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U.S. Route 199

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U.S. Route 199 marker
U.S. Route 199
Redwood Highway
Map
US 199 highlighted in red
Route information
Auxiliary route of US 99
Maintained by Caltrans and ODOT
Length80.05 mi[1][2] (128.83 km)
Existed1926–present
HistoryState highway in 1917 and 1919; became US 199 in 1926
Major junctions
South end US 101 near Crescent City, CA
North end I-5 / OR 99 in Grants Pass, OR
Location
CountryUnited States
StatesCalifornia, Oregon
CountiesCA: Del Norte
OR: Josephine
Highway system
← SR 198CA→ SR 200
← US 197OR→ OR 200

U.S. Route 199 (US 199) is a U.S. highway in the U.S. states of California and Oregon. The highway was established in 1926 as a spur of U.S. Route 99, which has since been replaced by Interstate 5. US 199 stretches 80 miles (130 km) from U.S. Route 101 near Crescent City, California northeast to Interstate 5 in Grants Pass, Oregon. The highway is the northern portion of the Redwood Highway. In Oregon, US 199 is officially known as Redwood Highway No. 25. The majority of the road in California is the Smith River Scenic Byway, a National Forest Scenic Byway. The first roadway, a plank road, from Crescent City was established in May 1858, and before the US 199 designation was applied to the highway, the roadway was designated Highway 25 (in Oregon) and Route 1 (in California).

Exit Sign for US 199

Route description

Shield for U.S. 199 in California
Shield for U.S. 199 in California

US 199 begins at a partial interchange with US 101 northeast of Crescent City; Elk Valley Cross Road (County Route D2) connects the two routes just to the north for full access. The highway quickly enters the Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, climbs over a ridge, crosses the Smith River, and meets State Route 197 (which heads northwest to US 101 via the Smith River). US 199 follows the banks of the river and its Middle Fork as it takes a steady but curvy climb through the Smith River National Recreation Area in the Six Rivers National Forest, passing the settlements of Hiouchi, Gasquet and Patrick Creek. As it approaches the summit, the Middle Fork Smith River turns east, but US 199 continues northeast, following Griffin Creek to near its source (where there is a rest area), and passing under Hazel View Summit, the border between the Smith River NRA and the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest, in the 1963 Collier Tunnel (elevation about 2100 feet/650 m). (The old curving route over the summit still exists as Oregon Mountain Road.) Upon leaving the tunnel, US 199 descends alongside the small Broken Kettle Creek into the Elk Valley and crosses into Oregon.[3]

US 199 southbound at the California-Oregon state line

US 199 leaves the national forest as it enters Oregon and descends into the Illinois Valley, passing O'Brien and the west end of OR 46 in Cave Junction. North of Cave Junction, US 199 leaves the Illinois River, which curves west towards the ocean, and follows several small creeks past Selma to Hayes Hill Summit (elevation about 1700 feet/500 m). The highway descends from the summit alongside Slate Creek past Wonder and Wilderville and ends up in the Rogue River Valley, where it enters Grants Pass.[3]

South of downtown Grants Pass, US 199 meets OR 99 and OR 238 and splits at a partial interchange. The main Redwood Highway turns north with OR 99, passing through downtown and ending at exit 58 of I-5, while the Redwood Spur No. 482, locally known as Grants Pass Parkway, continues straight, bypassing downtown to end at I-5 exit 55. Both of these are signed in both directions as US 199, while signage on US 199 itself at the split only shows "OR 99 north" for the mainline through downtown and "to I-5" for the bypass. On I-5, exit 55 is marked as "US 199", but exit 58 is "OR 99 to US 199".[2] The Oregon Transportation Commission's defined routing of US 199 takes it along the main Redwood Highway through downtown,[4] and the OTC calls the spur to exit 55 "US 199 Spur",[5] but, consistent with signs on I-5 (but not on the surface), the Oregon Department of Transportation calls the spur US 199[6] and the downtown route OR 99 only.[7]

