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List of white dwarfs

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This is a list of exceptional white dwarfs.

Firsts

These were the first white dwarfs discovered fitting these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
First discovered Sirius B 1852 Sirius system Sirius B is also the nearest white dwarf (as of 2005) [1][2]
First found in a binary star system
First double white dwarf system LDS 275 1944 L 462-56 system [3]
First solitary white dwarf
First white dwarf in a planetary system
First white dwarf with a planet WD B1620—26 2003 PSR B1620-26 b (planet) This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system [4][5]
First white dwarf with an orbiting planet As of 2013, no planets have been found orbiting only a white dwarf [6]
First white dwarf that is a pulsar AR Scorpii A 2016 The star is in a binary system with a red dwarf [7]

Extremes

These are the white dwarfs which are currently known to fit these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
Nearest Sirius B 1852 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the first white dwarf discovered.
See also: § Nearest
 [1][2]
Farthest SN UDS10Wil progenitor 2013 10,500,000,000Ly z=1.914 SN Wilson is a type-Ia supernova whose progenitor was a white dwarf [8][9][10]
Farthest extant
Oldest WD 0346+246
SDSS J110217.48+411315.4 		2012 12 Gy (tied)
Youngest SDSS J0003+0718 2011 ~13 My provisional estimate
Highest surface temperature RX J0439.8−6809 2015 250,000 K (250,000 °C; 450,000 °F) This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud [11][12]
Lowest surface temperature PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 3,000 K (2,700 C°, 4,892 F°) [13]
Most luminous
Least luminous PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 too dim to observe
Brightest apparent Sirius B 1852 8.44 (V)
Dimmest apparent PSR J2222-0137 B 2014 too dim to observe
Most massive RE J0317-853 1998 1.35 M☉
Least massive SDSS J091709.55+463821.8 2007 0.17 M☉
Largest Z Andromedae B 0.265±0.095 R☉
Smallest RE J0317-853 2010 0.0035±0.000575 R☉

Nearest

10 nearest white dwarfs
Star Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 8.58 ly (2.63 pc) Sirius B is also the first white dwarf discovered. It is part of the Sirius system. [1][2][14][15]
Procyon B 11.43 ly (3.50 pc) Part of Procyon system [14][15]
van Maanen's Star 14.04 ly (4.30 pc) [14][15]
GJ 440 15.09 ly (4.63 pc) [14]
40 Eridani B 16.25 ly (4.98 pc) Part of 40 Eridani system [14][15]
Stein 2051 B 18.06 ly (5.54 pc) Part of Stein 2051 system [14][15]
LP 44-113 20.0 ly (6.1 pc) [15]
G 99-44 20.9 ly (6.4 pc) [15]
L 97-12 25.8 ly (7.9 pc) [15]
Wolf 489 26.7 ly (8.2 pc) [15]
Timeline of nearest white dwarf recordholders
Star Date Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 1852— 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the first white dwarf discovered [1][2]

Notes

  • SDSS J1228+1040, A white dwarf with disk of debris.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Atlas of the Universe, "The Universe within 12.5 Light Years: The Nearest Stars", Richard Powell, 30 July 2006 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  2. ^ a b c d BBC News, "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf", Christine McGourty, 14 December 2005 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  3. ^ W. J. Luyten (September 1944). "Note on the Double White Dwarf L 462-56 = LDS 275". Astrophysical Journal. 100: 202. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..202L. doi:10.1086/144658.
  4. ^ Steinn Sigurdsson; Harvey B. Richer; Brad M. Hansen; Ingrid H. Stairs; Stephen E. Thorsett (July 2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation". Science. 301 (5630): 193–196. arXiv:astro-ph/0307339. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..193S. doi:10.1126/science.1086326. PMID 12855802.
  5. ^ "Looking for planets around white dwarfs". Professor Astronomy. 20 August 2010.
  6. ^ Amanda Doyle (25 February 2013). "Detecting Life on Planets that Orbit White Dwarf Stars". AstroBiology Magazine.
  7. ^ Hambsch, Franz-Josef. "Amateurs Help Discover Pulsing White Dwarf". Sky and Telescope.
  8. ^ Jason Major (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel.
  9. ^ "CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed". Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). 23 April 2013.
  10. ^ David O. Jones; Steven A. Rodney; Adam G. Riess; Bahram Mobasher; Tomas Dahlen; Curtis McCully; Teddy F. Frederiksen; Stefano Casertano; Jens Hjorth; Charles R. Keeton; Anton Koekemoer; Louis-Gregory Strolger; Tommy G. Wiklind; Peter Challis; Or Graur; Brian Hayden; Brandon Patel; Benjamin J. Weiner; Alexei V. Filippenko; Peter Garnavich; Saurabh W. Jha; Robert P. Kirshner; Henry C. Ferguson; Norman A. Grogin; Dale Kocevski (2 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal. 768 (2) (published May 2013): 166. arXiv:1304.0768. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..166J. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. 166.
  11. ^ Universitaet Tübingen (24 November 2015). "The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy". Science Daily.
  12. ^ K. Werner; T. Rauch (29 September 2015). "Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 584 (published December 2015): A19. arXiv:1509.08942. Bibcode:2015A&A...584A..19W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527261. A19.
  13. ^ Kaplan, David L.; Boyles, Jason; Dunlap, Bart H.; Tendulkar, Shriharsh P.; Deller, Adam T.; Ransom, Scott M.; McLaughlin, Maura A.; Lorimer, Duncan R.; Stairs, Ingrid H. (2014-07-01). "A 1.05 M ☉ Companion to PSR J2222-0137: The Coolest Known White Dwarf?". The Astrophysical Journal. 789: 119. arXiv:1406.0488. Bibcode:2014ApJ...789..119K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/789/2/119. ISSN 0004-637X.
  14. ^ a b c d e f David Taylor (2012). "White Dwarf Stars Near The Earth" (PDF). The Life and Death of Stars. Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences - Northwestern University.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i "White dwarfs within 10 parsecs". Sol Station. 2011.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to white dwarfs.


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