, 23 August 2020 (→Education). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Vijayawada
Bezawada, Vijayavatika, Rajendra Chola Pura,
Metropolis
Clockwise from top: Kanaka Durga Temple, Vijayawada city view, Prakasam Barrage, Vijayawada Railway Station, Vijayawada Airport, and Krishna River
Etymology: The Place of Victory
Nickname: 
Commercial capital of Andhra Pradesh
Vijayawada is located in Andhra Pradesh
Vijayawada
Vijayawada
Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 16°31′09″N 80°37′50″E / 16.5193°N 80.6305°E / 16.5193; 80.6305
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
DistrictKrishna
Incorporated (Municipality)1 April 1888
Incorporated (Corporation)1981
Wards77
Government
[2]
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodyVijayawada municipal council
 • MayorVacant
Area
[3]
 • Metropolis
61.88 km2 (23.89 sq mi)
 • Metro
[5]
181.04 km2 (69.90 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Metropolis
1,476,931[1]
 • Rank2nd (in AP)
 • Density16,715/km2 (43,290/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,576,931[4]
Literacy
 • Literates789,038
 • Literacy rate82.59%
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
520xxx
Area code+91–866
Vehicle registrationAP
Websitevijayawada.cdma.ap.gov.in

Vijayawada, also known as Bezawada[6][7] is a city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.[8] It lies on the banks of River Krishna surrounded by the hills of Eastern Ghats[9] known as Indrakeeladri Hills[9] in Krishna District. It geographically lies on the center spot of Andhra Pradesh.[10] The city has been described as the commercial, political, educational and media capital of Andhra Pradesh,[10] second largest city in Andhra Pradesh and is one of the rapidly growing urban areas in India.[11][12][13]

Vijayawada is considered to be a sacred place for residing one of the most visited and famous temples of Andhra Pradesh and India, Kanka Durga Temple of Hindu Goddess Durga.[14] It also serves as the ritual host of Pushkaram (a river worshipping ritual in Andhra Pradesh and India) of River Krishna.[15] There is a legend which says that Arjuna, one of the heroes of the Indian epic Mahabharata, prayed on top of the Indrakeeladri Hill in the city and won the blessings of Lord Shiva to get the Pashupatastra to win the Kurukshetra War.[10] It was called Vijayavatika (meaning Land of Victory in Telugu) when Goddess Durga killed the demon Mahishasura and rested on the Indrakeeladri Hill by the River Krishna establishing the victory over evil hence the place got its name Vijayavatika, "Vijaya"- meaning victory and "Vatika" meaning Place or land in Telugu.[16] Over the years Vijayavatika name changed to Rajendra Chola Pura during Chola Dynasty and Bezawada during British rule and eventually to Vijayawada.[17]

The city is also the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world.[18] and is classified as a Y-grade city by the Sixth Central Pay Commission.[19] The city is the second most populous in the state with a population of more than one million.[20] It was recognised as a "Global City of the Future" by McKinsey Quarterly, which expected an increase to GDP of $17 billion by 2025.[21][22] In October 2018, it was awarded with ISO 37120 platinum level certification and has been added to the "Global Cities Registry".[23][24]

Due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions, the city has emerged as a major educational hub in recent times, with many of nationwide students studying in the city. It is expected to be the India's 10th fastest growing economy in the world by 2035, a report published by Oxford Economics.[25] Due to its rating highly in entertainment, construction, food as well as education, health care, transport,[26] It is ranked as India's ninth most liveable city as per Ease of Living Index 2018, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs[27] and 2nd most liveable city in the state of Andhra Pradesh.[28]

The Vijayawada Junction railway station is one of the busiest in the country.[29] Its stands as one of the ten busiest railway junctions in the country.

Toponomy

There are many legends behind the origin of the name Vijayawada. Goddess Durga killed Mahishasura and relaxed at this place. As she was victorious, the place came to be known as Vijayawada (vijaya translates to victory[30] and wada as place, literally meaning The Place of Victory).[31] The hill was called as Indrekeeladri since it was frequently visited by Indra and his affiliates.[32] The epic Mahabharata refers to the Indrakiladri hills as the place where Arjuna secured Pashupatastra from Shiva. One of the names of Arjuna is "Vijaya" (invincible). Thus city thereafter came to be known as Vijayavatika ('Vatika' translates to place in Telugu) and later as Vijayawada.[33]

In some legends, Vijayawada was referred to as Rajendracholapura as Virarajendra Chola won a battle against Chalukyas in 1068 and ruled over this place.[34] A tale behind its acquiring the name Bezawada is that Goddess Krishnaveni (River Krishna) requested Arjuna to make a passage for her to merge into the Bay of Bengal. Hence, Arjuna made a bejjam (hole) through the mountains and the place came to be known as Bejjamwada which later changed to Bezawada.[35][36][37] Other names of Vijayawada were being Vijayavata, Beejapuram, Kanakaprabha, Kanakapuram, Kanakawada, Jayapuri, Vijayapuri, Phalguna Kshetram and Jananathpura.[38]

History

Bezawada (as Vijayawada was known then) was founded around 626 A.D. by Paricchedi Kings. Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada) was ruled by King Madhava Varma (one of the kings of Vishnukundina dynasty).[39] Chinese Buddhist scholar Xuanzang stayed a few years in Bezawada (Vijayawada) in around 640 A.D. to copy and study the Abhidhamma Pitaka, the last of the three pitakas (Pali for baskets) constituting the Pali canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism.[40]

Mogalrajapuram hills have five rock-cut temples, built during the 4th–9th centuries. Some of the caves can be attributed to Vishnukundina dynasty. Akkana Madanna Caves, at the foot of Indrakeeladri Hill, is a monument of national importance.[41]

At the foot of Indrakeeladri hills is the temple of Malleswara. The temple has inscriptions dating back to 9th century AD to 16th century AD by various kings. There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab (recognised as monuments by Archaeological Survey of India) with inscriptions in the Telugu language. Of them, the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II of Eastern Chalukyas are important.[41]

In the early 16th century, during the reign of Qutb Shahi dynasty (also known as Golconda Sultanate), diamond mines were found near Vijayawada on the banks of Krishna River.[42]

Geography

Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna River,[43] covered by hills and canals.[18] It is 18.5 km (11.5 mi) from the state capital, Amaravati.[44] and at an altitude of 11 m (36 ft) above sea level. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasham barrage reservoir — Eluru, Bandar, and Ryves — flow through the city.[45]

Climate

Vijayawada has a tropical climate (Köppen Aw).[46] The annual mean temperatures range between 23.4–34 °C (74–93 °F); with the maximum temperatures often crosses 40 °C (104 °F) in the month of May and the minimum in December and January.[47] The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) in May 2002, and the lowest was 12.4 °C (54 °F) in January 1997. May is the hottest and January is the coldest month of the year.[47][48] It receives rainfall from the South-west and North-east monsoons[46] and the average annual rainfall recorded is 977.9 mm (38.50 in).[47]

Climate data for Vijayawada (Vijayawada Airport, located in Gannavaram) 1981–2010, extremes 1950–2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.9
(96.6) 		37.8
(100.0) 		43.3
(109.9) 		44.5
(112.1) 		48.8
(119.8) 		47.6
(117.7) 		41.0
(105.8) 		41.1
(106.0) 		38.6
(101.5) 		38.2
(100.8) 		35.8
(96.4) 		36.7
(98.1) 		48.8
(119.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.2
(86.4) 		32.9
(91.2) 		35.7
(96.3) 		37.9
(100.2) 		40.0
(104.0) 		37.6
(99.7) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.8
(91.0) 		33.1
(91.6) 		32.1
(89.8) 		31.2
(88.2) 		30.2
(86.4) 		34.0
(93.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18.6
(65.5) 		20.3
(68.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.4
(77.7) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.0
(80.6) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		23.7
(74.7) 		21.2
(70.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		23.4
(74.1)
Record low °C (°F) 11.1
(52.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.2
(68.4) 		21.4
(70.5) 		21.4
(70.5) 		18.2
(64.8) 		17.6
(63.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		13.0
(55.4) 		11.1
(52.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 7.2
(0.28) 		7.6
(0.30) 		16.9
(0.67) 		16.3
(0.64) 		59.9
(2.36) 		117.2
(4.61) 		194.9
(7.67) 		179.4
(7.06) 		173.5
(6.83) 		144.8
(5.70) 		48.1
(1.89) 		12.1
(0.48) 		977.9
(38.50)
Average rainy days 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 2.5 6.8 12.1 10.5 8.8 7.7 2.5 0.8 54.5
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 57 54 48 47 45 50 64 69 74 77 67 58 59
Source: India Meteorological Department[49][50]

Demographics

The city is the second most populous in the state and the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world, with approximately 31,200 people per square km.[51] As of 2011 Census of India, it had a population of 1,021,806, of which males are 524,918 and females are 523,322 — for a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males — higher than the national average of 940 per 1000.[4][52] 92,848 children were in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 47,582 were boys and 45,266 were girls: a ratio of 951 per 1000. The average literacy rate stood at 82.59% (male 86.25%; female 78.94%) with 789,038 literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.[4][53]

Language and religion

Religion in Vijayawada (2011)
Hinduism
 
 85.16%
Islam
 
 9.12%
Christianity
 
 3.64%
Others (incl.unclassified and
religion not stated)
 
 1.59%

The predominant language spoken by the city residents is Telugu.[54] In the 2011 census, the total number of language speakers in the city (including the outgrowths) were 1,143,232. Telugu is spoken by 1,022,376 speakers, followed by 90,876 Urdu. A significant minority speak Hindi, Tamil, Odia, Gujarati, Marathi and Malayalam.[55] In the same census, the total religious population in the city (including the outgrowths) was 1,143,232. It constituted 973,612 Hindus (85.16%), 104,206 Muslims (9.12%), 41,557 Christians (3.64%), 5,722 Jains (0.50%) and 18,135 (1.59%) did not state any religion.[56]

Governance

Civic administration

Vijayawada Municipal Corporation is the civic governing body of the city and was the first ISO 9001 certified urban local body in the country.[57]

It was constituted on 1 April 1888 and was upgraded to selection grade municipality in 1960, and, to the corporation in 1981. The jurisdictional area of the corporation is spread over an area of 230 km2 (89 sq mi) with 64 wards.[58][59] The present Municipal Commissioner of the city is Sri V. Prasanna Venkatesh, IAS[60] and the present mayor is Koneru Sridhar.[61] Vijayawada is the headquarters of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority.[62]

As per the G.O. 104 (dated:23-03-2017), the state government had declared Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and its contiguous areas as a metropolitan area of Vijayawada.[63] Its jurisdiction is spread over an area of 230 km2 (89 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 18 lakhs.[64] The metropolitan area covers Vijayawada municipal corporation and merged villages of Ambapuram, Buddavaram, Done Atkuru, Enikepadu, Ganguru, Gannavaram, Gollapudi,[58] Gudavalli, Jakkampudi, Kanuru, Kesarapalle, Nidamanuru, Nunna, Pathapadu, Penamaluru,Phiryadi Nainavaram, Poranki, Prasadampadu, Ramavarappadu, Tadigadapa, Kankipadu, Vuyyuru, Katuru, Bollapadu, Mudunuru and Yanamalakuduru.[65] The urban agglomeration spread in Guntur district covers Tadepalle Municipality and its outgrowth of Undavalli; Mangalagiri Municipality and its outgrowths of Navuluru and Atmakur.[66]

