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Demographics of British Columbia

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See also: Demographics of Canada
Canada British Columbia Density 2016

British Columbia is a Canadian province with a population of about 5.6 million people. The province represents about 13.2% of the population of the Canadian population. Most of the population is between the ages of 15 and 49. About 60 percent of British Columbians have European descent with significant Asian and Aboriginal minorities. Just under 30% of British Columbians are immigrants. Over half of the population is irreligious, with Christianity and Sikhism being the most followed religions.

Vital statistics

2020[1]

Birth rate: 8.3 births per 1,000 (2021) (Canadian average = 9.9)[2]

Death rate: 8.3 deaths per 1,000 (2021)[2] (Canadian average = 8.3)

Infant mortality rate: 4.0 deaths per 1,000 live births[3]

Life expectancy at birth: 82.4 years

Total fertility rate: 1.17 children born per woman (Canadian average = 1.40)

Age structure

  Males Females
Age group Number Percent Number Percent
0–4 111,015 2.22% 105,805 2.12%
5–9 125,810 2.52% 118,485 2.37%
10–14 132,425 2.65% 123,365 2.47%
15–19 131,245 2.62% 122,445 2.45%
20–24 151,505 3.03% 143,145 2.86%
25–29 170,500 3.41% 166,585 3.33%
30–34 178,925 3.58% 179,660 3.59%
35–39 175,175 3.5% 178,175 3.56%
40–44 156,480 3.13% 163,260 3.26%
45–49 149,520 2.99% 160,515 3.21%
50–54 158,540 3.17% 170,460 3.41%
55–59 172,520 3.45% 183,825 3.68%
60–64 170,210 3.40% 184,920 3.7%
65–69 152,705 3.05% 166,700 3.33%
70–74 130,370 2.61% 141,995 2.84%
75–79 86,060 1.72% 95,015 1.9%
80–84 55,285 1.11% 65,780 1.32%
85-89 32,315 0.65% 42,005 0.84%
90-94 13,715 0.27% 23,120 0.46%
95-99 2,865 0.06% 6,925 0.14%
100+ 330 <0.01% 1,185 0.02%
Totals 2,457,515 49.14% 2,543,365 50.86%
Source: 2021 Census of Population[4]

Population history

Year Population Five year
 % change 		Ten year
 % change 		Rank among
provinces
1851 55,000 n/a n/a n/a
1861 51,524 n/a −6.3 n/a
1871 36,247 n/a −29.7 7
1881 49,459 n/a 36.4 8
1891 98,173 n/a 98.5 8
1901 178,657 n/a 82.0 6
1911 392,480 n/a 119.7 6
1921 524,582 n/a 33.7 6
1931 694,263 n/a 32.3 6
1941 817,861 n/a 17.8 4
1951 1,165,210 n/a 42.5 3
1956 1,398,464 20.0 n/a 3
1961 1,629,082 16.5 39.8 3
1966 1,873,674 15.0 34.0 3
1971 2,184,620 16.6 34.1 3
1976 2,466,610 12.9 31.6 3
1981 2,744,467 11.3 25.6 3
1986 2,883,370 5.1 16.9 3
1991 3,282,061 13.8 19.6 3
1996 3,724,500 13.5 29.2 3
2001 3,907,738 4.9 19.1 3
2006 4,113,487 5.4 10.4 3
2011 4,400,057 7.0 12.6 3
2016 4,648,055 5.6 13.0 3
2021 5,000,879 7.6 13.7 3
Source: Statistics Canada[5]

Ethnic origins

Part of a series on
Ethnicity in British Columbia

First-generation immigrants from the British Isles remain a strong component of local society despite limitations on immigration from Britain since the ending of special status for British subjects in the 1960s. Also present in large numbers relative to other cities in Canada (except Toronto), and also present in BC ever since the province was first settled (unlike Toronto), are many European ethnicities of the first and second generation, notably Germans, Ukrainians, Scandinavians, Yugoslavs and Italians; third-generation Europeans are generally of mixed lineage, and traditionally intermarried with other ethnic groups more than in any other Canadian province.

In recent decades, the proportion of those of Chinese and Indian ethnicity has risen sharply, though still outnumbered by the historically strong population of those of German ancestry. Visible minorities have become an important factor in ethnic-based politics, though most visible minorities are less numerous than the long-standing non-British European ethnicities making up BC's "invisible minorities".

Note: The following statistics represent both single (e.g., "German") and multiple (e.g., "part Chinese, part English") responses to the 2006 and 2016 Census, and thus add up to more than 100%.

