A geoportal is a type of web portal used to find and access geographic information (geospatial information) and associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the Internet. Geoportals are important for effective use of geographic information systems (GIS) and a key element of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI).
Geographic information providers, including government agencies and commercial sources, use geoportals to publish descriptions (geospatial metadata) of their geographic information. Geographic information consumers, professional or casual, use geoportals to search and access the information they need. Thus geoportals serve an increasingly important role in the sharing of geographic information and can avoid duplicated efforts, inconsistencies, delays, confusion, and wasted resources.
Background
The United States National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), started in 1994 (see OMB Circular A-16), is considered the earliest geoportal concept. The U.S. Federal Geospatial Data Committee (FGDC) coordinated development of the NSDI Clearinghouse Network, the first large geoportal. It has many distributed catalogs that can be searched via a client interface.
First released in 2003, the Geospatial One-Stop (GOS) geoportal was developed as part of a U.S. e-government initiative. Unlike the NSDI Clearinghouse Network, GOS was built around a centralized metadata catalog database, with an architecture that links users to data providers through a Web-based geoportal. The user of GOS may employ a simple Web browser (thin client) or may interface directly with a GIS (thick client).
More recently, there has been a proliferation of geoportals for sharing of geographic information based on region or theme. Examples include the INSPIRE, or Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community geoportal, the NatCarb geoportal, which provides geographic information concerning carbon sequestration in the United States, and UNSDI, the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure.
Modern web-based geoportals include direct access to raw data in multiple formats, complete metadata, online visualization tools so users can create maps with data in the portal, automated provenance linkages across users, datasets and created maps, commenting mechanisms to discuss data quality and interpretation, and sharing or exporting created maps in various formats. Open portals allow user contribution of datasets as well.
In September 2011, GOS was retired and the content it included by then became part of the broader open data site (Geo.)Data.gov. At the same time, the United States federal government launched the Geospatial Platform, which represents a shift from focusing on cataloging references to resources, to providing shared web services for national significant datasets, API for developers, and end-user applications (built on those web services and API).
List of geoportals
| name |
class |
territory |
content |
developer |
technology |
year from
|
| GeoBlacklight |
geoportal software |
|
|
|
|
2014
|
| Open Geoportal (OGP) |
geoportal software |
|
|
|
|
2013
|
| GEOSS (Global Earth Observation Data) |
global geoportal |
global |
|
|
|
|
| ArcGIS Online |
global geoportal |
global |
|
ESRI |
ArcGIS Server |
|
| Egyptian Geospatial Information Portal
|
national geoportal
|
Egypt
|
|
CAPMAS
|
|
2016
|
| INSPIRE geoportal |
international geoportal |
Europe |
|
|
|
|
| IDE Andorra |
national geoportal |
Andorra |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Belarus |
national geoportal |
Belarus |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal de Chile |
national geoportal |
Chile |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal del Departamento Nacional de Estadística Colombia |
national geoportal |
Colombia |
|
|
|
|
| Mapas Bogotá |
national geoportal |
Colombia, Bogotá |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Croatia |
national geoportal |
Croatia |
|
|
|
|
| Geodata-info Denmark |
national geoportal |
Denmark |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Estonia |
national geoportal |
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Finland |
national geoportal |
Finland |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportail France |
national geoportal |
France |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportail France - tablet version |
national geoportal |
France |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportail France - mobile version |
national geoportal |
France |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Germany |
national geoportal |
Germany |
|
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy |
|
|
| GeoVisitGuatemala |
national geoportal |
Guatemala |
|
|
|
|
