European Union statistics

Statistics in the European Union are collected by Eurostat (European statistics body).

Area and population

EU and UK population cartogram

As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million people, although in 2020 the EU lost over 10% of its population as a result of the UK leaving the bloc. Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades, though this could be offset with new countries planning to join the EU within the next 20 years. The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 80.4 million people. France and Ireland have the highest birth-rates. The most densely populated country is the island of Malta, which is also the smallest, while the largest in area is France. The least densely populated country is Finland.

Population figures in the table below are from 2006 or 2007 estimates. The highest and lowest figures in each column have been marked in bold.

Member State	Population in millions	Population  % of EU	Area km2	Area % of EU	Pop. density People/km2
European Union	494.8	100%	4,422,773	100%	112
Austria	8.3	1.7%	83,858	1.9%	99
Belgium	10.5	2.1%	30,510	0.7%	344
Bulgaria	7.7	1.6%	110,912	2.5%	70
Croatia	4.3	0.9%	56,594	1.3%	75.8
Cyprus	0.8	0.2%	9,250	0.2%	84
Czech Republic	10.3	2.1%	78,866	1.8%	131
Denmark	5.4	1.1%	43,094	1.0%	126
Estonia	1.3	0.3%	45,226	1.0%	29
Finland	5.3	1.1%	337,030	7.6%	16
France	65.03	13.%	643,548	14.6%	111
Germany	80.4	16.6%	357,021	8.1%	225
Greece	11.1	2.2%	131,940	3.0%	84
Hungary	10.1	2.0%	93,030	2.1%	108
Ireland	4.6	0.9%	70,280	1.6%	60
Italy	58.8	11.9%	301,320	6.8%	195
Latvia	2.3	0.5%	64,589	1.5%	35
Lithuania	3.4	0.7%	65,200	1.5%	45
Luxembourg	0.5	0.1%	2,586	0.1%	181
Malta	0.4	0.1%	316	0.0007%	1,261
Netherlands	17	3.3%	41,526	0.9%	394
Poland	38.1	7.7%	312,685	7.1%	122
Portugal	10.6	2.1%	92,931	2.1%	114
Romania	21.6	4.4%	238,391	5.4%	91
Spain	44.7	9.0%	504,782	11.4%	87
Slovakia	5.4	1.1%	48,845	1.1%	111
Slovenia	2.0	0.4%	20,253	0.5%	99
Sweden	10	1.8%	449,964	10.2%	20

Economy

For statistics relating to economy, please see Economy of the European Union.

EU budget

The primary resource for funding the European Union is the contributions sought from member states. Each member state contributes to the EU budget, and receives funding back from the EU, depending on the relative wealth of the states, i.e. their ability to pay.

The table below shows the contributions as a percentage of the total budget. This takes into account the special considerations given to the United Kingdom to reduce its contribution through a rebate. Expenditure in Luxembourg, Belgium and France include items for the EU administrative centres in each of those countries.

Member State	Total contribution in Euro	Total contribution as % of total EU budget	Total expenditure year 2006 in Euro	Total expenditure as % of total EU budget	Net contribution in Euro	Net contribution in Euro per capita	Total contribution in Euro per capita
European Union	105,259,468,772	100.00%	106,575,500,000	100.00%	-1,316,031,228	-3	213
Germany	22,218,438,941	21.11%	12,242,400,000	11.49%	9,976,038,941	124	276
France	17,303,107,859	16.44%	13,496,200,000	12.66%	3,806,907,859	59	266
Italy	14,359,479,157	13.64%	10,922,300,000	10.25%	3,437,179,157	58	244
United Kingdom	13,739,900,046	13.05%	8,294,200,000	7.78%	5,445,700,046	90	226
Spain	8,957,286,488	8.51%	12,883,000,000	12.09%	-3,925,713,512	-88	200
Netherlands	5,552,933,781	5.28%	2,190,400,000	2.06%	3,362,533,781	198	327
Belgium	4,035,286,807	3.83%	5,625,100,000	5.28%	-1,589,813,193	-151	384
Sweden	2,832,862,800	2.69%	1,573,400,000	1.48%	1,259,462,800	126	283
Austria	2,308,432,030	2.19%	1,830,100,000	1.72%	478,332,030	58	278
Denmark	2,130,860,212	2.02%	1,501,900,000	1.41%	628,960,212	116	395
Poland	2,099,087,114	1.99%	5,305,600,000	4.98%	-3,206,512,886	-84	55
Greece	1,882,611,879	1.79%	6,833,700,000	6.41%	-4,951,088,121	-446	170
Finland	1,544,832,284	1.47%	1,280,400,000	1.20%	264,432,284	50	291
Portugal	1,443,049,602	1.37%	3,634,800,000	3.41%	-2,191,750,398	-207	136
Ireland	1,341,281,313	1.27%	2,461,800,000	2.31%	-1,120,518,687	-244	292
Hungary	1,003,119,411	0.95%	1,842,200,000	1.73%	-839,080,589	-83	99
Czech Republic	932,392,859	0.89%	1,330,000,000	1.25%	-397,607,141	-39	91
Slovakia	393,148,777	0.37%	696,200,000	0.65%	-303,051,223	-56	73
Slovenia	299,993,572	0.29%	406,000,000	0.38%	-106,006,428	-53	150
Luxembourg	241,439,011	0.23%	1,194,800,000	1.12%	-953,360,989	-1,907	483
Lithuania	221,997,405	0.21%	799,800,000	0.75%	-577,802,595	-170	65
Cyprus	144,556,416	0.14%	239,600,000	0.22%	-95,043,584	-119	181
Latvia	115,205,431	0.11%	402,600,000	0.24%	-287,394,569	-125	50
Estonia	100,756,308	0.10%	300,000,000	0.28%	-199,243,692	-142	72
Malta	57,409,269	0.05%	157,000,000	0.14%	-99,590,731	-249	144
Bulgaria			360,600,000	0.34%	-360,600,000	-47
Romania			693,100,000	0.65%	-693,100,000	-32