Utility services

Water supply from the 59 water reservoirs, maintenance of roads, sewerage, underground drainage, environment protection programs, recycling of solid waste and producing power are the services provided by the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation.[67] There has been an underground drainage system in the city since 1967–68. Many green parks are maintained by the corporation to protect the environment such as Raghavaiah park, Rajiv Gandhi Park, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Park, Mahatma Gandhi Park etc.[68] The corporation won many awards and achievements such as National Urban Water Award (2009), Siti e-Governance Project, ISO 9001 certification for Quality Management System.[3]

The Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department with its headquarters in the city[69] is responsible for protecting from fire accidents that occur during summers on the hill slope areas of the city.[70]

Pollution control

The report on solid waste generation in 46 metro cities for the year 2015–16 shows Vijayawada produces 550 tonnes of solid waste per day.[1] Vijayawada is one of the cities to be covered under the Solar/Green Cities scheme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and is one of the 15 cities in the country listed in Pilot Solar Cities.[71] In 2007, the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) that operates the city's public transport system introduced less-polluting CNG fueled public transport busses in a drive to reduce the operational cost and protect the environment.[72]  In 2019, with the cost of CNG and fleet maintenance on the rise, the APSRTC had begun replacing the CNG run busses with BS4 and BS6 standard diesel-fueled buses.[73] However, APSRTC continues to be committed to alternative fuels for its fleet. It has since added more electric,[74] and biodiesel fueled busses.[75] Likewise, the city has a large number of CNG fueled auto-rickshaws that support public transportation needs. However, auto-rickshaw operators have frequently suffered disruption in CNG supply and usually endure long queues to refuel.[76][77] In February 2020, Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited launched the sale of electric auto-rickshaws in the city.[78] 

Law and order

The Vijayawada City Police has its own Police Commissionerate, which is responsible for an area of 1,211.16 km2 (467.63 sq mi),[79] is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an Indian Police Service officer of Additional Director General of Police rank along with one joint commissioner of police and four Deputy Commissioners of Police who are also IPS officers. The present Police commissioner is Ch. Dwaraka Tirumala Rao.[80]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Vijayawada
A view of PVP Mall on M.G. Road

Vijayawada is one of the rapidly growing urban markets of the country.[81] The sectors that contribute to the city economy are construction, education, entertainment, food processing, hospitality, registrations, transport, etc.[82] Based on the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission, it is classified as one of the Y-grade cities of India.[19] According to one study, the GDP of the city in 2010 was $3 billion (Rs. 18,000 crore) and is expected to grow up to $17 billion (Rs. 1,02,000 crore) by 2025.[83] According to another by Oxford the GDP of the city in 2018 was $5.8 billion and is expected to grow up to $21 billion by 2035.[84]

Andhra Cements (1937) was the first cement factory in Andhra Pradesh. Siris Pharmaceuticals was the first pharma company in Andhra Pradesh and was established in 1950.[citation needed]

The city has trading and exporting markets for agriculture and industrial goods.[85] The Nunna Mango Market is one of the largest mango markets in Asia, exporting to major cities in the country.[86] It is also a hub for storage, bottling, and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies like BPCL, HPCL, and IOC.[87]

The city is also attracting many international IT companies. HCL Technologies, wipro, the Noida-based Indian multinational is constructing its Vijayawada campus in Kesarapalli Village, near to Gannaravam. In the first phase HCL will provide employment to 5,000 students.[88]

The growing population and economy have resulted in rising real estate prices.[89]

Culture

Kondapalli toys, craftwork from a suburb of Vijayawada


Night view of Prakasam Barrage

The city is known in the state for its cultural history,[90] whose residents are more often referred to as Vijayawadians.[91] There are many religions, languages, traditions, and festivals.[92][93] Durga Pooja and a special Theppotsavam in Krishna river are important events of the Hindu festival of Dussera in the city, mainly due to the existence of self-manifested Kanaka Durga Temple.[94] Hazarat Bal Mosque is a Muslim shrine housing the holy relic of the Prophet Mohammed.[95] The Gunadala Mary Matha Church is an important shrine for Christians and illuminates during Christmas Eve.[96]

The city corporation organises "Happy Sunday," an event organised on the first Sunday of every month at M.G. Road for promoting activities such as sports, games, cultural events, and yoga.[97] The clothing of the locals includes traditional men wearing dhoti and women wearing saree and salwar kameez. western clothing is also predominant.[98]

Arts, crafts and artefacts

The Vijayawada Art Society promotes Telugu arts.[99] The city hosted Poetic Prism 2015, a multilingual poet's meet on 19 September 2015.[93] All these activities are organised in collaboration with the Cultural Centre of Vijayawada. Kondapalli Toys — which were granted geographical indication in 2007[100] — are handmade by the artisans of Kondapalli, a suburb of Vijayawada.[101] Victoria Jubilee Museum is an archaeological museum in the city, which houses sculptures, paintings, and artefacts of Buddhist and Hindu relics, dating back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries.