The older route through downtown is a one-way pair on Sixth (southbound) and Seventh (northbound) Streets, entirely overlapping OR 99 to I-5 exit 58, where OR 99 continues with I-5 to the north. The Caveman Bridge, a concrete through arch bridge built in 1927, carries Sixth Street over the Rogue River, while the parallel Seventh Street Bridge is a utilitarian bridge from 1960. The Grants Pass Parkway (Redwood Spur) also crosses the river on a four-lane bridge built in 1990;[8] before that bypass was completed, the spur began downtown on E (southbound) and F (northbound) Streets. Soon after the old and new routes join, the spur ends at a trumpet interchange with I-5 (exit 55).[3]

US 199 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System,[9] and is part of the National Highway System,[10] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.[11] US 199 is eligible to be included in the State Scenic Highway System,[12] but it is not officially designated as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation.[13]

US 199 Oregon Shield and Sign

History

By 1854, when it was incorporated, Crescent City had a population of 800 but no road leading inland. The Crescent City and Yreka Plank and Turnpike Company was incorporated at a meeting on June 10, and a survey was completed in October, but work stopped with the Panic of 1855. The corporation was revived in December 1856 as the Crescent City Plank Road and Turnpike Company, began construction of a plank road in 1857, and opened the road in May 1858. This road, shown on USGS topographic maps as Wimer Road, led northeast from Crescent City to the Smith River, where there was a toll booth, and then took a generally northerly route to near the state line, where it turned east, crossing back and forth between the states, to Oregon Mountain. There it turned northeast, following the Illinois River and branches past O'Brien and Waldo to north of Kerby. The final stretch ran easterly to Jacksonville via Wilderville, along the present US 199, Fish Hatchery Road, and OR 238.[14][15][16]

Simpson-Reed redwood grove in Jedediah Smith State Park, along US 199 near Crescent City, California

A second road in California was built by Horace Gasquet, who acquired a stand of trees at the present site of Gasquet, California — where the North and Middle Forks of the Smith River converge — in 1857. In 1881, he began to build a corduroy road from what had become Gasquet Flats to the plank road at the state line near Oregon Mountain, shown as Old Gasquet Toll Road on USGS maps. Tolls were charged starting in 1882, and in 1887 the road was completed. Gasquet also built a free road from Gasquet Flats along the Smith River to the mouth of the South Fork, including a suspension bridge across that waterway, and Del Norte County extended it along the Smith River and Mill Creek and over Howland Summit to the Crescent City Plank Road just east of Crescent City.[16][17]

As part of Oregon's initial state highway system, the road from Grants Pass southwest to Wilderville and then along the Crescent City Plank Road to the state line was named the Grants Pass-Crescent City Highway No. 25 in November 1917.[18] At the time, the Grants Pass-Crescent City route, via the Gasquet Toll Road, was a narrow, winding unpaved mountain road with long grades and some remaining plank road in California.[19] California added its portion to the state highway system in 1919, for the state's third highway bond issue, as an extension of Legislative Route 1.[20] By 1924, the road was part of the Redwood Highway, which continued south to Sausalito,[21] but was still completely unimproved between Crescent City and Waldo, Oregon.[22] (Oregon changed the Grants Pass-Crescent City Highway name to Redwood Highway in May 1924.[18]) A new highway between Gasquet and Kerby was completed by the two states in September 1926,[23] and in June 1929 the new Hiouchi Bridge over the Smith River was dedicated, bypassing the remainder of the old road over Howland Hill.[24] In 1948, US 199 became part of the Winnemucca to the Sea Highway, organized to promote the route that has largely become Nevada State Route 140 and Oregon Route 140 from I-80 at Winnemucca, Nevada to Crescent City.[25] One major improvement to the highway's alignment was made after 1929: the Collier Tunnel replaced the winding route over Hazel View Summit in California on July 20, 1963.[26]

