Interferon alfa-2b

Interferon alfa-2b
Clinical data
MedlinePlus	a690006
License data	EU EMA: by INN;
Routes of; administration	Subcutaneous, intramuscular
ATC code	L03AB05 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Identifiers
IUPHAR/BPS	8338;
DrugBank	DB00105 ;
ChemSpider	none;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201558 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.208.165
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Interferon alfa-2b is an antiviral or antineoplastic drug. It is a recombinant form of the protein Interferon alpha-2 that was originally sequenced and produced recombinantly in E. coli^[1] in the laboratory of Charles Weissmann at the University of Zurich, in 1980.^[2]^[3] It was developed at Biogen, and ultimately marketed by Schering-Plough under the trade name Intron-A. It was also produced in 1986 in recombinant human form, in the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Havana, Cuba, under the name Heberon® Alfa R.^[4]

It has been used for a wide range of indications, including viral infections and cancers. This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, hairy cell leukemia, Behçet's disease, chronic myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, follicular lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, mastocytosis and malignant melanoma.^{[citation needed]}

The medication is being used in clinical trials to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2^[5] although there are not yet published results of those trials on peer-reviewed scientific literature.

So far, two non-peer reviewed research articles have been published. One study at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, showed evidence of a direct anti-viral effect of Interferon alpha against novel Coronavirus in vitro. The study demonstrated around 10,000 fold reduction in the quantity of virus that was pre-treated with Interferon alpha 48 hours earlier. A second study by universities in China, Australia and Canada analysed 77 moderate COVID-19 subjects in Wuhan and observed that those who received Interferon alpha-2b showed a significant reduction in the duration of virus shedding period and even in levels of the inflammatory cytokine, IL-6. ^[6] ^[7]

This drug is also used off-label in cats and dogs, both by injection and orally.^[8]

Interferon alfa-2b products^[9]
Product	Manufacturer	Features	Special uses
Alpharona	Pharmaclon
Intron-A/IntronA	Schering-Plough
Realderon	Teva
Reaferon EC	GNC Vector
Reaferon EC-Lipint	Vector-Medica	liposomal
Infagel	Vector-Medica	ointment
Recolin	Vector-Medica
Altevir	Bioprocess subsidiary	liquid, free of HSA
Kipferon	Alfarm	combination with IgM, IgA, IgG
Giaferon	A/S Vitafarma
Genferon	Biocad
Opthalamoferon	Firn-M	with dimedrol	eye infections
Heberon Alfa R	BioCubaFarma, Cuban-Chinese joint venture ChangHeber^[10]^[11]		severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)^[12]

References

^ Nagata, Shigekazu; Taira, Hideharu; Hall, Alan; Johnsrud, Lorraine; Streuli, Michel; Ecsödi, Josef; Boll, Werner; Cantell, Kari; Weissmann, Charles (1980). "Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity". Nature. 284 (5754): 316–320. Bibcode:1980Natur.284..316N. doi:10.1038/284316a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 6987533. S2CID 4310807.
^ Weissmann, Charles (2001). "Recombinant interferon - the 20th anniversary". In Buckel, Peter (ed.). Recombinant Protein Drugs. Milestones in Drug Therapy. Basel: Birkhäuser. pp. 3–41. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8346-7_1. ISBN 978-3-0348-8346-7.
^ Mantei, Ned; Schwarzstein, Marco; Streuli, Michel; Panem, Sandra; Nagata, Shigekazu; Weissmann, Charles (1980-06-01). "The nucleotide sequence of a cloned human leukocyte Interferon cDNA". Gene. 10 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(80)90137-7. ISSN 0378-1119. PMID 6157600.
^ Nodarse-Cuní, Hugo; López-Saura, Pedro A. (2017). "Cuban interferon alpha-2b. Thirty years as an effective and safe drug". Biotecnología Aplicada. 34 (1): 1211–1217. ISSN 1027-2852.
^ EDT, Tom O'Connor On 3/24/20 at 5:34 PM (March 24, 2020). "Cuba uses "wonder drug" to fight coronavirus around the world despite U.S. sanctions". Newsweek.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/zydus-to-test-use-of-hep-c-med-for-virus/articleshow/75260635.cms
^ https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-zydus-explores-biologicals-route-t-idUSFWN2C51DU
^ Forney, Barbara. "Interferon Alpha-2B for Veterinary Use". Wedgewood Pharmacy.
^ Dmitrij I. Bairamashvili1 and Mikhail L. Rabinovich2* (2007). "Russia through the prism of the world biopharmaceutical market" (PDF). Biotechnol. J. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-24. Retrieved 2009-06-14.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ https://asiatimes.com/2020/04/covid-contenders-viral-drugs-that-offer-hope/
^ https://oncubanews.com/en/cuba/the-famous-cuban-interferon-vs-the-sars-cov-2-coronavirus/
^ https://amerika21.de/2020/03/238594/interferon-kuba-deutschland

External links

Intron-A Summary of Product Characteristics
Nagata S, Taira H, Hall A, et al. (Mar 1980). "Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity". Nature. 284 (5754): 316–20. Bibcode:1980Natur.284..316N. doi:10.1038/284316a0. PMID 6987533. S2CID 4310807.

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[1] Nagata, Shigekazu; Taira, Hideharu; Hall, Alan; Johnsrud, Lorraine; Streuli, Michel; Ecsödi, Josef; Boll, Werner; Cantell, Kari; Weissmann, Charles (1980). "Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity". Nature. 284 (5754): 316–320. Bibcode:1980Natur.284..316N. doi:10.1038/284316a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 6987533. S2CID 4310807.

[2] Weissmann, Charles (2001). "Recombinant interferon - the 20th anniversary". In Buckel, Peter (ed.). Recombinant Protein Drugs. Milestones in Drug Therapy. Basel: Birkhäuser. pp. 3–41. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8346-7_1. ISBN 978-3-0348-8346-7.

[3] Mantei, Ned; Schwarzstein, Marco; Streuli, Michel; Panem, Sandra; Nagata, Shigekazu; Weissmann, Charles (1980-06-01). "The nucleotide sequence of a cloned human leukocyte Interferon cDNA". Gene. 10 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(80)90137-7. ISSN 0378-1119. PMID 6157600.

[4] Nodarse-Cuní, Hugo; López-Saura, Pedro A. (2017). "Cuban interferon alpha-2b. Thirty years as an effective and safe drug". Biotecnología Aplicada. 34 (1): 1211–1217. ISSN 1027-2852.

[auto-5] EDT, Tom O'Connor On 3/24/20 at 5:34 PM (March 24, 2020). "Cuba uses "wonder drug" to fight coronavirus around the world despite U.S. sanctions". Newsweek.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[6] ttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/zydus-to-test-use-of-hep-c-med-for-virus/articleshow/75260635.cms

[7] ttps://www.reuters.com/article/brief-zydus-explores-biologicals-route-t-idUSFWN2C51DU

[8] Forney, Barbara. "Interferon Alpha-2B for Veterinary Use". Wedgewood Pharmacy.

[9] Dmitrij I. Bairamashvili1 and Mikhail L. Rabinovich2* (2007). "Russia through the prism of the world biopharmaceutical market" (PDF). Biotechnol. J. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-24. Retrieved 2009-06-14.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[10] ttps://asiatimes.com/2020/04/covid-contenders-viral-drugs-that-offer-hope/

[11] ttps://oncubanews.com/en/cuba/the-famous-cuban-interferon-vs-the-sars-cov-2-coronavirus/

[12] ttps://amerika21.de/2020/03/238594/interferon-kuba-deutschland

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See also

References

External links