Cityscape

Main article: List of visitor attractions in Vijayawada
File:Vijayawada landscape.jpg
Panorama of Vijayawada

Vijayawada was paired as a sister city of Modesto, California in 1993.[102] The city has old and new town areas. The One Town area of the city is known as old city area, comprising areas such as Islampeta, Jendachettu Centre, Kamsalipeta, Rajarajeswaripeta, Kothapeta, Ajithsinghnagaram, and Winchipeta.[103] The new city areas include areas such as Autonagar, Benz circle, Chuttugunta, Labbipeta, Machavaram Down, Mogalrajapuram, NTR circle, Tikkle Road, Governorpeta, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road and Suryaraopet.[103][104][105]

Vijayawada city from Gandhi hill

Brindavan Colony, Commercial Taxes Colony, Gunadala, Veterinary Colony are some of the residential areas.[104] Bank Colony, Bharati Nagar, Gayatri Nagar, Currency Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram, Gurunanak Colony,APIIC Colony, LIC Colony, Patamata and MG Road are the upscale residential areas.[106][107] The major commercial areas include the stretch of MG Road and from Benz Circle to Ramavarappadu Ring.[104][107] Other commercial centers are Besant Road, Rajagopalachari street, One Town market area covering Kaleswara Rao Market, and Vastralatha.[108][109][110]

The city has many landmarks which include, Prakasham Barrage across the Krishna river;[111] Krishnaveni Mandapam (River Museum) depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as, Krishnaveni statue; Gandhi Hill, the first Gandhi Memorial in the country, located at an elevation of 500 ft on the on a hill; Bhavani Island, one of the largest river island amidst Krishna River.

Transport

Public transport

The primary modes of intra-city public transport are city buses and auto rickshaws.[112] Apart from these, other means of transport are motorcycles, cycle rickshaws, and bicycles.[112]: 37, 44  The Pandit Nehru Bus Station and the Vijayawada railway station are the major transport infrastructure for road and rail transport.[113] The Pandit Nehru bus station is the administrative headquarters of APSRTC,[114] which is ranked as the fourth largest and busiest bus terminals in the country.[115] The City Division of APSRTC operates close to 450 buses for an average of 300,000 daily commuting passengers.[116] Autonagar bus terminus and city bus port is used for city bus services.[117][118] The city buses ply in major routes of Besant Road, Eluru Road, M G Road and to the city outskirts of Ibrahimpatnam, Kondapalli and Nunna.[119]

Road

The two major National Highways, NH-16 (Kolkata–Chennai) and NH-65 (Pune-Machilipatnam), provides road connectivity with other states and major cities.[120][121] National Highway 30 from Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh terminates near the city suburb of Ibrahimpatnam.[121] The Inner Ring Road connects NH-16 and NH-65 to serve the main purpose of easing traffic congestion.[122] While, BRTS corridor is utilised exclusively for city buses.[123]

The seamless commuting in the city is supported by the presence of 16 bridges across the three canals of Bandar, Eluru, and Ryves.[124] M G Road and Eluru Road are the major arterial roads of the city,[125] with as many as 90,000 vehicles plying M.G. Road (Bandar Road) itself.[126] The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi),[127] used by 678,004 non-transport and 94,937 transport vehicles.[128] The heavy vehicles like lorries are used for freight transport and hold a share of 18% in the country.[129] Short distance commuting is served by 27,296 auto rickshaws plying the city roads every day,[128] which include the women-driven 'She Autos' as well.[130] The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi), covering 1,230.00 km (764.29 mi) of municipal roads, 22.74 km (14.13 mi) of R&B (Roads & Buildings) department roads, 11.50 km (7.15 mi) of National Highways.[131] M.G. Road and Eluru road are the main arterial roads of the city.[132] Benz Circle is one of the busiest road junctions in the city with an average of 57,000 vehicles crossing daily, The junction has the intersection of two national highways of NH 16 and NH 65.[133]

Rail

Vijayawada railway station

Vijayawada railway station was established in the year 1888.[134] It is one of the busiest stations of Indian Railways.,[135] the busiest railway station in South India, and is classified as a Non-Suburban Grade-2 (NSG-2) station in Vijayawada railway division.[136] The station is a junction station for the trains from Hyderabad, Chennai Central, Machilipatnam and Visakhapatnam Junction.[137] A train route connecting Vijayawada and Hyderabad was laid in 1889. Suburban rail services are operated from the railway station to the nearby cities of Guntur and Tenali.[138][139] The city houses the headquarters of Vijayawada railway division,[140] one of the three railway divisions of South Coast Railway zone.[141] The station has also a diesel and electric loco sheds which have a capacity of holding 220 locos by both the sheds. The city of Vijayawada has several satellite stations such as Gannavaram, Gunadala, Krishna Canal, Ramavarappadu,[142] Kondapalli, Rayanapadu,[143] Madhura Nagar,[144] and Nidamanuru.[145]

Suburban and high speed rail

A proposed circular train connectivity would connect Vijayawada with neighbouring cities of Guntur, Tenali, Mangalagiri and the state capital, Amaravati.[146][147] The Vijayawada Metro is a planned rapid transit system that would be constructed in two corridors.[148] In September 2017, Hyperloop Transportation Technologies signed an agreement with the Andhra Pradesh State Government to build a Hyperloop between the cities of Amaravati and Vijayawada. The two-phase project would begin with a six-month feasibility study which would be followed by actual construction.[149][150][151] The feasibility study was delayed apparently, at least until February 2018, when the company delivered a "pre-feasibility study".[152]