Neither of the early designations — Highway 25 and Route 1 - was marked (signs posted by the California State Automobile Association used the Redwood Highway name), but in 1926 it became U.S. Route 199, a branch of US 99 from Grants Pass to US 101 in Crescent City.[27][28] Oregon moved the Pacific Highway No. 1 from present OR 99 to I-5, which bypassed Grants Pass, in 1959, and the Redwood Highway No. 25 was extended north through downtown Grants Pass to I-5. A proposed branch on M Street to I-5 east of downtown was also included in Highway 25, but this was moved to the E and F Streets one-way pair in 1961.[18] (I-5 here was built in the early 1960s,[29] but US 99 remained on the old alignment.[30]) On the California side of the state line, US 199 was added to the California Freeway and Expressway System in 1959[31] and the State Scenic Highway System in 1963;[32] in the 1964 renumbering the Route 1 designation was dropped, making Route 199 the legislative number.[33] Although US 299 and US 399 became state routes in 1964, the shorter US 199, which crossed a state line, remained. US 99 has since become Oregon Route 99 through Grants Pass, and US 199 now ends at I-5. The spur east from downtown Grants Pass to I-5 was built at the same time as I-5,[34] and in 1991 it was moved from E and F Streets to bypass downtown on the new Grants Pass Parkway.[6]

Major intersections

StateCountyLocationmi[1][2][35][36]kmDestinationsNotes
CaliforniaDel Norte​0.510.82
 US 101 south – Crescent City		Southbound exit and northbound entrance; south end of US 199; US 101 exit 794 northbound.
​North end of freeway
​

 Elk Valley Cross Road (CR D2) to US 101 north – Oregon Coast
​Kings Valley Road, Parkway Drive
​4.377.03
 SR 197 (North Bank Road) to US 101 – Smith River, Oregon
Gasquet14.6423.56Gasquet Flat Road
Patrick Creek22.0735.52Patricks Creek Road
​33.3053.59Collier Tunnel Rest Area
​33.5253.95Collier Tunnel under Hazel View Summit
 36.41
41.69		58.60
67.09		California–Oregon state line
OregonJosephineCave Junction28.9546.59 OR 46 – Oregon Caves National Monument
​8.79–
7.67		14.15–
12.34		Old Redwood Highway to Fish Hatchery Road – Wilderville, Murphy
​7.0911.41Riverbanks Road (OR 260) – Robertson Bridge, Merlin, Griffin Park
Grants Pass0.20–
0.05		0.32–
0.080		 OR 238 – Murphy, Jacksonville
0.35–
0.01		0.56–
0.016

 OR 99 south (Rogue River Highway) to I-5 (Redwood Spur) – Portland, Medford		South end of OR 99 overlap
−0.87−1.40
 F Street to I-5		Former Redwood Spur
−0.94−1.51E StreetFormer Rogue River Loop Highway (Oregon Route 260)
−2.63−4.23Scoville RoadInterchange; northbound exit and southbound entrance
−2.74−4.41
 I-5 / OR 99 north – Portland, Medford		I-5 exit 58; interchange; north end of OR 99 overlap; north end of US 199.
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Redwood Spur (Grants Pass Parkway)

The entire route is in Grants Pass, Josephine County.

mi[2]kmDestinationsNotes
−0.69−1.11
 US 199 south – Rogue Community College, Cave Junction, Crescent City		Junction of the spur with the mainline
−0.64−1.03 OR 238 – Murphy, Jacksonville
−0.55−0.89
 OR 99 south – Rogue River		No turn southbound onto OR 99 (that movement is made via Parkdale Drive)
−0.48−0.77
 OR 99 north (US 199 north)		No turn northbound onto OR 99 (that movement is made by remaining on the US 199 mainline)
1.993.20 I-5 – Portland, MedfordI-5 exit 58; interchange; northbound exit & southbound entrance.
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

