Schriesheim
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (February 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Schriesheim | |
|---|---|
 Old town hall | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Schriesheim within Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district  | |
  Schriesheim  Schriesheim | |
| Coordinates: 49°28′25″N 08°39′33″E / 49.47361°N 8.65917°E | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Karlsruhe |
| District | Rhein-Neckar-Kreis |
| Subdivisions | 3 Stadtteile |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Hansjörg Höfer |
| Area | |
• Total | 31.64 km2 (12.22 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 121 m (397 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[1] | |
• Total | 15,091 |
| • Density | 480/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 69198; 6905 (former postal code) |
| Dialling codes | 06203, 06220 (Altenbach) |
| Vehicle registration | HD |
| Website | www.schriesheim.de |
Schriesheim is a town located in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, west of Mannheim.
Geography
Subdivisions
The city of Schriesheim has three subdivisions: Schriesheim proper, Altenbach and Ursenbach. These subdivisions are geographically identical with what were previously townships of the same names. The latter two parts are located in the Odenwald mountains. Except for Schriesheim itself, their official names appear in the form, "Schriesheim, Subdivision of ...". At the same time, these subdivisions constitute residential districts, as defined by Baden-Württemberg's municipal code. This means that each has its own village council and municipal administrator overseeing its affairs.[2]
The subdivision of Altenbach includes the village of Altenbach, the hamlet of Kohlhof and the Röschbach homestead. The subdivision of Schriesheim includes the town of Schriesheim, the site of the Stam(m)berg retirement community and the houses of the Schriesheim farm. Ursenbach consists of the village of Ursenbach and the Ursenbach farm. In Altenbach, the villages of Ringes und Hohenöd have recently sprung up.[3]
Altenbach is located 7 km east of the main town of Schriesheim in the Odenwald, right at the headwaters of the Kanzelbach stream, which there is called the Altenbach, the same name as the town (Alten Bach means "old stream"). Similarly, Ursenbach, which is located 3 km northwest of Altenbach and is also in the Odenwald, is named after a stream of the same name which flows into the Altenbach before the latter turns into the Kanzelbach and flows through Schriesheim.
Neighboring communities
Schriesheim borders to the west on Ladenburg, to the north on Hirschberg an der Bergstraße, to the northeast on Weinheim, to the east on Heiligkreuzsteinach and Wilhelmsfeld, to the southeast on Heidelberg and to the south on Dossenheim.
Geology
There is a large porphyry deposit in the area of the Ölberg, which was developed in times past.[2] Likewise, silver was mined in the past along with barite and iron sulfate in the area of the mountain.
Schriesheim's municipal area covers more than 3,162 hectares (12.2 square miles). Of that, 13.1% is devoted to housing and roads, 27.7% is being used for farming, and the remaining 58.6% represents woodland.[3]
Climate
Schriesheim belongs, like the city of Mannheim to the warmest part of Germany. The amount of precipitation increases from west to east and ranges between 650 und 800 mm. The nearest weather station, located in Heidelberg, recorded an average temperature of 11.1 °C and average precipitation of 745 mm per year between the years 1971 and 2000. The warmest month is July with an average temperature of 20.1 °C while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of 2.5 °C.[4]
|
Average Monthly Temperature and Precipitation for Heidelberg 1971–2000
|
A severe winter frost in 1956 destroyed many fruit trees, especially plum trees. Figs have been grown within the borders of the city for many years.
History
|
|
Politics
City Council
The city council has 28 members and is elected directly by the populace for 5 year terms. The mayor is a de facto member of the council and its head. Since the 2004 election, the distribution of seats is as follows:
| CDU | GL* | FW | SPD | FDP | Gesamt |
| 8 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 28 |
*Green List of Schriesheim
Youth City Council
Since 2001, there has also been a Youth City Council in Schriesheim which consists of 12 young people from Schriesheim. Their term lasts for two years. Members must be between 14 and 19 years of age and live in Schriesheim. The criteria for eligibility are the same as for eligibility to vote, i.e. every person who is eligible to vote is permitted to run for election.
Mayor
The mayor is chosen by direct ballot for a term of 8 years. In the run-off election at the end of 2005, Hansjörg Höfer (alderman of the "Green List" party) narrowly won with 50,62 percent of the vote over Peter Rosenberger (supported by the CDU, FDP and "Free Constituents" parties) with 49,19 percent. Hansjörg Höfer has been in office since 1 February 2006.
Previous Mayors:
After the Second World War, the mayoral election of 1952 produced a scandal that received notice in the international press (for example, the New York Times). Back then, Fritz Urban was victorious. Urban, who stemmed from an old Schriesheim family of lawyers, some of whom had previously stood for mayoral office, had back in 1933 become NSDAP-local group leader, then a few days after the seizure of power by the National Socialist Party, had become mayor and had held that office until 1945 when the Occupying Forces reinstalled George Rufer, who had already been mayor from 1920 until 1933. Fritz Urban then was not permitted to take office. The role of mayor was temporarily taken over by Acting Mayor Martin Ringelspacher until new elections took place in 1954.
| Wilhelm Heeger | 1 February 1954 until 31 January 1974 |
| Peter Riehl | 1 February 1974 until 31 January 2006 |
| Hansjörg Höfer | since 1 February 2006 |
Coat of arms
On the black background of the coat-of-arms is emblazoned a golden lion, with red claws, a red tongue, and a red crown, standing on two crossed arrows, one red and one silver.'