Air

Vijayawada Airport

The Vijayawada Airport at Gannavaram provides air connectivity to major metropolitan cities of the country.[153] On 3 May 2017, Vijayawada Airport was upgraded from Domestic to International. International Flights started from 4 December 2018 by Indigo Airlines to Singapore. The International Flights to Singapore stopped after 27 June 2019 because the State Government stopped Viability Gap Funding in June 2019 .[153] As of June 2019, it registered a domestic passenger movement growth rate of 70.0% with a Total of 11 Lakh 92 Thousand Passengers in FY 19.[154] Aircraft movement recorded a growth of 65.0%.[155]

Education

NTR University of Health Sciences
Administrative office of V.R. Siddhartha Engineering College

The Primary and Secondary School Education is imparted by the Government, Aided and Private Schools, under the State School Education Department.[156][157] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the city has 133,837 students enrolled in 529 Schools.[158] The state and CBSE syllabus are followed by schools for the Secondary School Certificate.[159][160] The languages of instruction are English, Urdu and Telugu.[161]

For 10+2 education, there are two government junior colleges, namely S.R.R. & C.V.R. Government College and Government Junior College (at Vinchipeta); a railway junior college; three co-operative, 12 private aided, including the oldest, S.R.R & C.V.R College (established in 1937), Andhra Loyola College (established in December 1953), Maria Stella College for Girls (established in 1962); Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College (established in 1977), the oldest engineering college in Andhra Pradesh, and many private unaided colleges.[162] School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada (SPAV) was established in 2008, a higher education institute in Vijayawada. It is one of the three Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2008 as an autonomous institute and a fully central funded institution.It also has Dr.Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Medical College in Cinna Avuttapalle.

The Sarvotthama Grandhalaya is a city library established on 30 March 1987. It serves an average daily readership of 200, equipped with 22,000 books related to many fields.[163] VMC & VBFS Research and Reference Library is a reader's room/library maintained by Vijayawada Book Festival Society.[164]

Media

Visalaandhra was the first newspaper in the state, started from Vijayawada.[165] As per the 58th annual report of Press India 2013–14, the large and medium Telugu daily publications from Vijayawada include Andhra Jyothy, Eenadu, Sakshi, Suryaa, Andhra Prabha, Telugu Jatiya Dinapatrika Vaartha, Praja Sakti, and Udaya Bharatam. The English publications are Deccan Chronicle, The Hindu, The Times of India, News Boom, The Fourth Voice, and Views Observer.[166]

The All India Radio Vijayawada was commissioned on 1 December 1948.[167] Its building was named after Pingali Venkaiah, the designer of the Indian flag.[168] The channels broadcast by All India Radio are Rainbow Krishnaveni FM,[168][169] Vividh Bharati.[170] Telugu Doordarshan Saptagiri is located here.

Sports

Vijayawada PWD ground

Indira Gandhi Stadium in the city is the headquarters of the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh.[171] It has hosted the only Men's ODI on 24 November 2002, played between India and West Indies.[172]

The only women's ODI was hosted on 12 December 1997, played as a group match of 1997 Women's Cricket World Cup between England women's and Pakistan women's teams.[173] Makineni Basavapunnaiah Stadium at Ajit Singh Nagar is another stadium that caters the sporting needs of the northern part of the city.[174] Indoor stadiums include Dandamudi Rajagopala Rao Indoor Stadium (DRRIS) at M.G.Road and Chennupati Ramakotaiah Indoor Stadium (CRIS) at Patamatalanka. The DRRIS was named after the former weightlifter, Dandamudi Rajagopala Rao, who participated in the 1951 Asian Games and the 1956 Olympics.[175] The DRRIS hosted several national and international sporting events, such as the 79th Senior Badminton Champions.[176]

Spoorthy is the first paddler from the city to have represented at International Level.[177] Andhra Cricket Association (ACA) International Cricket Stadium is being built on a 30-acre (12 ha) site at Navuluru village, Mangalagiri Mandal of Guntur district, 15 km from the city of Vijayawada. It will serve as the Andhra Cricket Association stadium.[178] Vijaya Madhavi Tennis Academy is in Loyola College. Loyola College Grounds hosted many national-level events which includes a Ranji match.[citation needed][179]

The Railway Sports Stadium, near the Railway Station, hosted several National Level Railway competitions such as bodybuilding competitions, under-19 cricket championships and a few Non-Railway events. This stadium has a gallery facility of over 10,000 people. Makineni Basava Punnaiah stadium is another open stadium in the city. Dandamudi Raja Gopal Rao Indoor Stadium is one of the noted Badminton Stadiums in Andhra Pradesh. It has hosted several national level badminton and table tennis championships.[180][181]

