Delaware's at-large congressional district

Delaware's at-large congressional district
Delaware's at-large congressional district
Representative	Lisa Blunt Rochester; D–Wilmington
Area	2,489 sq mi (6,450 km2)
Distribution	83.3% urban; 16.7% rural;
Population (2019)	973,764
Median household; income	$62,852
Ethnicity	68.8% White; 21.9% Black; 9.3% Hispanic; 4% Asian; 1.9% other;
Cook PVI	D+6

Delaware's at-large congressional district is a congressional district that includes the entire U.S. state of Delaware.

The district is currently represented by Lisa Blunt Rochester, a Democrat.

Election results from recent presidential races

Year	Office	Results
1992	President	B. Clinton 44–35%
1996	President	B. Clinton 52–37%
2000	President	Gore 55–42%
2004	President	Kerry 53–45%
2008	President	Obama 61–36%
2012	President	Obama 59–40%
2016	President	H. Clinton 53–42%
2020	President	Biden 58–39%

History

Delaware has always had only one member of the United States House of Representatives, except for a single decade from 1813 and 1823, when the state had two at-large members. The two seats were filled by a statewide ballot, with the two candidates receiving the highest votes being elected.

Mike Castle, a Republican and former Governor of Delaware, held this seat from January 1993 until his retirement in January 2011, after his unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination to run for U.S. Senator. Even as Delaware swung heavily Democratic at the state and national level, Castle was usually reelected without serious difficulty. Since his retirement, however, the Democrats have held it with no substantive opposition.

List of members representing the district

#	Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
1	John Vining	Pro-Administration	March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793	1st 2nd	Elected in 1789. Re-elected in 1790. Retired.
2	John Patten	Anti-Administration	March 4, 1793 – February 14, 1794	3rd	Elected in 1792. Lost election contest.
3	Henry Latimer	Pro-Administration	February 14, 1794 – February 7, 1795	3rd	Won election contest. Lost re-election.
4	John Patten	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1797	4th	Elected in 1794. Retired.
5	James A. Bayard	Federalist	March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1803	5th 6th 7th	Elected in 1796. Re-elected in 1798. Re-elected in 1800. Lost re-election.
6	Caesar A. Rodney	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1805	8th	Elected in 1802. Lost re-election.
Vacant			March 4, 1805 – October 1, 1805	9th	James A. Bayard was elected in 1804 but declined to serve, having also been elected U.S. senator.
7	James M. Broom	Federalist	October 1, 1805 – October 6, 1807	9th 10th	Elected October 1, 1805 to finish Bayard's term and seated December 2, 1805. Re-elected in 1806, but declined the seat.
8	Nicholas Van Dyke	Federalist	October 6, 1807 – March 3, 1811	10th 11th	Elected to finish Broom's term. Re-elected in 1808. Retired.
9	Henry M. Ridgely	Federalist	March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1815	12th 13th	Elected in 1810. Re-elected in 1812. Retired.
10	Thomas Clayton	Federalist	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817	14th	Elected in 1814. Lost re-election.
11	Louis McLane	Federalist^[a]	March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1825	15th 16th 17th 18th 19th	Elected in 1816. Re-elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1820. Re-elected in 1822. Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826 but declined to serve having been elected U.S. senator.
11	Louis McLane	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827	15th 16th 17th 18th 19th
Vacant			March 3, 1827 – October 2, 1827	20th
12	Kensey Johns Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	October 2, 1827 – March 3, 1831	20th 21st	Elected October 2, 1827 to finish McLane's term and seated December 3, 1827. Re-elected in 1828. Retired.
13	John J. Milligan	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1837	22nd 23rd 24th 25th	Elected in 1830. Re-elected in 1832. Re-elected in 1834. Re-elected in 1836. [data missing]
13	John J. Milligan	Whig	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839	22nd 23rd 24th 25th
14	Thomas Robinson Jr.	Democratic	March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841	26th	Elected in 1838. [data missing]
15	George B. Rodney	Whig	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1845	27th 28th	Elected in 1840. Re-elected in 1842. [data missing]
16	John W. Houston	Whig	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1851	29th 30th 31st	Elected in 1844. Re-elected in 1846. Re-elected in 1848. [data missing]
17	George R. Riddle	Democratic	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1855	32nd 33rd	Elected in 1850. Re-elected in 1852. [data missing]
18	Elisha D. Cullen	Know Nothing	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th	Elected in 1854. [data missing]
19	William G. Whiteley	Democratic	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1861	35th 36th	Elected in 1856. Re-elected in 1858. [data missing]
20	George P. Fisher	Unionist	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863	37th	Elected in 1860. [data missing]
21	William Temple	Democratic	March 4, 1863 – May 28, 1863	38th	Elected in 1862. Died.
Vacant			May 28, 1863 – December 7, 1863	38th
22	Nathaniel B. Smithers	Unconditional Unionist	December 7, 1863 – March 3, 1865	38th	Elected to finish Temple's term. Lost re-election.
23	John A. Nicholson	Democratic	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1869	39th 40th	Elected in 1864. Re-elected in 1866. [data missing]
24	Benjamin T. Biggs	Democratic	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873	41st 42nd	Elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. [data missing]
25	James R. Lofland	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	43rd	Elected in 1872. [data missing]
26	James Williams	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1879	44th 45th	Elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. [data missing]
27	Edward L. Martin	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1883	46th 47th	Elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. [data missing]
28	Charles B. Lore	Democratic	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887	48th 49th	Elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. [data missing]
29	John B. Penington	Democratic	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891	50th 51st	Elected in 1886. Re-elected in 1888. [data missing]
30	John W. Causey	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1895	52nd 53rd	Elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. [data missing]
31	Jonathan S. Willis	Republican	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897	54th	Elected in 1894. [data missing]
32	L. Irving Handy	Democratic	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899	55th	Elected in 1896. [data missing]
33	John H. Hoffecker	Republican	March 4, 1899 – June 16, 1900	56th	Elected in 1898. [data missing]
Vacant			June 16, 1900 – November 6, 1900
34	Walter O. Hoffecker	Republican	November 6, 1900 – March 3, 1901		Elected to finish his father's term. [data missing]
35	L. Heisler Ball	Republican	March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903	57th	Elected in 1900. [data missing]
36	Henry A. Houston	Democratic	March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905	58th	Elected in 1902. [data missing]
37	Hiram R. Burton	Republican	March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1909	59th 60th	Elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. [data missing]
38	William H. Heald	Republican	March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1913	61st 62nd	Elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. [data missing]
39	Franklin Brockson	Democratic	March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915	63rd	Elected in 1912. [data missing]
40	Thomas W. Miller	Republican	March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1917	64th	Elected in 1914. [data missing]
41	File:Ww polk 01.jpg Albert F. Polk	Democratic	March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1919	65th	Elected in 1916. [data missing]
42	Caleb R. Layton	Republican	March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1923	66th 67th	Elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. [data missing]
43	William H. Boyce	Democratic	March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1925	68th	Elected in 1922. [data missing]
44	Robert G. Houston	Republican	March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1933	69th 70th 71st 72nd	Elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. [data missing]
45	Wilbur L. Adams	Democratic	March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1935	73rd	Elected in 1932. [data missing]
46	J. George Stewart	Republican	January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1937	74th	Elected in 1934. [data missing]
47	William F. Allen	Democratic	January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1939	75th	Elected in 1936. [data missing]
48	George S. Williams	Republican	January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1941	76th	Elected in 1938. [data missing]
49	Philip A. Traynor	Democratic	January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943	77th	Elected in 1940. [data missing]
50	Earle D. Willey	Republican	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1945	78th	Elected in 1942. [data missing]
51	Philip A. Traynor	Democratic	January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1947	79th	Elected in 1944. [data missing]
52	J. Caleb Boggs	Republican	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1953	80th 81st 82nd	Elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Retired to run for Governor of Delaware.
53	Herbert Warburton	Republican	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955	83rd	Elected in 1952. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
54	Harris McDowell	Democratic	January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1957	84th	Elected in 1954. Lost re-election.
55	Harry G. Haskell Jr.	Republican	January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1959	85th	Elected in 1956. Lost re-election.
56	Harris McDowell	Democratic	January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1967	86th 87th 88th 89th	Elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Lost re-election.
57	William Roth	Republican	January 3, 1967 – December 31, 1970	90th 91st	Elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Retired to run for U.S. senator and resigned after the election.
Vacant			December 31, 1970 – January 3, 1971	91st
58	Pete du Pont	Republican	January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1977	92nd 93rd 94th	Elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Retired to run for Governor of Delaware.
59	Thomas B. Evans Jr.	Republican	January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1983	95th 96th 97th	Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Lost re-election.
60	Tom Carper	Democratic	January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1993	98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd	Elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Retired to run for Governor of Delaware.
61	Mike Castle	Republican	January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2011	103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th	Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
62	John Carney	Democratic	January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017	112th 113th 114th	Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Retired to run for Governor of Delaware.
63	Lisa Blunt Rochester	Democratic	January 3, 2017 – Present	115th 116th 117th 118th	Elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020.

Second at-large seat: 1813–1823

From 1813 to 1823, Delaware elected two members of the United States House of Representatives. Both were elected statewide at-large. Four men who held the second seat during that decade.

#	Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
1	Thomas Cooper	Federalist	March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1817	13th 14th	Elected in 1812. Re-elected in 1814. Lost re-election.
2	Willard Hall	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1817 – January 22, 1821	15th 16th	Elected in 1816. Re-elected in 1818. Lost re-election and resigned early.
Vacant			January 22, 1821 – March 3, 1821	16th
3	Caesar A. Rodney	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1821 – January 24, 1822	17th	Elected in 1820. Resigned when elected U.S. senator.
Vacant			January 24, 1822 – October 1, 1822
4	Daniel Rodney	Federalist	October 1, 1822 – March 3, 1823		Elected to finish his cousin's term. Retired.

Recent election results

1920

1920 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Caleb R. Layton (Incumbent)	52,145	56%
	Democratic	James R. Clements	40,206	43%
	Socialist	Robert A. Walker	1,063	.01%
	Independent	Howard T. Ennis	196	.02%
Total votes			93,609	100%
Turnout
	Republican hold

1922

1922 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William H. Boyce	39,126	54%
	Republican	Caleb R. Layton (Incumbent)	32,577	45%
	Independent	Frank A. Houck	908	.01%
Total votes			72,611	100%
Turnout
	Democratic gain from Republican

1924

1924 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Robert G. Houston	51,536	59%
	Democratic	William H. Boyce (incumbent)	35,943	41%
	Independent	Florence Garvin	519	0.05
Total votes			87,998	100%
Turnout
	Republican gain from Democratic

1926

1926 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Robert G. Houston (incumbent)	38,919	52%
	Democratic	Merrill H. Tilghman	35,943	48%
Total votes			74,862	100%
Turnout
	Republican hold

1928

1928 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Robert G. Houston (incumbent)	66,361	64%
	Democratic	John M. Richardson	38,045	36%
Total votes			104,406	100%
Turnout
	Republican hold

1930

1930 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Robert G. Houston (incumbent)	48,493	56%
	Democratic	John P. Le Fevre	38,391	44%
	Independent	Arnold Williams	127	0.01%
Total votes			87,011	100%
Turnout
	Republican hold

1932

1932 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Wilbur L. Adams	51,698	46%
	Republican	Reuben Satterthwaite, Jr.	48,841	44%
	Prohibition	Francis B. Short	10,560	9%
	Socialist	Edgar G. Shaeffer	887	0.08%
	Communist	Frank Rhoades	110	0.01%
Total votes			112,096	100%
Turnout
	Democratic gain from Republican

1934

1934 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	J. George Stewart	52,829	53%
	Democratic	John C. Hazzard	45,771	46%
	Socialist	William A. Mayor	404	0.4%
	Communist	Joseph P. Daniels	58	.006%
Total votes			99,062	100%
Turnout
	Republican gain from Democratic

1936

1936 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William F. Allen	65,485	52%
	Republican	J. George Stewart (incumbent)	55,664	44%
	Republican	James A. Ellison	5,338	4%
	Socialist	William A. Mayor	176	0.01%
Total votes			126,663	100%
Turnout
	Democratic gain from Republican

1938

1938 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George S. Williams	60,661	56%
	Democratic	William F. Allen (incumbent)	46,989	43%
	Republican	William J. Highfield	816	0.07%
	Progressive	Ralph L. Brown	105	0.01%
Total votes			108,571	100%
Turnout
	Republican gain from Democratic

1940

1940 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Philip A. Traynor	68,205	51%
	Republican	George S. Williams (incumbent)	64,384	48%
	Independent	Royden C. Caulk	816	0.06%
Total votes			133,405	100%
Turnout
	Democratic gain from Republican

1980

1980 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[4]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Tom Evans (incumbent)	133,842	62%
	Democratic	Robert Maxwell	81,227	37%
	Libertarian	Lawrence Sullivan	1,506	1%
Total votes			216,575	100%
	Republican hold

1982

1982 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas R. Carper	98,533	52%
	Republican	Tom Evans (incumbent)	87,153	46%
	American	Mary Gies	1,109	1%
	Libertarian	Richard Cohen	711	0.38%
	N/A	David Nuttall	558	0.30%
Total votes			188,064	100%
	Democratic gain from Republican

1984

1984 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas R. Carper (incumbent)	142,070	58%
	Republican	Elise du Pont	100,650	41%
	Libertarian	V. Luther Etzel	294	0.12%
Total votes			243,014	100%
	Democratic hold

1986

1986 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas R. Carper (incumbent)	106,351	66%
	Republican	Thomas Nueberger	53,767	33%
	American	Patrick Harrison	639	0.40%
Total votes			160,757	100%
	Democratic hold

1988

1988 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas R. Carper (incumbent)	158,338	68%
	Republican	James P. Krapf	76,179	32%
Total votes			234,517	100%
	Democratic hold

1990

1990 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas R. Carper (incumbent)	116,274	66%
	Republican	Ralph Williams	58,037	33%
	Libertarian	Richard Cohen	3,121	1%
	N/A	Write-ins	3	<0.01%
Total votes			177,435	100%
	Democratic hold

1992

1992 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Castle	153,037	55%
	Democratic	S. B. Woo	117,426	43%
	Libertarian	Peggy Schmitt	5,661	2%
Total votes			276,124	100%
	Republican gain from Democratic

1994

1994 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Castle (incumbent)	137,945	71%
	Democratic	Carol Ann DeSantis	51,793	27%
	Libertarian	Danny Ray Beaver	3,866	2%
	Independent Party	Donald M. Hockmuth	1,404	0.72%
Total votes			195,008	100%
	Republican hold

1996

1996 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Castle (incumbent)	185,577	70%
	Democratic	Dennis E. Williams	73,258	27%
	Libertarian	George A. Jurgensen	4,000	2%
	Constitution	Felicia B. Johnson	3,009	1%
	Natural Law	Bob Mattson	987	0.37%
Total votes			266,831	100%
	Republican hold

1998

1998 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Castle (incumbent)	119,811	66%
	Democratic	Micheal C. Miller	57,446	32%
	Constitution	James P. Webster	2,411	1%
	Natural Law	Kim Stanley Bemis	859	1%
	N/A	Write-ins	2	<0.01%
Total votes			180,529	100%
	Republican hold

2000

2000 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Castle (incumbent)	211,797	68%
	Democratic	Micheal C. Miller	96,488	31%
	Constitution	James P. Webster	2,490	0.5%
	Libertarian	Brad C. Thomas	2,351	0.5%
Total votes			313,126	100%
	Republican hold

2002

2002 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Castle (incumbent)	164,605	72%
	Democratic	Micheal C. Miller	61,011	27%
	Libertarian	Brad C. Thomas	2,789	1%
Total votes			228,405	100%
	Republican hold

2004

2004 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Castle (incumbent)	245,978	69%
	Democratic	Paul Donnelly	105,716	30%
	Independent Party	Maurice J. Barros (write-in)	2,337	0.5%
	Libertarian	William E. Morris	2,014	0.5%
Total votes			356,045	100%
	Republican hold

2006

2006 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Mike Castle (incumbent)	143,897	57%
	Democratic	Dennis Spivack	97,565	39%
	Independent Party	Karen M. Hartley-Nagle	5,769	2%
	Green	Michael Berg	4,463	2%
Total votes			251,694	100%
	Republican hold

2008

2008 Delaware's at-large congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Michael Castle (incumbent)	235,437	61%
	Democratic	Karen Hartley-Nagle	146,434	38%
	Libertarian	Mark Parks	3,586	1%
Total votes			385,457	100%
	Republican hold

2010

2010 Delaware's at-large congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Carney	173,543	57%
	Republican	Glen Urquhart	125,442	41%
	Independent Party	Earl R. Lofland	3,704	1%
	Libertarian	Brent Wangen	1,986	1%
	Independent	Jeffrey Brown	961	0.31%
Total votes			305,636	100%
Turnout
	Democratic gain from Republican

2012

2012 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Carney (incumbent)	249,905	64%
	Republican	Tom Kovach	129,749	33%
	Green	Bernard August	4,273	2%
	Libertarian	Scott Gesty	4,096	1%
Total votes			388,023	100%
	Democratic hold

2014

2014 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John Carney (incumbent)	137,251	59%
	Republican	Rose Izzo	85,146	37%
	Green	Bernard August	4,801	2%
	Libertarian	Scott Gesty	4,419	2%
Total votes			231,617	100%
	Democratic hold

2016

2016 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lisa Blunt Rochester	233,554	56%
	Republican	Hans Reigle	172,301	41%
	Green	Mark Andrew Perri	8,326	2%
	Libertarian	Scott Gesty	6,436	2%
Total votes			420,617	100%
	Democratic hold

2018

2018 Delaware's at-large congressional district election^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lisa Blunt Rochester (incumbent)	227,353	64.5%
	Republican	Scott Walker	125,384	35.5%
Turnout			352,737	46.1%
Total votes			352,737	100%
	Democratic hold

2020

2020 Delaware's at-large congressional district election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Lisa Blunt Rochester (incumbent)	281,382	57.6%
	Republican	Lee Murphy	196,392	40.2%
	Independent Party	Catherine S. Purcell	6,682	1.3%
	Libertarian	David L. Rogers	3,814	0.7%
Turnout
Total votes			488,270	100%
	Democratic hold

Notes

^ Supported the Crawford faction in the 1824 United States presidential election

References

Barone, Michael; Richard E. Cohen (2005). The Almanac of American Politics. Washington: National Journal Group. ISBN 0-89234-112-2.
Martin, Roger A. (1995). Memoirs of the Senate. Newark, DE: Roger A. Martin.

^ "Urban Rural Population United States in 2010 – Distribution". Statista. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
^ https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=10
^ "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on February 27, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 26, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "2000 ELECTION STATISTICS". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
^ "2002 ELECTION STATISTICS". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
^ "2004 ELECTION STATISTICS". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
^ "2006 Election Statistics". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on January 30, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
^ "State of Delaware Primary Election Official Results". State of Delaware. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "State of Delaware General Election (Official Results)". State of Delaware Election Commissioner. Archived from the original on November 26, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.

[4] Supported the Crawford faction in the 1824 United States presidential election

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[2] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=10

[Cook-3] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[5] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[6] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on February 27, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[8] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[9] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[10] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[11] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 26, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[12] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[13] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[14] Representatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives – 404". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[15] "2000 ELECTION STATISTICS". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2018.

[16] "2002 ELECTION STATISTICS". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved May 7, 2018.

[17] "2004 ELECTION STATISTICS". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2018.

[18] "2006 Election Statistics". clerk.house.gov. Archived from the original on January 30, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2018.

[19] "State of Delaware Primary Election Official Results". State of Delaware. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.

[election_results-20] "State of Delaware General Election (Official Results)". State of Delaware Election Commissioner. Archived from the original on November 26, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.

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