Clichy-sous-Bois
Clichy-sous-Bois | |
|---|---|
 The town hall of Clichy-sous-Bois | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Paris and inner ring départements | |
Location of Clichy-sous-Bois  | |
  Clichy-sous-Bois  Clichy-sous-Bois | |
| Coordinates: 48°54′37″N 2°33′12″E / 48.910197°N 2.553235°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Seine-Saint-Denis |
| Arrondissement | Le Raincy |
| Canton | Livry-Gargan |
| Intercommunality | Grand Paris |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Olivier Klein |
Area 1 | 3.95 km2 (1.53 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[1] | 29,735 |
| • Density | 7,500/km2 (19,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 93014 /93390 |
| Elevation | 66–121 m (217–397 ft) (avg. 98 m or 322 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Clichy-sous-Bois (French pronunciation: [kliʃi su bwɑ]) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The majority of its population is made up of African heritage, making it one of the immigrant majority banlieues (urban suburbs) of Paris.[2] The commune is not served by any motorway, major road, or railway and therefore remains one of the most isolated of Paris's inner suburbs. Clichy-sous-Bois is where the 2005 civil unrest started, which subsequently spread nationwide.
Geography
The commune has an area of 3.95 km2 (1.53 sq mi) with 1.1 km2 (0.42 sq mi) of woods. The woods are remnants of the Bondy wood (Forêt Départementale de Bondy, Parc de la Fosse Maussoin, Parc de la Mairie).
The commune is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from central Paris.[3]
History
The name of Clichy-sous-Bois comes from Roman Cleppius, seventh century Clippiacum superius, twelfth century Clichiacum.
Flint tools from the Neolithic have been found here. Clichy en Aulnois belonged to the lords of Livry in the early Middle Ages. Subject to the Knights Templar in the 13th century, Clichy subsequently passed into possession of the Knights Hospitaller order. Until the 16th century, it was a hunting resort of the French kings. In the 18th century, it belonged to the Duc d'Orléans. In 1820, the village had about 150 inhabitants.
On 20 May 1869, a part of the territory of Clichy-sous-Bois was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Livry-Gargan and a small part of the territory of Gagny to create the commune of Le Raincy.
In 1870, Clichy was affected by the Franco-Prussian war.
Heraldry
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The arms of Clichy-sous-Bois are blazoned : Per pale vert and argent, a cinqfoil counterchanged, and on a chief gules a latin cross voided between two bunches of grapes slipped and leaved argent.
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Crime and civil unrest
Clichy-sous-Bois has a high unemployment rate compared to the rest of the country, about 20% and 40% of the people under 25 years old (source : INSEE). The suburban riots of October 2005 originated in Clichy-sous-Bois after the death of two young boys who had been escaping a police control. Then the riots spread to other communes of the department, and then to virtually every major urban area in France.
Demographics
As of 2015[update] the youth unemployment rate was 40%.[4]
Immigration
| Born in metropolitan France | Born outside metropolitan France | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63.7% | 36.3% | |||
| Born in overseas France |
Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth1 | EU-15 immigrants2 | Non-EU-15 immigrants | |
| 2.6% | 2.0% | 4.0% | 27.7% | |
| 1 This group is made up largely of former French settlers, such as pieds-noirs in Northwest Africa, followed by former colonial citizens who had French citizenship at birth (such as was often the case for the native elite in French colonies), as well as to a lesser extent foreign-born children of French expatriates. A foreign country is understood as a country not part of France in 1999, so a person born for example in 1950 in Algeria, when Algeria was an integral part of France, is nonetheless listed as a person born in a foreign country in French statistics. 2 An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. | ||||
As of 2009[update] 33% of the commune's residents were foreign nationals, higher than both the departmental average and the French national average.[5]
Transport
Clichy-sous-Bois is not served directly by any station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest station to Clichy-sous-Bois is Le Raincy – Villemomble – Montfermeil station on Paris RER line E[1]. This station is located in the neighboring commune of Le Raincy, 3.2 km (2.0 mi) from the town center of Clichy-sous-Bois. There is also a T4 Tramway stop at Gargan which is 1.1 km from the town centre. The tramway terminates at the Bondy station for RER-E2, which is only 3 stops to Paris Gare du Nord ( via correspondence at Magenta station) The only direct transport in and out of Clichy-sous-bois is by bus (for example the 601AB bus if you are coming from "Le Raincy-Villemonble-Montfermeil" station).
Due to the lack of a rail link, it was claimed the time on public transport to the city centre can be 1.5 hours [3] but this predates the tramway opened November 2006. A new branch of the T4 Tramway was scheduled to open in 2017, eventually opened in 2019,[6] passes through the heart of Clichy-sous-Bois.
Economy
As of 2007 the unemployment rate was around 20%. It was close to 50% in the housing estates defined by The Economist as "the worst."[3]
Politics
In 2007 the voting turnout for the presidential election in Clichy was 82%. The voter registration had increased by less than 20%.[3]
Education
There are twelve preschool sites,[7] and eleven elementary school sites.[8]
As of 2016[update] there are about 2,500 students in Clichy's four secondary schools. The following junior high schools are in the commune:[9]
- Collège Romain-Rolland
- Collège Louise-Michel
- Collège Robert-Doisneau
- The construction of this junior high relieved Louise-Michel, which saw its student population decline from about 1,200 in 2004 to over 500 in 2012.[10]
The sole senior high school/sixth form college in Clichy is Lycée Alfred-Nobel.[9] As of 2007[update] the lycée has 1,100 students. It has an agreement with the Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences-Po) which allows applicants from the school to gain entrance to the university without taking the entrance examination. As of 2007 three students from the lycée had been admitted.[3]
Personalities linked to the commune
- Roberto Alagna, tenor
- Mamadou Samassa, footballer
- Claude Dilain, former mayor of Clichy-sous-Bois
See also
References
- ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ "French police trial over 2005 Zyed and Bouna deaths". BBC News. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "France's suburbs: Two years on." The Economist. 8 November 2007. Retrieved on 3 March 2014.
- ^ Viscusi, Gregory (18 March 2015). "Paris Ghetto With Views But No Jobs Shows Decades of Failures". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ Sanselm, Franck. "L'Ethnicisation des Rapports Sociaux à l'École." Sociétés contemporaines 2009/4 (n° 76). ISBN 9782724631630. doi:10.3917/soco.076.0121. Hosted at Cairn.info. p. 121-147. CITED: Circa p. 145 (PDF p. 15/16) - "[7] [...]La ville de Clichy-sous-Bois, quant à elle, compte 33% d'habitants de nationalité étrangère contre 18,7% et 7,5% aux niveaux départamental et national (Source: Ville de Clichy-sous-Bois)"
- ^ "La nouvelle branche du T4" livry-gargan.fr, Retrieved on December 4, 2019.
- ^ "Les ecoles maternelles." Clichy-sous-Bois. September 4, 2016.
- ^ "Les ecoles elementaires." Clichy-sous-Bois. Retrieved on September 4, 2016.
- ^ a b "Les collèges et le lycée." Clichy-sous-Bois. Retrieved on September 4, 2016. "Clichy-sous-Bois compte trois collèges et un lycée d’enseignement général et professionnel. Ces quatre établissements sont fréquentés chaque année par plus de 2500 élèves au total."
- ^ "Mission d'information sur la carte scolaire". Senate of France. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016. "Le collège Louise Michel de Clichy-sous-Bois[...]En 2004, il comptait environ 1 200 élèves et constituait le plus gros collège de la commune. En 2012, il n'accueille plus que 550 élèves environ, y compris les SEGPA.[...] en construisant un nouveau collège Robert Doisneau et en modifiant la sectorisation."
External links
- (in French) Official website
- pictures of clichy sous bois :[2]
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