This coat-of-arms refers back to an official seal from the year 1381. The arrows suggest (i.e. the coat of arms embodies a message) the local dominion of the Strahlenbergers, while the lion stands for the Electoral Palatinate.
The official city flag is yellow and black and was adopted by the community in 1956.[5]
City partnerships
Schriesheim has been partners with Uzès in France since 1984.
Religion
In the 16th century, Schriesheim experienced the checkered history of the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate. In 1556 the Reformation was launched and after 1560, the Electoral Palatinate adopted Calvinism, but then under Count Palatine Louis VI, Elector Palatine, it returned to Lutheranism, only to return the Swiss Reformed Church from 1583 on under acting regent John Casimir and Frederick IV. In the first half of the 17th century, the Elector Palatine became the leader of the German Protestants.
Shortly after the 30-Years War, Schriesheim's dramatically reduced population (only 20% had survived the Thirty Years' War) was purely Reformed, that is Calvinist, but in the years that followed, Catholics, Lutherans and Jews moved in alongside the favored Reformed Swiss immigrants to replenish the population. But in 1685the ruling dynasty of the Electoral Palatinate which was "Reformed" since 1559, died out and was replaced by a cadet branch that was Catholic which changed the whole situation. Suddenly the small Catholic minority in the village was favored by the authorities and Catholic officials moved in.
Jews were already resident in Schriesheim during the Middle Ages, but were driven out of the city during the year of the Black Death in 1349. Jews were again documented in Schriesheim during the 15th century. In 1644, when the village was abandoned during the Thirty Years' War, the Jews also disappeared. It was only in 1651 and 1653 that two Jewish families, the Fuld and the Oppenheiner again settled in Schriesheim. In 1858, the Jewish community reached its peak with 125 members, only to shrink, primarily because of emigration to the United States and relocation to the big cities Frankfurt and Mannheim. At the start of 1933, only 38 Jews were still living in Schriesheim, almost all of whom had left by 1938. By September 1939, there were no Jews living in Schriesheim anymore. Only four were still living in Europe at the start of the Second World War. One died a natural death of old age, two others were successful in emigrating to New York. Only Levi Schlösser fell victim to the Holocaust.
In 1705/1706, Pietistic community built up around Alexander Mack, which, in 1708 led to the introduction of adult baptism in this community, which gave them the nicknames, "Dunkers" and "dippers". Soon, as a result of growing persecution, this community had to flee and eventually emigrated to America where they formed the Church of the Brethren with its many offshoots, among them the Old German Baptist Brethren.
Since the beginning of the 19th century, there were increasing numbers of Pietistic groups in Schriesheim and in 1895, Ludwig Grüber established a Baptist community.
After the Second World War, a New Apostolic Community was formed in Schriesheim.
A Muslim mosque is also located in Schriesheim.
Sacred buildings
Until near the end of the 18th century, the village linden tree stood next to the former village church in the triangle formed by the Bachgasse, Talstraße and Schmale Seite on the west side of town. It stood alongside the Gaulsbrücke ("horse brige") over the Kanzelbach in the original heart of the village. Schriesheim's patron saint during the Middle Ages was St. Vitus, after whom the old village church was named. There is nothing left of this old village church.
The construction of the village church, on the site of today's Evangelical Church, probably started in 1243 as coins found near the foundation suggest. In the course of the centuries, this church building had suffered so much damage that by the middle of the 18th century, either it needed an elaborate and expensive renovation or it had to be completely torn down and replaced. A decision was made in favor of the latter; the new church was built between 1748 and 1751.
The relative small Catholic and Lutheran communities, which had moved in step by step after the Thirty Years' War, each built their own churches after holding simultaneous services in the old parish church for more than a decade, a situation that was forced upon the Reformed Church by the new Catholic dynasty (see above).
In 1711, the Catholic community, with the generous support of the now Catholic authorities, built their church which remains today the Catholic Church of Schriesheim. The church had to be expanded on its northern side shortly before the Second Vatican Council in 1959 in order to accommodate the growing number of Catholics. As a result of this expansion, the original "longboat" church design was converted into a T-shaped design. In 1996/97, the last renovation occurred: the former presbytery became a baptismal chapel featuring an unusual baptismal font with running water and the factory-made glass blocks were replaced by stained-glass windows.