Notable people

Notable people born in, or associated with, the city include:-

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Solid Waste Generation in 46 Metrocities" (PDF). Central Pollution Control Board. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.
  2. ^ M. N., Samdani (12 May 2015). "Andhra Pradesh's move to supply Krishna water to Coca-Cola plant irks opposition". The Times of India. Mangalagiri. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  3. ^ a b "Vijayawada: A Profile" (PDF). Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. p. 1. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  4. ^ a b c "Hand Book of Statistics 2015 Krishna District" (PDF). Department of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh. Machilipatnam. 2014–15. p. 6. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  5. ^ "Population of Vijayawada". Census of India. Ministry of Home Affairs. 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  6. ^ "Tunnel road lives up to name Bezawada". Deccan Chronicle. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  7. ^ Rao, G. Venkataramana (3 November 2016). "Xuan Zang stayed in Vijayawada to study Buddhist scriptures". The Hindu. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  8. ^ reddy, u sudhakar (19 August 2016). "Vijayawada is third densely packed city; 31,200 people in every square km". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  9. ^ a b "Geography of Vijayawada". www.mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  10. ^ a b c "About Vijayawada – VijayawadaPolice". Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  11. ^ Pink, William T.; Noblit, George W. (2017). Second International Handbook of Urban Education. Springer. p. 400. ISBN 978-3-319-40317-5. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  12. ^ Reddy, V. V. Subba (2009). Temples of South India. Gyan Publishing House. p. 79. ISBN 9788121210225. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  13. ^ Rao, Ch Krishna (2014). Adoption of Tissue Culture in Horticulture: A Study of Banana-Growing Farmers from a South-Indian State. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4438-5741-3. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  14. ^ "History". www.kanakadurgamma.org. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  15. ^ "Krishna Pushkaralu", Wikipedia, 13 April 2019, retrieved 17 April 2020
  16. ^ "About Vijayawada – VijayawadaPolice". Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  17. ^ "ABOUT VIJAYAWADA". www.vikasinstitutionsnunna.org. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  18. ^ a b "Vijayawada is third densely packed city; 31,200 people in every square km". 19 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  19. ^ a b "Sixth Central Pay Commission Classification of Cities" (PDF). Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  20. ^ "Vijayawada: Traffic regulation need of the hour". Deccan Chronicle. 24 February 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  21. ^ Raghavendra, V. "A fillip for "McKinsey's global city"". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  22. ^ "Economy of the City" (PDF). City Development Initiative For Asia. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  23. ^ Boda, Tharun (5 October 2018). "City gets ISO 37120 certification, enters Global Cities Registry". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  24. ^ "Global Cities Registry™". World Council on City Data. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  25. ^ "All of the top 10 fastest growing cities in the world are in India". Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  26. ^ "Vijayawada, a growth engine for Andhra Pradesh economy – Deccan Chronicle". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  27. ^ "India – Ease of Living Index" (PDF). IPSOS. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  28. ^ "Tirupati and Vijayawada among top 10 most liveable cities in India". The News Minute. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  29. ^ admin (29 January 2019). "Top 10 Railway Junctions in India". Indian Rail Info by TravelKhana. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  30. ^ P, Chennabasaveshwar (31 December 2018). "Vijayawada: Kanaka Durga Temple management to implement dress code for devotees". One India. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  31. ^ Ross (1988). Corporate Finance 8E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-07-009124-5. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  32. ^ "History of Indrakeeladri". AP Temples Portal. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  33. ^ "Vijayawada Region". AP Tourism. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  34. ^ "History Of Vijayawada". blessingsonthenet.com. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  35. ^ Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1993). South Indian Shrines (Rev. and enl. ed.). New Delhi [u.a.]: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0151-2. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  36. ^ Reddy, V.V. Subba (2009). Temples of South India. New Delhi: Gyan Pub. House. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-212-1022-5. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  37. ^ "Tunnel road lives up to name Bezawada". Deccan Chronicle. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  38. ^ Sajnani, Manohar (2001). Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 9788178350189.
  39. ^ Sculptures in a cavern at Bezawara [Vijayawada] supposed to belong to the Jain Religion. 21 August 1815, retrieved 2 September 2013
  40. ^ Rao, G. Venkataramana (3 November 2016). "Xuan Zang stayed in Vijayawada to study Buddhist scriptures". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
  41. ^ a b "Monuments of ASI under Hyderabad Circle".
  42. ^ P., Raghunadha Rao (1997). History and culture of Andhra Pradesh : from the earliest times to the present day. Sterling Publishers. ISBN 9788120717190. OCLC 46680300.
  43. ^ "With love, from Venice to Vijayawada". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  44. ^ "Vijayawada, Amaravati twin cities". Deccan Chronicle. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  45. ^ "Canal bunds hot beds for growth of slums spotlight". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  46. ^ a b "Vijayawada City Disaster Management Plan – 2015" (PDF). Disaster Management. p. 6. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  47. ^ a b c "Vijayawada Climatological Table Period: 1981–2010". India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  48. ^ "Vijayawada weather". Deccan Chronicle. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  49. ^ "Station: Gannavaram (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 281–282. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  50. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  51. ^ reddy, u sudhakar (19 August 2016). "Vijayawada is third densely packed city; 31,200 people in every square km". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  52. ^ "Sex Ratio". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  53. ^ "Chapter–3 (Literates and Literacy rate)" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  54. ^ "The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Vijayawada News : Championing the cause of Telugu language". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  55. ^ "C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Town Level". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 13 May 2019. Select "Andhra Pradesh" from the download menu. Data for "Vijayawada (M+OG)" is at row 11723 of the excel file.
  56. ^ "C-1 Population By Religious Community". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 13 May 2019. Select "Andhra Pradesh" from the download menu. Data for "Vijayawada (M+OG)" is at row 2395 of the excel file.
