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Ágnes Keleti

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The native form of this personal name is Keleti Ágnes. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Ágnes Keleti
Keleti in 2021
Personal information
Alternative name(s)Ágnes Klein
Nickname(s)Aggi[1]
Born (1921-01-09) 9 January 1921 (age 103)
Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
Gymnastics career
DisciplineWomen's artistic gymnastics
Country represented Hungary
Years on national team1937–1940, 1946–1958 (HUN)
LevelSenior international
ClubNemzeti TE
Bp. Postás
TF Haladás
Újpesti TE
Retired1958
Medal record
Women's gymnastics
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1952 Helsinki Floor exercise
Gold medal – first place 1956 Melbourne Uneven bars
Gold medal – first place 1956 Melbourne Balance beam
Gold medal – first place 1956 Melbourne Floor exercise
Gold medal – first place 1956 Melbourne Team, portable
Silver medal – second place 1952 Helsinki Team
Silver medal – second place 1956 Melbourne All-around
Silver medal – second place 1956 Melbourne Team
Bronze medal – third place 1952 Helsinki Uneven bars
Bronze medal – third place 1952 Helsinki Team, portable
World Championships
Gold medal – first place 1954 Rome Uneven bars
Silver medal – second place 1954 Rome Team
Bronze medal – third place 1954 Rome Balance beam
SpouseRóbert Bíró
Children2

Ágnes Keleti (née Klein; born 9 January 1921) is a Hungarian retired Olympic and world champion artistic gymnast and coach. She is the oldest living Olympic champion and medallist, reaching her 100th birthday on 9 January 2021.[2][3] While representing Hungary at the Summer Olympics, she won 10 Olympic medals including five gold medals, three silver medals, and two bronze medals, and is considered to be one of the most successful Jewish Olympic athletes of all time.[4] Keleti holds more Olympic medals than any other individual with Israeli citizenship, and more Olympic medals than any other Jew, except Mark Spitz.[5][6] She was the most successful athlete at the 1956 Summer Olympics. In 1957, Keleti immigrated to Israel, where she lived before returning to Hungary in 2015.[7][3]

Career

Keleti is Jewish,[8] and was born in Budapest, Hungary. She began gymnastics at the age of 4, and by 16 was the Hungarian National Champion in gymnastics. Over the course of her career, between 1937 and 1956, she won the Championships title ten times.[6][9][10]

Keleti was considered a top prospect for the Hungarian team at the 1940 Olympics, but the escalation of World War II cancelled both the 1940 and the 1944 Games. She was expelled from her gymnastics club in 1941 for being a non-Aryan.[11] Keleti was forced to go into hiding to survive the war. Because she had heard a rumour married women were not taken to labour camps, she hastily married István Sárkány in 1944.[1] Sárkány was a Hungarian gymnast of the 1930s who achieved national titles and took part in the 1936 Berlin Olympics. They divorced in 1950. Keleti survived the war by purchasing and using an identity paper of a Christian girl and working as a maid in a small village. Her mother and sister went into hiding and were saved using Swiss protection papers issued by diplomat Carl Lutz and possibly also by Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. Her father and other relatives were murdered by the Nazis by gassing in the Auschwitz concentration camp.[5][6][9][10][12][11] She managed to survive the Holocaust by hiding in the Hungarian countryside.[13] In the winter of 1944–45, during the Siege of Budapest by Soviet forces near the end of World War II, Keleti would in the morning collect bodies of those who had died and place them in a mass grave.[1]

After the war, Keleti played the cello professionally and resumed training.[12] In 1946, she won her first Hungarian championship.[12] In 1947, she won the Central European gymnastics title.[14] She qualified for the 1948 Summer Olympics, but missed the competition due to tearing a ligament in her ankle.[11] She is listed on the Official List of Gymnastic Participants as Ágnes Sárkány. At the World University Games of 1949 she won four gold, one silver, and one bronze medal.[15]

Keleti continued training and competed at the Olympics for the first time at the age of 31 at the 1952 Games in Helsinki. She earned four medals: gold in the floor exercise, silver in the team competition, and bronze in the team portable apparatus event and the uneven bars. Keleti continued on to the 1954 World Championships, where she won on the uneven bars, becoming world champion.[5][9][12] At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Keleti won six medals including gold medals in three of the four individual event finals: floor, bars, and balance beam, and placed second in the all-around.[12] She was the most successful athlete at these games.[16] The Hungarian team placed first in the portable apparatus event and second in the team competition. At the age of 35, Keleti became the oldest female gymnast ever to win gold. The Soviet Union invaded Hungary during the 1956 Olympics. Keleti, along with 44 other athletes from the Hungarian delegation, decided to remain in Australia and received political asylum.[2] She became a coach for Australian gymnasts.[16]