| India NSDI Portal |
national geoportal |
India |
|
|
|
|
| Indian GeoSpatial Opendata Portal |
national geoportal |
India |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Ireland |
national geoportal |
Ireland |
|
|
|
|
| Portale Cartografico Nazionale |
national geoportal |
Italy |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Lithuania |
national geoportal |
Lithuania |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Luxembourg |
national geoportal |
Luxembourg |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Mongolia |
theme geoportal |
Mongolia |
|
ALAMGaC |
ArcGIS Server |
2019
|
| PDOK - Publieke Dienstverlening Op de Kaart Loket |
national geoportal |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
| UNSDI Netherlands GeoNetwork portal |
national geoportal |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
| Geospatial Data Service Centre |
national geoportal |
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
| Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) Data Service |
national geoportal |
New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
| GeoNorge |
national geoportal |
Norway |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Poland |
national geoportal |
Poland |
|
|
|
|
| SNIG - Sistema Nacional de Informação Geográfica |
national geoportal |
Portugal |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal of RosKosmos |
national geoportal |
Russian Federation |
|
|
|
2010
|
| NSDI of Russian Federation[permanent dead link] |
national geoportal |
Russian Federation |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Serbia |
national geoportal |
Serbia |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad del Estado español |
national geoportal |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Spain is Culture |
national geoportal |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Pueblos Arquitectura Negra Guadalajara |
national geoportal |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal hotelmapspain-madrid |
national geoportal |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Campiña de Jerez |
national geoportal |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Madrid |
national geoportal |
Spain, Madrid |
|
|
|
|
| IDEE - Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de España |
national geoportal |
Spain |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Bund |
national geoportal |
Switzerland |
|
|
|
|
| UK DataPortal |
national (geo) data portal |
United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
| GoGeo |
national geoportal |
United Kingdom |
|
|
|
|
| Data.gov |
national geoportal |
United States |
|
|
|
|
| Geospatial Platform |
national geoportal |
United States |
|
|
|
|
| NSDI Clearinghouse Network |
national geoportal |
United States |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Simón Bolívar |
national geoportal |
Venezuela |
|
|
|
|
| Abu Dhabi Spatial Data Infrastructure |
city geoportal |
UAE, Abu Dhabi |
|
|
|
|
| GeoStor |
state geoportal |
USA, Arkansas |
|
|
|
|
| CaSIL - California Spatial Information Library |
state geoportal |
USA, California |
|
|
|
|
| Caracas En Un Click |
city geoportal |
Venezuela, Caracas |
|
|
|
|
| IDEC, Spatial Data Infrastructure of Catalonia |
state geoportal |
Spain, Catalonia |
|
|
|
|
| geoEuskadi, Spatial Data Infrastructure of Basque Country |
state geoportal |
Spain, Basque Country |
|
|
|
|
| New Mexico Resource GIS |
state geoportal |
USA, New Mexico |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Rhineland Palatinate |
state geoportal |
Germany, Rhineland Palatinate |
|
|
|
|
| Geoportal Kyzylorda |
state geoportal |
Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda Region |
|
|
|
|
| NatCarb, National Carbon Sequestration Geoportal |
theme geoportal |
United States |
|
|
|
|
| National Geoportal of Nepal |
National Geoportal |
Nepal |
|
|
|
2018
|
| GeoSUR |
Regional Geoportal |
Geospatial network of Latin America and the Caribbean |
|
CAF, USGS |
ESRI Geoportal |
2007
|
| GeoData@Wisconsin
|
state geoportal
|
USA, Wisconsin
|
|
University of Wisconsin
|
GeoBlacklight
|
2014
|
See also
External links
References
- Fu, P., and J. Sun. 2010. Web GIS: Principles and Applications. ESRI Press. Redlands, CA. ISBN 1-58948-245-X.
- Goodchild, M.F., P. Fu, and P.M. Rich. 2007. Geographic information sharing: the case of the Geospatial One-Stop portal. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(2):250-266.
- Maguire, D.J., and P.A. Longley. 2005. The emergence of geoportals and their role in spatial data infrastructures. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 29: 3-14.
- Tang, W. and Selwood, J. 2005. Spatial Portals: Gateways to Spatial Information. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
