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Dusty in Memphis

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Dusty in Memphis
US cover
Studio album by
Dusty Springfield
Released18 January 1969 (1969-01-18)
RecordedSeptember 1968[1]
StudioAmerican Sound Studios in Memphis; vocal overdubbing at Atlantic Studios in New York[1]
GenrePop, soul, R&B, blue-eyed soul
Length33:31
LabelAtlantic (US)
Philips (worldwide)
ProducerJerry Wexler, Arif Mardin, Tom Dowd
Dusty Springfield chronology
Dusty... Definitely
(1968) 		Dusty in Memphis
(1969) 		A Brand New Me
(1970)
Alternative cover
Worldwide cover

Dusty in Memphis is the fifth studio album by English singer Dusty Springfield. Initial sessions were recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis, while Springfield's final vocals and the album's orchestral parts were recorded at Atlantic Records' New York City studios. The album was released on 18 January 1969 in the United States by Atlantic, and Philips Records distributed the record outside the U.S. To make the album, Springfield worked with a team of musicians and producers that included Jerry Wexler, Arif Mardin, Tom Dowd, conductor Gene Orloff, backing vocalists The Sweet Inspirations, bassist Tommy Cogbill, and guitarist Reggie Young.

Dusty in Memphis sold poorly on its first release, despite featuring one of Springfield's top-10 UK hits, "Son of a Preacher Man". The album has since been acclaimed as her best work and one of the greatest records of all time, music critic Robert Christgau calling it "the all-time rock-era torch record"[2] and included it in his "Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981).[3] In 2001, it was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[4]

In 2020, the album was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[5][6] In its official press release, the library stated that despite its modest sales when first released, "over time, Dusty in Memphis grew in stature to become widely recognized as an important album by a woman in the rock era."[5]

Writing and recording

Hoping to reinvigorate her career and boost her credibility[citation needed], Springfield signed with Atlantic Records, at the time the label of one of her soul music idols, Aretha Franklin. Springfield signed with Atlantic on the condition that she work with the label's chief producer and co-owner Jerry Wexler. For their initial album project, Wexler provided Springfield with dozens of song demo recordings, and the two decided on a program of 11 songs, primarily in the pop genre. Eight of the songs were composed by New York and Los Angeles-based songwriters who at the time were associated with the "Brill Building Sound". However, the album's best-known track, "Son of a Preacher Man", was not among these, and was originally written for Franklin. "Preacher Man" was musically and thematically closer to classic Southern soul, as was another of the album's cuts, "Breakfast in Bed". Farthest from the soul genre on the album was Michel Legrand's "The Windmills of Your Mind", which Springfield initially resisted and Wexler championed. Wexler and Springfield's idea for the album was to record the pop compositions in a Southern soul style, a combination that other producers had tried successfully at American Sound Studios with acts like The Box Tops and Merrilee Rush.

The Memphis sessions were supervised by the Wexler, fellow Atlantic producer Arif Mardin, and Atlantic engineer Tom Dowd. Performing with Springfield were back-up singers The Sweet Inspirations and members of an informal group of American Sound Studios studio musicians known as The Memphis Boys, which included guitarist Reggie Young and bassist Tommy Cogbill.[7] In addition to their pop session work, The Memphis Boys had previously backed soul musicians Wilson Pickett, Joe Tex, Bobby Womack, and King Curtis. Recording engineer Terry Manning, who was hired on assignment to write a piece on the sessions for the New Musical Express, attended and ended up assisting Dowd, along with Ed Kollis. The songs were written by, among others, Gerry Goffin and Carole King, Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, Randy Newman, and Burt Bacharach and Hal David.[8]

The recording was a challenge for Wexler. In his book Rhythm and the Blues, Wexler wrote that out of all the songs that were initially submitted to Springfield for consideration, "she approved exactly zero." For her, he continued, "to say yes to one song was seen as a lifetime commitment."[9] Springfield disputed this, saying she did choose two: "Son of a Preacher Man" and "Just a Little Lovin'".[10] He was surprised, given Dusty's talent, by her apparent insecurity. Springfield later attributed her initial unease to a very real anxiety about being compared with the soul greats who had recorded in the same studios. Eventually Dusty's final vocals were recorded in New York.[11] Additionally, Springfield stated that she had never before worked with just a rhythm track, and that it was the first time she had worked with outside producers, having self-produced her previous recordings (something for which she never took credit).[10]

During the Memphis sessions in November 1968, Springfield suggested to the heads of Atlantic Records that they should sign the newly formed Led Zeppelin group. She knew the band's bass player John Paul Jones, who had backed her in concerts before. Without having ever seen them and largely on Dusty's advice,[12] the record company signed the group with a $143,000 advance.[13]

