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Chengdu–Kunming railway

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Chengdu–Kunming railway
成昆铁路
Overview
StatusActive
Termini
Service
TypeHeavy rail
Operator(s)China Railway
Technical
Line length1,100 km (680 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
New double-track line

Legend
km
elev
Up arrow Baoji–Chengdu railway from Baoji
0
 Chengdu
4
 Bali
Right arrow Xi'an–Chengdu HSR from Xi'an North
Right arrow Chengdu–Chongqing railway to Chongqing
15
 Chengdu East
Right arrow Chengdu–Chongqing ICR to Chongqing
 Chengdu South
Left arrow Chengdu west loop
Left arrow Chengdu–Guiyang HSR
32
 Shuangliu
42
Gongxing
Right arrow to Chengdu North marshalling yard
Hualongmen
54
Puxing
 Huilong'an
↑Chengdu／Meishan↓
→Min→
66
Qinglongchang
77
 Pengshan
UpperLeft arrow Chengdu–Guiyang HSR
85
Taihe
92
 Meishan／Meishan East
102
 Xiantan
Down arrow
Chengdu–Guiyang HSR
to Guiyang East
110
 Simeng
↑Meishan／Leshan↓
119
Wuchang
129
Macun
original Chengdu–Kunming line
137
 Leshan North
original Chengdu–Kunming line
destroyed in the 1970s
→Qingyi→
original replacement track
145
 Shuangfu
156
 Emei
Left arrow
Chengdu–Guiyang HSR
(Emeishan branch)
Right arrow
160
 Yangang
Left arrow
Chengdu–Panzhihua section
(part of the original line)
 Shawan South
Fandianzi
Ebian South
Jinkouhe South
↑Leshan／Liangshan Yi↓
 Teke
Ganluo South
Mantan
Yuexi South
Anluo
Xide West
Right arrow Emei–Panzhihua railway
 Mianning
Right arrow Emei–Panzhihua railway
 Yuehua West
Xichang West
Youjun
Right arrow Huangshuitang link
 Huangshuitang South
Dechang West
Yonglang West
↑Liangshan Yi／Panzhihua↓
Left arrow Miyi East link
 Miyi East
Left arrow Miyi East link
Binggu East
Yanbian
old line
Jinsha River
Chengdu–Lijiang expressway
Right arrow Panzhihua–old line link
Puda
Panzhihua South
Xianfeng ying
↑Panzhihua Sichuan／Chuxiong Yi Yunnan↓
 Yongren
Xinkang
Right arrow
Yuanmou-Kunming section from
Huangguayuan (part of the original line)
 Yuanmou West
LowerRight arrow Yuanmou–Kunming railway
 Dashucun
Longchuan
Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway
Dianwei
Yuanmou–Kunming railway
Left arrow Guangtong–Chuxiong–Dali railway from Dali
 Guangtong North
Lufeng South
↑Chuxiong Yi／Kunming↓
 Shuangmeicun
1068
Wenquan
Left arrow Xinyamei Guwuliu freght yard line
Left arrow Kunming–Zhongyicun railway
Left arrow Anning line
1077
Dushupu
1086
Bijiguan
1091
Kunming West
Right arrow Yunnan Copper siding
1100
 Kunming
Right arrow Shanghai–Kunming railway to Guiyang
Down arrow Nanning–Kunming railway to Nanning
km
This diagram:

Template:Chengdu-Kunming Routemap

Fala Spiral of Chengdu–Kunming railway
Guancunba Station, next to the Dadu River (downstream of the Niuri River Valley), in Jinkouhe District, Leshan.
A memorial for workers who lost their lives in the construction of the railway in Jianshui County.

The Chengdu–Kunming railway or Chengkun railway (simplified Chinese: 成昆铁路; traditional Chinese: 成昆鐵路; pinyin: chéngkūn tiělù), is a major trunkline railroad in southwestern China between Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province and Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province. The line is 1,134 km (705 mi) long and traverses rugged terrain from the Sichuan Basin to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.[1] The line was built between 1958 and 1970. Major cities along route include Chengdu, Pengshan, Jiajiang, Emei, Ebian, Ganluo, Xide, Xichang, Dechang, Miyi and Panzhihua in Sichuan Province and Yuanmou, Lufeng, Anning and Kunming in Yunnan Province.

History

Double-track construction of the Kunming to Guangtong section of the Chengdu–Kunming railway at Anning in 2012.

Planning of the Chengdu–Kunming railway began in 1952 with several routes under consideration.[1] The westernmost route over the most difficult terrain was selected in 1956. Construction began in 1958 during the Great Leap Forward and expanded to full-scale in 1964. In July 1970, the line was completed and entered into operation in January 1971.[1] The government published a pictorial in 1976 showing pictures of the construction and extreme terrain that required hundreds of tunnels and bridges.[2] Building conditions were hazardous and 2,100 workers perished during the construction of the original line.[3] On August 30, 2000, the entire line was electrified.[1] Aside from Chengdu and Kunming, the line has a total of 122 stations.[1][4]

Sculpture

Ivory carving of the Chengdu-Kunming railway presented as a gift to the United Nations on display at UN Headquarters in New York.

In 1974, an ivory sculpture commemorating the completion of the Chengdu–Kunming railway was presented as a gift to the United Nations and is displayed at the U.N. Headquarters in New York.[5] The sculpture depicts the rail bridge across the Dadu River between two mountain peaks, with intricate details of passengers inside the train.[6] The sculpture, 150 cm in length and 110 cm in height, was made from eight elephant tusks and weighs over 300 kilograms.[5]

Railway junctions

The Chengkun railway is a major trunkline in China's railway network and connects with numerous other railway lines including:[4]

Sichuan Province

Yunnan Province

Natural Disaster Vulnerability

Four sections of the railroad which pass through the Niuri River Valley, Manshuiwan to Xichang of the Anning River Valley, Jinsha River Valley and Longchuan River Valley are under the exposure of the vulnerable debris flow and landslide. Soviet experts used to make a prediction that the railroad "will be turned into a pile of scrap iron by violent nature even after it is completed" in the route design stage;[7] An Imagery Analysis Service Note published by CIA in October 1971 made a statement that "[the railroad] will undoubtedly require more than the normal maintenance because of the rugged terrain it passes through" based on the detected at least two replacement works of the destroyed tracks caused by landslides in the first year of its operation.[8]

Upon operation, major natural disasters were not occurred in the Anning River Valley and Longchuan River Valley section due to the thoughtful route selection and complete protection strategies adopted. However, the Niuri River Valley had a faster flow of the river - due to the short in length, steep channel, and unstable valley side slope - did not catch enough concerns in the construction period. Multiple incidents of debris flow have occurred in the Niuri River Valley section especially between Niri – Suxiong and Lianghong – Aidai.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e 《中国铁路线》 P25-26 Last Accessed 2011-07-31
  2. ^ "Mountains and Rivers Make Way: The Chengtu-Kunming Railroad in Photographs," published by the Foreign Languages Press (Peking: 1976).
  3. ^ (Chinese) "成昆铁路：生命铺就的英雄史诗" Archived May 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Last Accessed 2011-07-31
  4. ^ a b Quail Map Company (2008). China railway Atlas (third ed.). Quail Map Company. ISBN 978-1-898319-82-5.
  5. ^ a b "Chinese Ivory Carving" UN.org Archived August 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Last Accessed 2011-07-31
  6. ^ "China Presents Ivory Carving to United Nations" Last Accessed 2011-07-31
  7. ^ "成昆铁路40年 与灾害正面交锋的40年". 云南网 昆明铁道报 (in Chinese). 新浪网. 2010-07-13.
  8. ^ Template:Cite article
  9. ^ 严壁玉; 王茂靖 (2005). "穿越"地质博物馆"的成昆铁路". 铁道工程学报 (in Chinese). doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2005.z1.027.
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