Keleti emigrated to Israel in 1957, competing in the 1957 Maccabiah Games, and she was able to send for her mother and sister.[5][6][9][10][17] In 1959, she married Hungarian physical education teacher Robert Biro whom she met in Israel, and they had two sons, Daniel and Rafael.[18][1] Following her retirement from competition, Keleti worked as a physical education instructor at Tel Aviv University, and for 34 years at the Wingate Institute for Sports in Netanya.[1]

Ágnes Keleti training a student at the Wingate Institute in Israel on 12 May 1960[19]

She also coached and worked with Israel's national gymnastics team well into the 1990s.[2][5][10] Since 2015, she has lived in Budapest.[3]

Keleti has been the oldest Hungarian Olympic champion since Sándor Tarics died on 21 May 2016.[20][21] She became the oldest living Olympic champion when Lydia Wideman died on 13 April 2019.[22] She celebrated her 100th birthday in January 2021.[2] She became the longest-lived Olympic champion ever on 7 August 2023, breaking the record previously held by Tarics.[23]

Awards and honours

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Kordova, Shoshana (4 July 2005). "Not always a soft landing". Haaretz. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Spike, Justin (9 January 2021). "'I love life': Oldest living Olympic champion turns 100". CBC Sports. The Associated Press. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  3. ^ a b c "Oldest living Olympic champion Agnes Keleti to turn 100". France 24. 2020-12-24. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  4. ^ "Heroes - Trailblazers of the Jewish People". Beit Hatfutsot.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Agnes Keleti" International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
  6. ^ a b c d e "Agnes Keleti profile" Jews in Sports
  7. ^ Heller, Aaron (August 14, 2012). "10-medal Olympian quietly living her golden years in Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
  8. ^ Taylor, P. (2004). Jews and the Olympic Games: The Clash Between Sport and Politics : with a Complete Review of Jewish Olympic Medallists. Sussex Academic Press. p. 196. ISBN 9781903900888. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d "Whatever Happened to Agnes Keleti?" Archived 2012-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Gymnastic Greats, December 22, 1999
  10. ^ a b c d e "Agnes Keleti, Honoree" International Gymnastics Hall of Fame, 2002
  11. ^ a b c Nike is a Goddess: The History of Women in Sports - Google Books
  12. ^ a b c d e Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement - Bill Mallon, Jeroen Heijmans - Google Books
  13. ^ "10 Jews that have Reached the Highest Achievements in Sports". Beit Hatfutsot. 2017-06-27. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  14. ^ XVI Olympiad: Melbourne/Stockholm 1956, Squaw Valley 1960 - Carl Posey - Google Books
  15. ^ Bitton-Jackson, Livia (22 July 2012). "Agnes Keleti: The Foundation Stone Of Gymnastics In Israel". The Jewish Press. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  16. ^ a b Ingle, Sean (2021-01-11). "Agnes Keleti: Olympic great who fled Nazis and Soviets smashes 100 barrier". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  17. ^ Arbesfeld, Atara (15 August 2012). "One of World's Most Decorated Olympic Gymnasts Lives In Israel, Still Does Her Splits". The Algemeiner. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  18. ^ Yiddishe Mamas: The Truth About the Jewish Mother - Marnie Winston-Macauley - Internet Archive
  19. ^ Source Israel National Photo Collection via Wikimedia Commons
  20. ^ "Ezt tényleg nem hisszük el: remek formában van a 96 éves Keleti Ágnes" (in Hungarian). szeretlekmagyarorszag.hu. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  21. ^ "Elhunyt Tarics Sándor, a legidősebb olimpiai bajnok - Népszava" (in Hungarian). NÉPSZAVA online. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  22. ^ Piilonen, Teijo (13 April 2019). "Maailman vanhimman olympiavoittajan traaginen historia: natsit veivät isän Auschwitziin". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  23. ^ "Keleti Ágnes a mindenkori legidősebb olimpiai bajnok!". Nemzeti Sport (in Hungarian). 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  24. ^ Day by Day in Jewish Sports History - Bob Wechsler - Google Books
  25. ^ Gorondi, Pablo (9 January 2020). "Oldest living Olympic champ, a Holocaust survivor, turns 99". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2020-01-12.
  26. ^ "265594 Keletiagnes (2005 RS3)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  27. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  28. ^ "Holocaust survivor, 10-time Olympic medallist Agnes Keleti awarded Israel Prize". i24 News. February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
Records
Preceded by Most career Olympic medals by a woman
1956–1964 		Succeeded by
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