Release and reception

Retrospective professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[14]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[15]
Entertainment WeeklyA[16]
Music Story[17]
MusicHound Rock4/5[18]
Q[19]
Rolling Stone[20]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[21]
Sputnikmusic4.5/5[22]

Dusty in Memphis was released by Atlantic Records on 18 January 1969 in the United States and on 18 April by Philips Records in the United Kingdom.[23] The album was a commercial failure in both countries, only reaching number 99 on the American album charts and failing to chart altogether on the British Top 40. According to music journalist Peter Robinson, its failure stalled Springfield's career rather than revive it, although the record eventually became "a popcultural milestone [and] timeless emotional reference point" for listeners who discovered it in second-hand shops or purchased one of its several reissues years later.[24] Robert Christgau called it "a pop standard and classic", predicting in his 1973 column for Newsday it would be "the kind of record that will sell for years because its admirers need replacement copies, and it is the perfect instance of how a production team should work."[25] Greil Marcus was less enthusiastic in Rolling Stone, deeming some of the songwriting inconsistent on what was "a real drifting, cool, smart, sexually distracted soul album".[20]

Though the album was not a hit, it was the first of a small wave of "in Memphis"-style albums that were recorded by pop singers at American Recording Studios. Three months after Springfield's album was released, Dionne Warwick's Soulful album was released, which had a roughly similar mix of soul and pop elements. In the summer of 1969, Elvis Presley's From Elvis in Memphis was released, featuring Presley playing with The Memphis Boys musicians. The following year, Petula Clark's Memphis album was released. These albums were all part of a larger 1960s and 1970s boom of soul and pop music production in Memphis (which, in addition to American, was home to Stax Records, Hi Records, and other studios and labels), and nearby Muscle Shoals, Alabama.

Dusty in Memphis has frequently been named one of the greatest albums of all-time; according to Acclaimed Music, it is the 104th most prominently ranked record on critics' all-time lists.[26] NME named it the 54th greatest album ever in their 1993 list,[27] and it was voted number 171 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000).[28] In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked the record 89th on the magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time,[29] a rating which the album maintained in a 2012 revised list.[30] According to Richie Unterberger of AllMusic, the album's reputation has improved significantly over time as the music is "deserving of its classic status".[14] Tony Scherman from Entertainment Weekly said Dusty in Memphis is a "pure gem", Springfield's greatest work, and perhaps one of the greatest pop records ever recorded.[16] Q took note of its balance between "R&B and sensitive pop dramas",[19] while Spin critic Chuck Eddy viewed it as one of the all-important blue-eyed soul records.[31] In The A.V. Club, Keith Phipps wrote that Springfield and her team of musicians and producers for Dusty in Memphis developed an elegant and distinct fusion of pop and R&B that predated the Philadelphia soul sound of the 1970s.[32] According to Eric Klinger from PopMatters, its sophisticated style of music influenced the sound of 1990s trip hop artists who sampled songs from the album and became a blueprint for British female singers of the 2000s, including Adele, Amy Winehouse, Duffy, Joss Stone, Paloma Faith and Rumer.[33]

Track listing

Side One
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Just a Little Lovin'"Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil2:19
2."So Much Love"Gerry Goffin, Carole King3:33
3."Son of a Preacher Man"John Hurley, Ronnie Wilkins2:28
4."I Don't Want to Hear It Anymore"Randy Newman3:12
5."Don't Forget About Me"Goffin, King2:54
6."Breakfast in Bed"Eddie Hinton, Donnie Fritts2:59
Side Two
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
7."Just One Smile"Newman2:44
8."The Windmills of Your Mind"Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Michel Legrand3:54
9."In the Land of Make Believe"Burt Bacharach, Hal David2:34
10."No Easy Way Down"Goffin, King3:11
11."I Can't Make It Alone"Goffin, King4:01
Total length:33:31

CD re-issues

Dusty in Memphis was first released on CD by Philips Records/PolyGram and re-released in the UK/Europe in 1988. The first digitally remastered re-issue was released by Rhino Records (at the time independent, licensed from Atlantic) in the US in 1992, and included three bonus tracks. A Deluxe Edition with fourteen bonus tracks, again released by Rhino (now a sublabel of Warner Music), followed in 1999. A fourth 24-bit digitally remastered CD edition with a third set of bonus tracks was issued by Mercury Records/Universal Music in the UK/Europe in 2002.