Ethnic groups in British Columbia (2006–2016)
Ethnic group 2016[6] 2006[7]
Pop. % Pop. %
English 1,203,540 26.39% 1,207,245 29.63%
Canadian 866,530 19% 720,200 17.67%
Scottish 860,775 18.88% 828,145 20.32%
Irish 675,135 14.80% 618,120 15.17%
German 603,265 13.23% 561,570 13.78%
Chinese 540,155 11.84% 432,435 10.60%
French 388,815 8.53% 361,215 8.86%
Indian 309,315 6.78% 232,370 5.70%
Ukrainian 229,205 5.03% 197,265 4.84%
Indigenous peoples of North America 220,245 4.83% 193,060 4.74%
Dutch (Netherlands) 213,670 4.69% 196,420 4.82%
Italian 166,095 3.64% 143,155 3.51%
Polish 149,635 3.28% 128,360 3.15%
Norwegian 138,430 3.04% 129,420 3.18%
Russian 131,060 2.87% 114,105 2.80%
Welsh 113,905 2.5% 104,275 2.56%
Swedish 110,030 2.41% 104,025 2.55%
Filipino 158,215 3.47% 94,255 2.3%
Métis 90,515 1.98% 62,570 1.5%
American (USA) 78,170 1.71% 66,765 1.6%
Spanish 64,470 1.41% 52,640 1.3%
Korean 63,300 1.39% 51,860 1.3%
Danish 58,205 1.28% 56,125 1.4%
Hungarian (Magyar) 56,535 1.24% 49,870 1.2%
Japanese 51,150 1.12% 41,585 1.0%
Austrian 48,510 1.06% 46,620 1.1%
Iranian 47,985 1.05% 29,265 0.7%
Portuguese 41,770 0.92% 34,660 0.9%
Vietnamese 41,435 0.91% 30,835 0.8%
Punjabi 38,725 0.85% 18,525 0.5%
Finnish 34,150 0.75% 29,875 0.7%
Swiss 31,390 0.69% 28,240 0.7%
Romanian 31,250 0.69% 25,670 0.6%
Icelandic 26,410 0.58% 22,110 0.5%
Greek 24,460 0.54% 21,770 0.5%
Croatian 23,845 0.52% 18,815 0.5%
Czech 23,375 0.51% 21,150 0.5%
Belgian 19,980 0.44% 17,510 0.4%
Jewish 17,580 0.39% 30,830 0.8%

Projections

Pan−ethnic origin projections (2031–2041)
2031[8][9] 2036[8][9] 2041[8][9]
Population % Population % Population %
European[10]
 3,145,000 51.46% 3,112,000 48.23% 3,060,000 45.37%
East Asian
 977,000 15.99% 1,072,000 16.61% 1,160,000 17.2%
Chinese
 789,000 12.91% 861,000 13.34% 927,000 13.75%
Korean
 125,000 2.05% 143,000 2.22% 161,000 2.39%
Japanese
 63,000 1.03% 68,000 1.05% 72,000 1.07%
South Asian
 748,000 12.24% 860,000 13.33% 958,000 14.21%
Indigenous
 399,000 6.53% 429,000 6.65% 456,000 6.76%
First Nations
 246,000 4.03% 262,000 4.06% 278,000 4.12%
Metis
 142,000 2.32% 155,000 2.4% 166,000 2.46%
Inuit
 2,000 0.03% 2,000 0.03% 3,000 0.04%
Other
Indigenous
 9,000 0.15% 10,000 0.15% 10,000 0.15%
Southeast Asian
 366,000 5.99% 421,000 6.52% 475,000 7.04%
Filipino
 277,000 4.53% 323,000 5.01% 369,000 5.47%
Other
Southeast Asian
 89,000 1.46% 98,000 1.52% 106,000 1.57%
Middle Eastern
 169,000 2.77% 199,000 3.08% 227,000 3.37%
Arab
 55,000 0.9% 65,000 1.01% 74,000 1.1%
West Asian
 114,000 1.87% 134,000 2.08% 153,000 2.27%
Latin American
 108,000 1.77% 124,000 1.92% 139,000 2.06%
African
 101,000 1.65% 118,000 1.83% 134,000 1.99%
Other
 99,000 1.62% 117,000 1.81% 135,000 2%
Projected British Columbia population 6,111,000 100% 6,453,000 100% 6,744,000 100%

Indo-Canadians

Main article: Indo-Canadians in British Columbia

Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples

Note: Statistics Canada defines visible minorities as defined in the Employment Equity Act which defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour".