  57. ^ Bhatnagar, Subhash (1 March 2009). Unlocking E-Government Potential: Concepts, Cases and Practical Insights. SAGE Publications India. p. 195. ISBN 9788132102489. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  58. ^ a b "Govt Declares Vijayawada A Metropolitan City". Primepost.in. 25 March 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  59. ^ "Statistical Information of ULBs and UDAs" (PDF). Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh. 27 February 2019. p. 2. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  60. ^ "Commissioner's Profile". Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  61. ^ "Workshop on fertilizers today". The Hindu. Vijayawada. 8 February 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  62. ^ Special Correspondent. "AP Capital Region Development Authority comes into being". The Hindu. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  63. ^ "Welcome to Government Order Issue Register". goir.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  64. ^ "Govt Declares Vijayawada A Metropolitan City". Primepost.in. 25 March 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  65. ^ Reporter, Staff. "Vijayawada, 19 other contiguous areas notified as Metropolitan Area". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  66. ^ "Name of Urban Agglomeration and its State constituent Units-2011" (PDF). Census of India. p. 11,22–23. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  67. ^ "About VMC". Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  68. ^ "Parks in Vijayawada". ourvmc. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  69. ^ RAGHAVENDRA, V. "Fire HQ at Vijayawada to open in Nov". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  70. ^ "3.5 lakh people in Vijayawada vulnerable to fire mishaps". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  71. ^ "Mahabubnagar, Vijayawada to be developed as 'Solar Cities'". The Hindu. Hyderabad. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  72. ^ "CNG buses hit the road". The Hindu. 28 July 2007. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  73. ^ "Diesel buses to replace RTC city CNG fleet". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  74. ^ Varma, P. Sujatha (14 September 2017). "APSRTC mulls inclusion of electric buses in its fleet". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  75. ^ Reporter, Staff (18 January 2019). "'APSRTC using biodiesel to cut pollution'". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  76. ^ Sankar, K. N. Murali (8 November 2009). "CNG shortage puts auto drivers in a fix". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  77. ^ Bhattacharjee, Sumit (13 April 2014). "Scanty, dry fuel stations hit CNG autos". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  78. ^ www.ETAuto.com. "Piaggio launches Ape' E-city in Vijaywada at Rs 1.96 lakh – ET Auto". ETAuto.com. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  79. ^ "Vijayawada City Police – VijayawadaPolice". Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  80. ^ "Tirumala Rao is Vijayawada police chief". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  81. ^ "The rapidly growing, stable markets of southern India – Livemint". www.livemint.com. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  82. ^ "Vijayawada, a growth engine for Andhra Pradesh economy". Deccan Chronicle. 28 May 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  83. ^ http://www.cdia.asia/wp-content/uploads/Executive-Summary-Vijayawada-Pre-Feasibility-Study-Urban-Transport.pdf
  84. ^ "Economy of the City". Financial express. Retrieved 15 July 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  85. ^ "Economy of the City" (PDF). Cities Development Initiative for Asia. City Development Initiative For Asia. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  86. ^ Rao, G. Venkataramana. "Asia's biggest mango market loses sheen". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  87. ^ "Industrial Scenario" (PDF). apind.gov.in. p. 10. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  88. ^ "HCL to create 5,000 jobs in Andhra Pradesh's Kesarapalli". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  89. ^ "Despite slowdown, housing prices bullish across cities". The Economic Times. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  90. ^ Laveesh, Bhandari (2009). Indian States at a Glance 2008–09: Performance, Facts and Figures – Andhra Pradesh. Pearson Education India. p. 23. ISBN 9788131723319.
  91. ^ "It's New Year revelry all over". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  92. ^ "Vijayawada to get a Cultural centre". Deccan Chronicle. Hyderabad. 21 January 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  93. ^ a b "Vijayawada to host Poetic Prism-2015". The Hindu. Vijayawada. 19 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  94. ^ "Dussehra festivities end, but joy continues at Vijayawada KanakaDurga temple". Deccan Chronicle. Vijayawada. 5 October 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  95. ^ "::.AP TOURISM". www.aptdc.gov.in. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  96. ^ "Vijayawada decked up for Christmas celebrations". The Hans India. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  97. ^ Reporter, Staff. "A year on, Happy Sunday continues to entertain people in Vijayawada". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  98. ^ "Efforts should be made to preserve traditional wear". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  99. ^ "Seminar on Telugu art". The Hindu. 14 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  100. ^ "Kondapalli toys get GI status". The Financial Express. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  101. ^ Guhan, V (21 June 2003). "Creative Kondapally". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  102. ^ "Data Visualizations – India – Asia Matters for America". Data Visualizations – India – Asia Matters for America. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  103. ^ a b "Residents of One Town in Vijayawada Worst-hit". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  104. ^ a b c "A road which has an ever-changing story". The Hindu. Vijayawada. 24 December 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  105. ^ "Move over Andhra 'bhojanam', Vijayawada takes to Hyderabadi biryani". Times of India. Vijayawada. 9 February 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  106. ^ Sowmya Sruthi, Ch (19 February 2016). "Tenants feel the pinch of rising rents". The Hans India. Vijayawada. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  107. ^ a b "Vijayawada MG Road to get facelift". Deccan Chronicle. Vijayawada. 21 November 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  108. ^ "Jewellers down shutters against PAN card rule". The Hindu. Vijayawada. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  109. ^ Sowmya Sruthi, Ch (28 January 2016). "Capital status draws global brands to Vijayawada". The Hans India. Vijayawada. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  110. ^ Sowmya Sruthi, Ch (15 January 2016). "Metro foundation likely in February". The Hans India. Vijayawada. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  111. ^ "PRAKASAM BARRAGE". irrigation.cgg.gov.in. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  112. ^ a b "Traffic and Transportation" (PDF). Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. p. 43. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  113. ^ Correspondent, Special. "Rush at PNBS, railway station peaks". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 May 2017. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  114. ^ "Vijayawada bus station to be RTC headquarters". The Hans India. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  115. ^ Correspondent, Special. "Festival rush chokes city bus and railway stations". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 May 2017. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  116. ^ "Vijayawada City Bus System" (PDF). Vijayawada Municipal Corporatiom. p. 1. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  117. ^ ilyas, md (13 October 2018). "Bandar road to be widened to 100 feet width". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  118. ^ "Four metro bus services launched between Vijayawada and Amaravati". The New Indian Express. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  119. ^ "RTC to identify new routes to ply buses". The New Indian Express. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  120. ^ "Road safety vehicles to focus on infrastructure too". The Hindu. 4 April 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  121. ^ a b "List of National Highways passing through A.P. State". Roads and Buildings Department. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  122. ^ "IRR flyover to be completed by Jan. end". The Hindu. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  123. ^ "Vijayawada BRT System" (PDF). Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  124. ^ "Roads and Drains" (PDF). Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. p. 4. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  125. ^ "Pedestrians crossing roads at the mercy of motorists". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  126. ^ Sridhar, G Naga (14 January 2016). "Vijayawada: A tale of two cities". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  127. ^ "Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh". Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  128. ^ a b "Traffic Wing – VijayawadaPolice". vijayawadapolice.ap.gov.in. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  129. ^ "All you need to know about Andhra Pradesh's new capital – Vijayawada". dna. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  130. ^ Correspondent, Special. "She autos roll out in style in city". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 April 2017. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  131. ^ "Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh". Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  132. ^ "Pedestrians crossing roads at the mercy of motorists". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  133. ^ "New fleet of A.C. buses in Vijayawada". Vijayawada.
  134. ^ Kumar, V. Rishi (6 February 2017). "23 railway stations to be brought under Redevelopment Project". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  135. ^ "Trains are back at Vijayawada station – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  136. ^ "Stations – Category-wise (NEW)". South Central Railway. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  137. ^ India, The Hans (23 July 2017). "New rail track proposed between Rayanapadu and Mustabada". www.thehansindia.com. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  138. ^ Reporter, Staff. "A quick and cheaper mode of transport". The Hindu. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  139. ^ Correspondent, Special. "Vijayawada-Guntur-Tenali MEMU diverted". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 May 2017. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  140. ^ "South Central Railway". Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  141. ^ "New railway zone likely to be operational in a year, says DRM". The Hindu. 10 March 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  142. ^ "Train services to be partially affected for nine days". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  143. ^ Papasani, Phanindra (29 March 2016). "Four satellite stations and additional 500 trains for Krishna Pushkarams". Times of India. Vijayawada. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  144. ^ "Plea to develop 3 railway stations for Pushkaram". The Hans India. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  145. ^ Gopi, D (7 November 2014). "Facelift for Vijayawada railway junction". Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  146. ^ "High-speed rail for new capital". Deccan Chronicle. 30 December 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  147. ^ "Circular trains to connect capital towns with Amaravati – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  148. ^ "Metro rail to connect airport, Amaravati". The Hans India. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  149. ^ Etherington, Darrell (6 September 2017). "HTT signs agreement to develop a Hyperloop in India". TechCrunch. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  150. ^ "Andhra Pradesh govt plans to connect Amaravati and Vijayawada with Hyperloop". Hindustan Times. India. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  151. ^ "Amaravati to Vijayawada in 5 minutes! This is what hyperloop can do for you". The Economic Times. India. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  152. ^ Dharur, Suresh (25 February 2018). "Hyperloop facility between Vijaywada, Amaravati on cards". The Tribune. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  153. ^ a b "International status to boost air traffic from Vijayawada airport". The New Indian Express. 5 May 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  154. ^ Boda, Tharun (26 January 2019). "Vijayawada airport sees 73% international passenger load factor in first month". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  155. ^ "Domestic Aircraft Movements" (PDF). Airports Authority of India. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  156. ^ "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  157. ^ "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  158. ^ "Student Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  159. ^ Reporter, Staff (29 May 2016). "City students excel in CBSE exam". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  160. ^ "International touch for Vijayawada schools – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  161. ^ "VMC schools achieve 89% results in SSC exams". The Hans India. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  162. ^ "List of colleges in Krishna district" (PDF). Board of Intermediate Education. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  163. ^ Varma, P. Sujatha. "100-year-old library association to split". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  164. ^ "Books symbolise peace and knowledge, opines JC". The Hans India. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  165. ^ Correspondent, Special. "Visalandhra maintaining quality of information". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 June 2017. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  166. ^ "Press in India, 2013–14" (PDF). The Registrar of Newspapers for India. pp. 358–403. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  167. ^ "AIR Vijayawada". allindiaradio.gov.in. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  168. ^ a b "AIR Vijayawada poised for digitisation by Dec end". The Hans India. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  169. ^ "Prasara Bharati Annual Report 2010-11" (PDF). Prasara Bharati. p. 65. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  170. ^ Correspondent, Special. "Vividh Bharati on FM for Vijayawada listeners". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 June 2017. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  171. ^ Correspondent, Special. "Amaravati will be new sports hub: Minister". The Hindu. Retrieved 15 January 2017. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
  172. ^ "Indira Gandhi Stadium". Cricinfo. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  173. ^ "10th Match: England Women v Pakistan Women at Vijayawada, Dec 12, 1997". Cricinfo. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  174. ^ "It's a boon for youth in slums". The Hindu. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  175. ^ Shridharan, J.R. "Patamata indoor stadium defies standards". The Hindu. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  176. ^ "79th Senior Badminton Championships" (PDF). The official website of Badminton Association of India. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  177. ^ Reporter, Staff. "Patamata indoor stadium to get a new look". The Hindu. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  178. ^ "Keeping home turf in top shape". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  179. ^ "Loyola College Ground | India | Cricket Grounds | ESPNcricinfo". Cricinfo. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  180. ^ Shridharan, J. R. "The city which triggered Prakash Padukone's downfall".
  181. ^ "Big-time Table Tennis arrives in Vijayawada after several years".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vijayawada.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada&oldid=974524470"