Among the additional materials featured on these re-releases are recordings from the Atlantic Records archives; outtakes and alternate mixes from the Dusty in Memphis sessions, two tracks from a cancelled second album with Jerry Wexler recorded in 1969, tracks from a shelved second album with Gamble & Huff recorded in 1970 (following A Brand New Me/From Dusty...With Love) and the intended Faithful album produced by Jeff Barry in 1971, which came to be Springfield's final recordings for the Atlantic label. The completed Faithful album was however left unreleased when its pilot singles "Haunted" and "I Believe in You" failed to perform. With the exception of a mono mix of the title track "I'll Be Faithful" all master tapes for this album were later destroyed in a fire – along with Springfield's unreleased recording of The Bee Gees' "To Love Somebody" from the follow-up sessions with Wexler – but Jeff Barry had kept reference copies of the intended final mixes and these were digitally remastered and first released as part of Rhino's Deluxe Edition of Dusty in Memphis in 1999.

Bonus tracks 1992 re-issue, Rhino Records US

  2. "What Do You Do When Love Dies" (without orchestral overdubs) (Mary Unobsky, Donna Weiss) – 2:43
    • Outtake from the Dusty in Memphis sessions. Recording date: September 1968. First release (with orchestral overdubs): US Atlantic single #2771 (B-side of "What Good Is I Love You?"), 12 January 1971. First UK release: album Dusty in Memphis Plus, 1980.
  3. "Willie & Laura Mae Jones" (Tony Joe White) – 2:45
    • From cancelled second album with Jerry Wexler. First release: US Atlantic single #2647 (A-side), 5 June 1969. First UK release: album See All Her Faces, 1972.
  4. "That Old Sweet Roll (Hi-De-Ho)" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) – 2:55
    • From cancelled second album with Jerry Wexler. First release: US Atlantic single #2647 (B-side of "Willie & Laura Mae Jones"). First UK release: album See All Her Faces, 1972.
  • Track 12: recorded at American Studio, Memphis. Dusty Springfield's final vocals recorded in New York. Producers: Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd & Arif Mardin.
  • Tracks 13 & 14: recorded at Groove Sound Studio, New York, May 1969. Producers: Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd & Arif Mardin.

Bonus tracks 1999 Deluxe Edition, Rhino Records US

  2. "What Do You Do When Love Dies" (without orchestral overdubs) (Mary Unobsky, Donna Weiss) – 2:42
  3. "Willie & Laura Mae Jones" (Tony Joe White) – 2:49
  4. "That Old Sweet Roll (Hi-De-Ho)" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) – 2:59
  5. "Cherished" (Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff) – 2:38
  6. "Goodbye" (Roland Chambers, Leonard Pakula) – 2:33
    • First UK release: compilation Classics And Collectables, 2007
  7. "Make It with You" (David Gates) – 3:12
    • First UK release: 4 CD boxed set Simply Dusty, 2000
  8. "Love Shine Down" (Neil Brian Goldberg, Gilbert Slavin [not credited]) – 2:22
    • First UK release: compilation Classics And Collectables, 2007
  9. "Live Here With You" (Gilbert Slavin, Michael F. Soles) – 2:44
    • First UK release: 4 CD boxed set Simply Dusty, 2000
  10. "Natchez Trace" (Neil Brian Goldberg, Gilbert Slavin) – 2:58
    • First UK release: compilation Classics And Collectables, 2007
  11. "All the King's Horses" (Neil Brian Goldberg, Joe Renzetti [not credited]) – 3:10
  12. "I'll Be Faithful" (Stereo) (Ned W. Albright, Michael F. Soles, Steven Soles) – 3:01
    • First release (mono): Rhino's 1992 re-issue of A Brand New Me. First UK release: compilation Classics And Collectables, 2007
  13. "Have a Good Life Baby" (Neil Brian Goldberg, Joe Renzetti [not credited]) – 3:09
  14. "You've Got a Friend" (Carole King) – 5:28
    • First UK release: 4 CD boxed set Simply Dusty, 2000
  15. "I Found My Way" a.k.a. "I Found My Way Through The Darkness" (Gilbert Slavin, Michael F. Soles) – 3:12
    • First UK release: compilation Classics And Collectables, 2007
  • Tracks 15–16: originally unissued. Recorded at Sigma Sound Studios, Philadelphia, February 1970. Producers: Gamble-Huff Productions. Arranged by Thom Bell.
  • Tracks 17–25: originally unissued. Recorded at Century Sound Studio, New York, January–June 1971. Producer: Jeff Barry.