Freedom, Economic and governance-related rankings for EU members, EU candidates and EFTA countries

There are many indices available on issues such as corruption, development, and freedom. The rankings below include all EU member states, EU candidates (with the exception of Turkey, cause their accession negotiations have stalled since 2016) and EFTA countries.

Freedom of the press

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 1 Norway 1 2 Finland 2 3 Denmark 3 4 Sweden 5 5 Netherlands 6 6 Switzerland 8 7 Portugal 10 8 Germany 11 9 Belgium 12 10 Ireland 13 11 Estonia 14 12 Iceland 15 13 Luxembourg 17 14 Austria 18 15 Latvia 22 16 Cyprus 27 17 Lithuania 28

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 18 Spain 29 19 Slovenia 32 20 Slovakia 33 21 France 34 22 Czech Republic 40 23 Italy 41 24 Romania 48 25 Croatia 59 26 Poland 62 27 Greece 65 28 Malta 81 29 Albania 85 30 Hungary 89 31 North Macedonia 92 32 Serbia 93 33 Montenegro 105 34 Bulgaria 111

Reporters sans frontières (Reporters Without Borders) conducts an annual survey on the freedom of the press and produces scores (not shown here) for each country, resulting in the Press Freedom Index. In 2019 and 2020, Finland was proclaimed as having the freest press in the European Union, and the second in the world behind Norway. Bulgaria was ranked as having the least free press in the European Union in 2019 and 2020.

Colour Codes
Good Situation
Satisfactory Situation
Noticeable problems
Difficult situation

Economic freedom

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 1 Switzerland 5 2 Ireland 6 3 Denmark 8 4 Estonia 10 5 Iceland 13 6 Netherlands 14 7 Lithuania 16 8 Luxembourg 19 9 Finland 20 10 Sweden 22 11 Czech Republic 23 12 Germany 27 13 Norway 28 14 Austria 29 15 Latvia 32 16 Bulgaria 36 17 Cyprus 37

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 18 Romania 38 19 North Macedonia 41 20 Malta 42 21 Poland 46 22 Belgium 48 23 Slovenia 52 24 Portugal 56 25 Albania 57 26 Spain 58 27 Slovakia 60 28 Hungary 62 29 France 64 30 Serbia 65 31 Italy 74 32 Croatia 84 33 Montenegro 91 34 Greece 100

An index of Economic Freedom is produced by the Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation. It uses 50 different variables to compile the survey, in areas such as trade policy and government intervention.

A similar index produced by the World Economic Forum is its Global Competitiveness Index.

Source: 2020 Index of Economic Freedom.

Colour Codes
Free
Mostly Free
Moderately Free
Moderately Unfree

Perception of corruption

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 1 Denmark 1 2 Finland 3 3 Switzerland 4 4 Sweden 4 5 Norway 7 6 Netherlands 8 7 Luxembourg 9 8 Germany 9 9 Iceland 11 10 Austria 12 11 Belgium 17 12 Estonia =18 13 Ireland =18 14 France 23 15 Portugal =30 16 Spain =30 17 Slovenia =35

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 18 Lithuania =35 19 Cyprus =41 20 Poland =41 21 Czech Republic =44 22 Latvia =44 23 Malta 50 24 Italy 51 25 Slovakia 59 26 Greece 60 27 Croatia 63 28 Montenegro 66 29 Romania =70 30 Hungary =70 31 Bulgaria 74 32 Serbia 91 33 North Macedonia =106 34 Albania =106

Transparency International is an international NGO publishing an annual Global Corruption Report indicating the perception of corruption around the world. The rankings of the table refer to the Corruption Perceptions Index 2019 [1]. A high ranking means low corruption.

