Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln

Henry de Lacy
Earl of Lincoln Baron of Pontefract
Arms of Henry de Lacy: Or, a lion rampant purpure.
Predecessor	Margaret de Quincy, 2nd Countess of Lincoln
Successor	Alice de Lacy, 4th Countess of Lincoln
Born	1251
Died	February 1311 (aged around 60) Lincoln's Inn, London, England
Buried	St Paul's Cathedral
Spouse(s)	Margaret Longespée Joan Fitz Martin
Issue	Alice de Lacy
Father	Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract
Mother	Alésia of Saluzzo

Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln (c. 1251 – February 1311), Baron of Pontefract, Lord of Bowland, Baron of Halton and hereditary Constable of Chester, was an English nobleman and confidant of King Edward I. He served Edward in Wales, France, and Scotland, both as a soldier and a diplomat. Through his mother he was a great grandson of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy. He is the addressee, or joint composer, of a poem (a tenson) by Walter of Bibbesworth about crusading, La pleinte par entre missire Henry de Lacy et sire Wauter de Bybelesworthe pur la croiserie en la terre seinte.

Origins

Seal of Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln.

Henry was the son and heir of Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract (c.1230–1258) (eldest son and heir apparent of John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln (c. 1192-1240) and his wife Margaret de Quincy suo jure Countess of Lincoln (c.1206-1266)) by his wife Alice of Saluzzo, a Savoyard noblewoman descended from Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy.

Inheritance

Henry's father died in 1258 when he was a young child aged about 7, and he went into wardship, which was re-purchased by his mother, with the help of his grandmother. As his father had predeceased his own mother, suo jure the Countess of Lincoln, Henry became her heir when she died in 1266, when he was aged 15 and still in wardship. As ward to large and important estates from both his father and more importantly his grandmother, he was educated at the court of King Henry III.

In 1258 he inherited from his father the titles and offices Baron of Pontefract, Baron of Halton and hereditary Constable of Chester and in about 1266 from his paternal grandmother Margaret de Quincy he inherited lands and titles including Earl of Lincoln. In 1272 he attained the age of majority (21), was knighted and became the Earl of Lincoln.

Career

He became Chief Councillor to King Edward I, son and successor of Henry III. While the king was engaged in military conflicts with the Scots, Henry was appointed Protector of the Realm. Having taken part in the Conquest of Wales in 1282, Henry was granted the Lordship of Denbigh and built Denbigh Castle. In 1296 he went to France with Edmund, Earl of Lancaster ("Edmund Crouchback"), the king's younger brother, on whose death in that year he succeeded as commander of the English forces in Gascony; he returned to England early in 1298. He was at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298 and at the Siege of Carlaverock Castle in 1300, both in Scotland. The Roll of Carlaverock records his coat of arms in verse as: Or, a lion rampant purpure. In November 1300 he was sent on a mission to Rome to complain to the Pope about injury done by the Scots. He was present at King Edward's death in July 1307. For a short time he was friendly with the new king Edward II, and with his favourite Piers Gaveston, but quickly changed his loyalties and joined Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster and the baronial party. He was one of the "Ordainers" appointed in 1311 and was Regent of the Kingdom during the king's absence in Scotland in the same year. He transferred Stanlow Abbey, the Cistercian monastery of which his family was patron, to Whalley Abbey.

Marriage and issue

He married twice:

• Firstly to Margaret Longespée, daughter of Sir William Longespée the Younger by his wife Maud de Clifford, by whom he had two sons who died young and an only daughter and heiress:
  • Alice de Lacy, 4th Countess of Lincoln (1270–1348) who married Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster.
  • Edmund de Lacy, drowned in a well at Denbigh Castle;
  • John de Lacy, fell to his death from a parapet at Pontefract Castle.
• Secondly he married Joan FitzMartin (died 1322), sister of William II FitzMartin (died 1326), Feudal baron of Barnstaple in Devon, without issue.

Death and burial

He died at Lincoln's Inn, his City of London townhouse, and was buried in nearby St Paul's Cathedral. His grave and monument in the choir were destroyed when the Cathedral was burnt down during the Great Fire of London in 1666. A modern monument in the crypt lists De Lacy among the important graves lost.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln

Roger de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln Maud or Matilda de Clere Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester Robert de Quincy Matilda of St Liz Margaret de Quincy, 2nd Countess of Lincoln suo jure Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln suo jure Bertrade de Montfort of Evreux Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln Manfred II, Marquess of Saluzzo Boniface of Saluzzo Azalaïs of Montferrat Manfred III, Marquess of Saluzzo Maria di Torres of Sassari Alice Saluzzo Thomas I, Count of Savoy Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy Margaret of Geneva Beatrice of Savoy Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy Marguerite of Burgundy Beatrice of Albon