Étienne de Boré
Étienne de Boré | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1st Mayor of New Orleans | |
| In office December 20, 1803 – May 26, 1804 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | James Pitot |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 27, 1741 Kaskaskia, Upper Louisiana, New France |
| Died | February 1, 1820 (aged 78) New Orleans, Louisiana, United States |
| Spouse | Marie Marguerite d'Estrehan |
Jean Étienne de Boré (27 December 1741 – 1 February 1820) was a Creole French planter, born in Kaskaskia, Illinois Country, who was known for producing the first granulated sugar in Louisiana. At the time, the area was under Spanish rule. His innovation made sugar cane profitable as a commodity crop and planters began to cultivate it in quantity. He owned a large plantation upriver from New Orleans.
Boré was a prominent planter in the area when the United States made the Louisiana Purchase and acquired the former French territories west of the Mississippi River. In 1803 the American governor of the territory appointed de Boré as the first mayor of New Orleans under the U.S. administration.
Early life and education
Jean Étienne de Boré (known as Étienne) was born to French colonists in Kaskaskia, Illinois Country, then under French control as part of La Louisiane. His parents sent him to France to be educated. He spent most of his early life there. On leaving school he entered French military service in the Musketeers of the Guard, which was part of the royal household and very prestigious.
After a visit to Louisiana on business, he was transferred to the cavalry. Boré left the army with the rank of captain and settled in the French colony.
Marriage and family
He married Marie Marguerite d'Estréhan, from one of the most prominent French families of colonial Louisiana. Her father Jean Baptiste d'Estrehan was the Royal Treasurer of French Louisiana.
Sugar granulation and New Orleans' first mayor
Boré owned a great plantation a few miles upriver of New Orleans on the Mississippi River. It was in the vicinity of New Orleans' present-day Audubon Park. There, the people he enslaved cultivated indigo. But when this product lost its market as a result of competition from Guatemala, under Spanish control, he ordered his fields coverted to sugar cane.
He set up a sugar mill on the plantation to process the sugar. In 1795, following the instructions of two Cubans, Mendez and Lopez, his enslaved laborers produced the first granulated sugar known in the colony. Although granulated sugar had been known for centuries in the Old World, granulation in Louisiana created a huge demand for the cultivation and processing of sugar cane. Responding to the worldwide demand for sugar, it became the colony's primary commodity crop. Under Spanish rule, Louisiana began to generate profits.
After the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase territory, the Governor of the Orleans Territory, William C. C. Claiborne, appointed Boré in late 1803, as the first mayor of New Orleans under the US. (Boré's service to the city began during the brief transitional French governorship of Pierre Clément de Laussat.) Boré resigned in May 1804, to look after his personal affairs.
He died at about eighty years old and was interred in New Orleans' Saint Louis Cemetery No. 1. One of his grandchildren, Charles Gayarré, became a noted historian of Louisiana in the late 19th century.
New Orleans has a Boré Street, in honor of the first Mayor.
External links
- "Étienne de Boré", New Orleans Public Library's transcription of a Works Progress Administration (1930s) compilation of local research on New Orleans' mayors.
- Étienne de Boré's tenure as mayor, Kendall's History of New Orleans, Chapter 4
- Étienne de Boré at Find a Grave