References

  1. ^ a b California Department of Transportation. "State Truck Route List". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (XLS file) on September 5, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d Oregon Department of Transportation, Public Road Inventory Archived 2008-02-24 at the Wayback Machine (primarily the Digital Video Log), accessed December 2007
  3. ^ a b c Google Maps street maps and USGS topographic maps, accessed December 2007 via ACME Mapper
  4. ^ Oregon Department of Transportation, Descriptions of US and OR Routes, July 2007
  5. ^ Oregon Transportation Commission, Minutes of the Regular Monthly Meeting, August 16–17, 2005
  6. ^ a b Oregon Department of Transportation, Bypass #7 - Grants Pass Parkway, US 199, Redwood Highway, Highway 25 (MP 0.35-0.25, Y-0.69-Y1.99)
  7. ^ Oregon Department of Transportation, Grants Pass 7th Street Bridge Improvement Project, accessed December 2007
  8. ^ National Bridge Inventory database, 2006
  9. ^ "Article 2 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets and Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  10. ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: California (North) (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
    Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). Oregon (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  11. ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  12. ^ "Article 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets & Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  13. ^ California Department of Transportation (August 2019). "Officially Designated State Scenic Highways and Historic Parkways" (XLSX). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  14. ^ Howard McKinley Corning, Dictionary of Oregon History, 1956, p. 127
  15. ^ Roger Brandt, Illinois Valley News, Early day 'Road to the Sea' marked initial efforts to open valley-coastal commerce, March 15, 2006
  16. ^ a b U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Division of History Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, Redwood National Park: History Basic Data, Chapter 9B: Roads, September 1, 1969
  17. ^ Nancy Wey, National Park Service, A History of Chinese Americans in California: Gasquet Toll Road
  18. ^ a b c Oregon Department of Transportation, History of State Highways in Oregon[permanent dead link‍], January 2007, pp. 187-189
  19. ^ Official Automobile Blue Book, Volume Eight, 1918, p. 163
  20. ^ Howe & Peters, Engineers' Report to California State Automobile Association Covering the Work of the California Highway Commission for the Period 1911-1920, pp. 11-16
  21. ^ Los Angeles Times, Splendid Camps Along the Road, May 18, 1924, p. F5
  22. ^ Rand McNally Auto Road Atlas, 1926, accessed via the Broer Map Library
  23. ^ Oakland Tribune, New Redwood Highway Completed, September 12, 1926
  24. ^ Oakland Tribune, Governors to Dedicate New Hiouchi Span, June 21, 1929
  25. ^ Nevada State Journal, June 15, 1948
  26. ^ Independent Press-Telegram, July 21, 1963
  27. ^ Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via University of North Texas Libraries.
  28. ^ United States Numbered Highways, American Highways (AASHO), April 1927
  29. ^ Oregon State Highway Department, State Highway System[permanent dead link‍], December 31, 1961 and 1962
  30. ^ United States Geological Survey, Medford, Oregon (scale 1:250,000), 1963
  31. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend Sections 306, 320, 332, 351, 362, 365, 369, 374, 382, 388, 397, 407, 408, 409, 410, 415, 422, 435, 440, 446, 453, 456, 460, 467, 470, 476, 487, 492, 493, 494, 506, 521, 528, and 529..." 1959 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 1062 p. 3112.
  32. ^ California State Assembly. "An act...relating to the state scenic highway system". 1963 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 1788 p. 3602.
  33. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to add Section 253 and Article 3 (commencing with Section 300) to Chapter 2 of Division 1 of, and to repeal Section 253 and Article 3 (commencing with Section 300) of Chapter 2 of Division 1 of, the..." 1963 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 385 p. 1185.
  34. ^ National Bridge Inventory database, 2006
  35. ^ California Department of Transportation (July 2007). "Log of Bridges on State Highways". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation.
  36. ^ California Department of Transportation, All Traffic Volumes on CSHS, 2005 and 2006
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