Bonus tracks 2002 re-issue, Mercury Records UK

  2. "Son of a Preacher Man" (Hurley, Wilkins) – 2:29
  3. "Just a Little Lovin'" (Mann, Weil) – 2:18
  4. "Don't Forget About Me" (Goffin, King) – 2:50
  5. "Breakfast in Bed" (Fritts, Hinton) – 2:56
  6. "I Don't Want to Hear It Anymore" (Newman) – 3:10
  7. "The Windmills of Your Mind" (Bergman, Bergman, Legrand) – 3:52
  8. "In the Land of Make Believe" (Bacharach, David) – 2:31
  9. "So Much Love" (Goffin, King) – 3:32
  • All tracks: original mono mixes.

Personnel

Charts

Chart (1969) Peak
position
US Billboard 200[34] 99
New Musical Express 14

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[35] Gold 100,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

References

  1. ^ a b Agarwal et al. 2007, p. 160.
  2. ^ Christgau, Robert (October 1972). "The Christgau Consumer Guide". Creem. Retrieved 3 March 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
  3. ^ Christgau, Robert (1981). "A Basic Record Library: The Fifties and Sixties". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 0899190251. Retrieved 16 March 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
  4. ^ Anon. (n.d.). "GRAMMY Hall of Fame". GRAMMY.com. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  5. ^ a b "National Recording Registry Class Produces Ultimate 'Stay at Home' Playlist". Library of Congress – National Recording Registry. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  6. ^ "The Village People's YMCA is preserved for posterity". BBC News. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  7. ^ "Dusty in Memphis. The Rolling Stone magazine".
  8. ^ "Greil Marcus. Dusty in Memphis. The Rolling Stone magazine site". Archived from the original on 14 April 2009.
  9. ^ Chin, Brian (1999). The Best of Dusty Springfield (The Millennium Collection) (Inset). Dusty Springfield. USA: Mercury Records. 314,538,851-2.
  10. ^ a b Feldman, Jim (1992). Dusty in Memphis (Inset). Dusty Springfield. USA: Rhino Entertainment. R2 75580.
  11. ^ 89) Dusty in Memphis Rolling Stone site
  12. ^ Welch, Chris (1994) Led Zeppelin, London: Orion Books. ISBN 1-85797-930-3, p. 31.
  13. ^ Mick Wall (2005). "No Way Out": 83. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ a b Dusty in Memphis at AllMusic
  15. ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th ed.). Omnibus Press. p. 3074. ISBN 978-0857125958.
  16. ^ a b Scherman, Tony (12 March 1999). "Dusty in Memphis". Entertainment Weekly. New York. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  17. ^ "Dusty in Memphis". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  18. ^ Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel, eds. (1999). "Dusty Springfield". MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Farmington Hills: Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1-57859-061-2.
  19. ^ a b Q. London: 119. March 1995.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  20. ^ a b Marcus, Greil (4 January 1999). "Dusty In Memphis". Rolling Stone. New York. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  21. ^ Evans, Paul (2004). "Dusty Springfield". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. 770. ISBN 0743201698.
  22. ^ "Dusty Springfield - Dusty in Memphis User Opinions". Sputnikmusic. Scroll down to 4.5 superb Dr Dave De Sylvia STAFF. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  23. ^ Mendelsohn & Klinger 2012; Agarwal et al. 2007, p. 160.
  24. ^ Robinson, Peter (20 June 2004). "Dusty, In Memphis". The Observer. London. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  25. ^ Christgau, Robert (11 February 1973). "The Boys Won't Leave That Girl Alone". Newsday. New York. Retrieved 6 September 2015 – via robertchristgau.com.
  26. ^ "Dusty Springfield". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  27. ^ "Greatest Albums of All Time". NME. London: 29. 2 October 1993.
  28. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (2000). All Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd ed.). Virgin Books. p. 93. ISBN 0-7535-0493-6.
  29. ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. New York: 146. 11 December 2003.
  30. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rolling Stone's definitive list of the 500 greatest albums of all time". Rolling Stone. 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  31. ^ Eddy, Chuck (March 2010). "Essentials: Crossing racial borders, blue-eyed soul sets off sweet-sounding alarms". Spin. 26 (3). SpinMedia: 84. ISSN 0886-3032. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  32. ^ Phipps, Keith (29 March 2002). "Dusty Springfield: Dusty In Memphis". The A.V. Club. Chicago. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  33. ^ Mendelsohn & Klinger 2012.
  34. ^ "Dusty Springfield Chart History – Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  35. ^ id MUST BE PROVIDED for UK CERTIFICATION.

Bibliography

Further reading

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