List of EU members, EU candidates and EFTA countries by GDP (nominal) per capita

EU Rank Member State GDP per capita 1 Luxembourg 113,196 2 Switzerland 83.716 3 Norway 77,975 4 Ireland 77,771 5 Iceland 67.037 6 Denmark 59,795 7 Netherlands 59,795 8 Sweden 51,241 9 Austria 50,022 10 Finland 48,868 11 Germany 46,563 12 Belgium 45,175 13 France 41,760 14 Italy 32,946 15 Malta 30,650 16 Spain 29,961 17 Cyprus 27,719

EU Rank Member State GDP per capita 18 Slovenia 26.170 19 Estonia 23,523 20 Czech Republic 23,213 21 Portugal 23,030 22 Greece 19,974 23 Slovakia 19,547 24 Lithuania 19,266 25 Latvia 18,171 26 Hungary 17,463 27 Croatia 14,949 28 Poland 14,901 29 Romania 12,482 30 Bulgaria 9,518 31 Montenegro 8,703 32 Serbia 7,397 33 North Macedonia 6,096 34 Albania 5,372

These GDP estimations based on "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". World Economic Outlook. International Monetary Fund. October 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020. All data are in current United States dollars.

Colour Codes
EU members
EU candidates
EFTA countries

Human development

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 1 Ireland 3 2 Germany 4 3 Sweden 8 4 Netherlands 10 5 Denmark 11 6 Finland 12 7 Belgium 17 8 Austria 20 9 Luxembourg 21 10 Slovenia 24 11 Spain 25 12 France 26 13 Czech Republic 26 14 Malta 28 15 Italy 29 16 Estonia 30

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 17 Cyprus 31 18 Greece 32 19 Poland 32 20 Lithuania 34 21 Slovakia 36 22 Latvia 39 23 Portugal 40 24 Hungary 43 25 Croatia 46 26 Romania 52 27 Bulgaria 52 28 Montenegro 52 29 Serbia 63 30 Albania 69 31 North Macedonia 82

The Human Development Index is a measure produced by the United Nations which covers three aspects of human development:

• poverty (GDP per capita)
• education (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling)
• health (life expectancy)

The rankings of the table refer to the UNDP Human Development Report 2019 (2018 data). The UN lists all EU member states as countries with very high human development.

Colour Codes
Very High Human Development
High Human Development

Ease of doing business

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 1 Denmark 4 2 Sweden 10 3 Lithuania 11 4 North Macedonia 18 5 Estonia 18 6 Latvia 19 7 Finland 20 8 Germany 22 9 Ireland 24 10 Austria 27 11 Spain 30 12 France 32 13 Slovenia 37 14 Portugal 39 15 Poland 40 16 Czech Republic 41

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 17 Netherlands 42 18 Serbia 44 19 Slovakia 45 20 Belgium 46 21 Montenegro 50 22 Croatia 51 23 Hungary 52 24 Cyprus 54 25 Romania 55 26 Italy 58 27 Bulgaria 61 28 Luxembourg 72 29 Greece 79 30 Albania 82 31 Malta 88

The Ease of Doing Business Index is created by the World Bank and based on the study of laws and regulations, with the input and verification by more than 3,500 government officials, lawyers, business consultants, accountants and other professionals who routinely advise on or administer legal and regulatory requirements.

The data in the table are from the 2020 report.

Colour Codes
Very Easy
Easy

Income equality

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 1 Denmark 2 2 Sweden 4 3 Czech Republic 5 4 Slovakia 6 5 Hungary 10 = Finland 10 7 Germany 14 8 Slovenia 15 9 Austria 18 10 Bulgaria 19 11 Netherlands 25 12 Romania 26

EU Rank Member State Global Rank 13 France 32 14 Belgium 33 15 Greece 40 = Ireland 40 17 Poland 44 18 Spain 47 19 Estonia 50 20 Lithuania 51 21 Italy 51 22 Latvia 57 23 Portugal 59

Income inequality, measured by the gini coefficient is how evenly incomes are distributed through the population. Denmark has the least income inequality with a gini coefficient score of 24.4, whilst Portugal has the most income inequality with a score of 38.5. Malta, Luxembourg, and Cyprus have no statistics available, and so are not included in this table. These statistics have been compiled by the United Nations (see [2])

See also

• Enlargement of the European Union
• Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits
• Hispanics and Latins in Europe
• List of European Union member states by population
• Largest urban areas of the European Union and Larger Urban Zones
• Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe statistics

External links

• Eurostat – Statistics Explained
• Health-EU Portal Health Statistics
• EU Budget Data