Between 1708 and 1711, the Lutheran community built a small church in what is today the Lutherische Kirchgasse ("Lutheran church lane"). It was to have a checkered history. After the forced merger of the Lutheran community with the Reformed Church into the Regional Church of Baden in 1821, the building was sold to a Jewish resident, Simon Oppenheimer and in 1839, the Jewish community installed a synagogue in the eastern part of the building. In the years after 1933, when Hitler came to power, the Jews of Schriesheim mostly emigrated. The Schriesheim synagogue was plundered 9 November 1938 which Seligmann Fuld, the last remaining Jew in Schriesheim had to witness. He subsequently moved to America. In 1954, the New Apostolic community transformed the former synagogue into a church again.
In 1954, the Baptist community moved into their own, newly built church in the upper Bahnhofstraße.
Museums
There is a museum.
Sport
Above Schriesheim near the Strahlenburg, there is an old stone quarry that offers many and varied opportunities for amateur rock climbers.
Business and infrastructure
Commerce
The Oberrheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ("Upper Rhine Valley Railroad"), which has since 2005 been operated by the RNV, passes through Schriesheim. It is part of the fare district of the Verkehrsverbunds Rhein-Neckar.
Schriesheim also has a music school, an adult education center, and a public library.
Citizens
Famous residents
- Alexander Mack (1679–1735), Pietist
- Alfred Herbst (?-1943) Baptist pacifist and opponent of Hitler, murdered in the Görden quarter of Brandenburg an der Havel
- Reiner Kröhnert (born 1958), stand-up comedian
Honorary citizens
- 1993: Peter Hartmann (1914-2018), longtime alderman of the Free Voter Party, acting mayor, deputy mayor from 1954-1993, centenarian
- 2006: Peter Riehl, mayor 1974–2006
References
- ^ "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022" [Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022] (CSV) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
- ^ Zu den Porphyrvorkommen der Schriesheimer Gemarkung auf der offiziellen Webpräsenz des.Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg
- ^ Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg, Stand: 31. Dezember 2004 Archived 2012-12-02 at archive.today
- ^ www.klimadiagramme.de
- ^ Herwig John, Gabriele Wüst: Wappenbuch Rhein-Neckar-Kreis. Ubstadt-Weiher 1996, ISBN 3-929366-27-4, S. 109
Literature
- Hans Huth: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Landkreises Mannheim: Ohne Stadt Schwetzingen. München 1967
- Staatl. Archivverwaltung Baden-Württemberg in Verbindung mit d. Städten u.d. Landkreisen Heidelberg u. Mannheim (Hrsg.): Die Stadt- und die Landkreise Heidelberg und Mannheim: Amtliche Kreisbeschreibung.
- Bd 1: Allgemeiner Teil. Karlsruhe 1966
- Bd 3: Die Stadt Mannheim und die Gemeinden des Landkreises Mannheim. Karlsruhe 1970
- Hermann Brunn: 1200 Jahre Schriesheim. Südwestdeutsche Verlagsanstalt, Mannheim, 1964. Zum Stadtjubiläum 1964 erschienenes, bis heute gültiges Standardwerk für die Zeit bis zum 1200-jährigen Jubiläum.
- Eugen Herwig: Schriesheim. Ansichten und Pläne aus einer 400jährigen Vergangenheit 1528–1898. Schriesheim 1987.
- Eugen Herwig, Karl Schuhmann: Schriesemerisch fer Schriesemer. Eine Mundart-Sammlung mit bebilderten und heimatkundlichen Beiträgen. Schriesheim 1994.
- Hans Hecklau: Die Gliederung der Kulturlandschaft im Gebiet von Schriesheim – Bergstraße. Ein Beitrag zur Methodik der Kulturlandschaftsforschung. Berlin 1964.
- Karl Kollnig: Die Zent Schriesheim. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Zentverfassung in Kurpfalz. Heidelberg 1933.
- Peter Löffelad: Die Flurnamen der Stadt Schriesheim mit Altenbach und Ursenbach. Ellwangen 2004.
- Evangelische Gemeinde Schrießheim: 400 Jahre Evangelische Gemeinde Schriesheim. 1556–1956. Schrießheim 1956.
- Zur Geschichte der Juden in Schriesheim: Schriesheimer Jahrbücher 2002/2003/2004/2005, hrsg. vom Stadtarchiv Schriesheim.
- Hermann Brunn: Die Bevölkerungsentwicklung Schriesheims. 1951.
- Hermann Brunn: Schriesheimer Mühlen. Schriesheim 1947.
- Hermann Brunn: Schriesheimer Mühlen. Schriesheim 1947.
- Hermann Brunn: Schriesheimer Mühlen. Schriesheim 1947.
- Karl Schuhmann: Familienbuch Schriesheim 16501900. Schriesheim 2004.
- Wilhelm Heeger: Geistergeschichten und Sagen aus Schriesheim und Umgebung. Schriesheim 1977.
External links
- Official website
(in German) - Geschichte Schriesheims (Uni Heidelberg) (in German)
- Schriesheim, Germany, celebrates the grape, article in Stars and Stripes
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |