List of red dwarfs
 | This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Many sections need to be filled in or if too hard to fill in, delete the section header. (October 2018) |
Look up red dwarf in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Red dwarfs.
This is a list of exceptional red dwarf stars.
List of titleholding red dwarf stars
This is a list of red dwarfs that currently hold records.
List of red dwarf firsts
| Record Title | Star | Date | Data | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First discovered | Lacaille 8760 | 1753 | Originally listed in a 1763 catalog that was published posthumously by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. | [1] | |
| First discovered with planet(s) | Gliese 876 | 1998 | Gliese 876 b |
The Jovian planet was the first discovered around a red dwarf. |
[2][3] |
| First discovered with giant planet(s) | Gliese 876 | 1998 | Gliese 876 b | The giant planet was the first planet discovered around a red dwarf. | [2][3] |
| First discovered with terrestrial planet(s) | Kepler-42 (KOI-961) |
2012 | KOI-961 b KOI-961 c KOI-961 d |
3 terrestrial planets were discovered around KOI-961 in 2012, the first terrestrial planets found to orbit a red dwarf. | [4] |
List of red dwarf extremes
| Record Title | Star | Date | Data | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Least voluminous | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017 | r= 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | [5][6][7] | |
| Most voluminous | DH Tauri A | 1.23 R☉ | [8] | ||
| Least massive | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 2015 | 67.54±12.79 MJ | [9] | |
| Most massive | |||||
| Least distant | Proxima Centauri | 1917 | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) |
This is also known as Alpha Centauri C and is a member of the α Cen trinary system. It is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun. |
[10] |
| Most distant | UDF 2457 | 2010 | 59,000 ly
(18,000 pc) |
Sangeeta Malhotra. "As far as the Hubble can see" (PDF). Arizona State University. Retrieved 2010-10-28.</ref> | |
| Least luminous | 2MASS J0523-1403 | [9] | |||
| Most luminous | |||||
| Dimmest | |||||
| Brightest | Lacaille 8760 | V= 6.69 |
Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0. |
[11][12] | |
| Youngest | |||||
| Oldest |
List of named red dwarfs
This is a list of red dwarfs with names that are not systematically designated.
| Star | Naming | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proxima Centauri | Named for being the closest neighbouring star to Earth's Sun | Lies within the Alpha Centauri star system | [10] |
| Barnard's Star | Named after its discoverer, E. E. Barnard | Second closest neighbouring star system to Earth, after α Cen. Also the star with the highest proper motion. | [13] |
| van Biesbroeck's star | Named for its discoverer, George van Biesbroeck | Was once the least luminous, and, lowest mass, known star. | [14] |
| Kapteyn's star | Named for the astronomer who discovered it had gone missing, Jacobus Kapteyn | Was once the star with the highest proper motion, thus making it move away from its recorded position in the sky and go "missing". | [13] |
| Teegarden's Star | Named after the lead investigator astrophysicist who discovered it, Bonnard J. Teegarden, through a datacrunching search of archived data. |
List of nearest red dwarfs
| Star | Distance ly (pc) |
Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proxima Centauri | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) | Part of the α Cen trinary system, the closest neighbouring star system. It is also the nearest neighbouring star. | [10] |
| 2 | Barnard's Star | 5.95 ly (1.82 pc) | Second closest neighbouring star system | [15] |
| 3 | Wolf 359 | 7.86 ly (2.41 pc) | Also called CN Leonis | |
| 4 | Lalande 21185 | 8.3 ly (2.5 pc) | ||
| 5 | Luyten 726-8 | 8.7 ly (2.7 pc) | This is a binary star system with two red dwarfs | |
| 6 | Ross 154 | 9.68 ly (2.97 pc) | [citation needed] |
List of least voluminous red dwarfs
| Star | Radius Solar radii (Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii (Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 0.084 | 0.84 | 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. | [5][6][7] |
| 2 | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 0.086 | 0.86 | 60,000 km (37,000 mi) | [16][17][18] |
Timeline of smallest red dwarf recordholders
This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the smallest volume, and its succession over time.
| Star | Date | Radius Solar radii (Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii (Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017— | 0.084 | 0.84 | 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. | [5][6][7] |
| 2MASS J0523-1403 | 2013-2017 | 0.086 | 0.86 | 60,000 km (37,000 mi) | [16][17][18] | |
| OGLE-TR-122B | 2005-2013 | 0.120 | 1.16 | 81,100 km (50,400 mi) | [19][20][21] |
References
- ^ Croswell, Ken (July 2003), "The Brightest Red Dwarf", Sky & Telescope: 32, retrieved 2019-08-31.
- ^ a b Marietta DiChristina (September 1998). "Other Worlds". Popular Science. pp. 77–79.
- ^ a b "The closest extrasolar planet: A giant planet around the M4 dwarf Gl 876". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 338 (published October 1998): L67–L70. 4 August 1998. arXiv:astro-ph/9808026. Bibcode:1998A&A...338L..67D.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Deborah Williams-Hedges (13 January 2012). "Tiny planet triplets orbit dwarf star". Futurity.
- ^ a b c Eric Mack (11 July 2017). "Saturn-sized star is the smallest ever discovered". cnet.
- ^ a b c "Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers". University of Cambridge. 2017.
- ^ a b c "The EBLM project; III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604 (6): L6. 12 June 2017. arXiv:1706.08781. Bibcode:2017A&A...604L...6V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. S2CID 54610182. EBLM_III.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Gaia Collaboration; Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; Babusiaux, C.; Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ a b Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gordon, Mollie M. Van; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 89611607.
- ^ a b c I.S. Glass (2007). "The Discovery of the Nearest Star". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa. 66 (11 and 12) (published December 2007): 244–262. Bibcode:2007MNSSA..66..244G.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Ken Croswell (July 2002). "The Brightest Red Dwarf". Sky and Telescope. p. 38.
- ^ David Tytell (2013). "Lalande 21185: The Brightest Red Dwarf for the Rest of Us" (PDF).
{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires|magazine=(help) - ^ a b Liz Kruesi (28 November 2005). "The discoverers of Kapteyn's Star". Astronomy Magazine (published January 2006).
{{cite magazine}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Peter van de Kamp (April 1953). "Stars Nearer than Five Parsecs". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 65 (383): 73–77. Bibcode:1953PASP...65...73V. doi:10.1086/126538.
- ^ "Barnard's star | Distance, Facts, & Planet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ^ a b Garmany, Katy. "NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
- ^ a b John Bochanski (23 December 2013). "New Cutoff for Star Sizes". Sky and Telescope.
- ^ a b Sergio B. Dieterich; Todd J. Henry; Wei-Chun Jao; Jennifer G. Winters; Altonio D. Hosey; Adric R. Riedel; John P. Subasavage (May 2014). "The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 25. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. S2CID 21036959. 94.
- ^ Robert Roy Britt (3 March 2005). "Newfound Star Smaller than Some Planets". Space.com.
- ^ Jonathan O'Callaghan; Josh Barker (National Space Centre) (22 March 2013). "What is the smallest star?". SpaceAnswers.com.
- ^ Pont, F.; Melo, C. H. F.; Bouchy, F.; Udry, S.; Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C. (27 January 2005). "A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433 (2) (published April 2005): L21–L24. arXiv:astro-ph/0501611. Bibcode:2005A&A...433L..21P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500025. S2CID 14799999.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help)