Population of British Columbia by visible minority and indigenous identity (2021):[11]

  European Canadian (59.7%)
  Visible minority (34.4%)
  Indigenous (5.9%)
Visible minority and Indigenous population (2021 Canadian census)[12]
Population group Population %
European[a] 2,936,245 59.7%
Visible minority group
 South Asian 473,965 9.6%
Chinese 550,590 11.2%
Black 61,760 1.3%
Filipino 174,280 3.5%
Arab 28,010 0.6%
Latin American 65,970 1.3%
Southeast Asian 71,785 1.5%
West Asian 69,270 1.4%
Korean 72,815 1.5%
Japanese 44,120 0.9%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 18,080 0.4%
Multiple visible minorities 58,840 1.2%
Total visible minority population 1,689,490 34.4%
Indigenous group
 First Nations (North American Indian) 180,085 3.7%
Métis 97,860 2.0%
Inuk (Inuit) 1,720 0.0%
Multiple Indigenous responses 5,980 0.1%
Indigenous responses n.i.e. 4,560 0.1%
Total Indigenous population 290,210 5.9%
Total population 4,915,945 100.0%

Languages

Knowledge of languages

Knowledge of official languages of Canada in British Columbia (2016)
Language Percent
English only
 
 89.77%
French only
 
 0.04%
English and French
 
 6.85%
Neither English nor French
 
 3.35%

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census and the 2016 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least one per cent of respondents.

Knowledge of languages in British Columbia
Language 2021[13] 2016
Pop. % Pop. %
English 4,753,280 96.69% 4,560,235 96.60%
French 327,350 6.66% 314,225 6.89%
Punjabi 315,000 6.41% 244,485 5.36%
Mandarin 312,625 6.36% 265,635 5.83%
Cantonese 246,045 5.01% 234,445 5.14%
Spanish 143,900 2.93% 115,115 2.52%
Hindi 134,950 2.75% 81,330 1.78%
Tagalog 133,780 2.72% 113,265 2.48%
German 84,325 1.72% 95,005 2.08%
Korean 69,935 1.42% 57,490 1.26%
Iranian Persian[b] 61,525 1.25% 49,835 1.09%

Mother tongue

Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses. Numerous other languages were also counted, but only languages with more than 2,000 native speakers are shown.

Language 2016 Census % 2006 Census %
English 3,170,110 70.5% 2,875,770 71.5%
Punjabi 198,805 4.4% 158,750 3.9%
Cantonese 193,530 4.3% 131,245 3.3%
Mandarin 186,325 4.1% 72,160 1.8%
Tagalog (Filipino) 78,770 1.8% 50,425 1.3%
German 66,885 1.5% 86,690 2.2%
French 55,325 1.2% 54,745 1.4%
Korean 52,160 1.2% 46,500 1.2%
Spanish 47,010 1.0% 34,075 0.9%
Persian 43,470 1.0% 28,150 0.7%
Vietnamese 27,150 0.6% 24,560 0.7%
Hindi 26,720 0.6% 23,240 0.6%
Russian 25,955 0.6% 19,320 0.5%
Italian 22,680 0.5% 27,020 0.7%
Japanese 21,350 0.5% 20,040 0.5%
Dutch 21,020 0.5% 26,355 0.7%
Arabic 17,480 0.4% 8,440 0.2%
Portuguese 17,450 0.4% 14,385 0.4%
Polish 16,910 0.4% 17,565 0.4%
Chinese, n.o.s. 10,050 0.2% 132,755 3.2%
Urdu 9,885 0.2% 7,025 0.2%
Hungarian 9,025 0.2% 10,670 0.3%
Romanian 8,730 0.2% 6,335 0.2%
Ukrainian 8,630 0.2% 12,285 0.3%
Croatian 7,475 0.2% 8,505 0.2%
Serbian 7,045 0.2% 6,180 0.2%
Gujarati 6,895 0.2% 6,565 0.2%
Greek 6,115 0.1% 6,620 0.2%
Czech 5,920 0.1% 6,000 0.1%
Ilocano 5,240 0.1% 3,100 0.1%
Danish 4,665 0.1% 6,720 0.2%
Malay 3,895 0.1% 3,100 0.1%
Finnish 3,760 0.1% 4,770 0.1%
Tamil 3,615 0.1% 3,200 0.1%
Slovak 3,400 0.1% 3,490 0.1%
Turkish 3,145 0.1% 2,255 0.1%
Swedish 2,520 0.1% 2,875 0.1%
Athabaskan languages 2,310 0.1% 3,500 0.1%
Salish languages 2,270 0.1% 3,190 0.1%
Norwegian 2,005 0.1% 3,275 0.1%
Source: Statistics Canada 2006 & 2016 Census[14][15]

Religion

Religion in British Columbia (2021)[16]

  Irreligious (52.2%)
  Christian (34.4%)
  Sikh (5.9%)
  Muslim (2.6%)
  Buddhist (1.7%)
  Hindu (1.7%)
  Jewish (0.5%)
  Other (1.0%)

The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the 2021 census were Irreligion (atheist, agnostic, and so on.) with 2,559,250 (52.2%); Christianity with 1,684,870 (34.4%); Sikhism with 290,870 (5.9%); Islam with 125,915 (2.6%); Buddhism with 83,860 (1.7%); and Hinduism with 81,320 (1.7%).

Religious groups in British Columbia (1981–2021)
Religious group 2021[17] 2011[18] 2001[19] 1991[20] 1981[21]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Irreligion 2,559,250 52.06% 1,908,285 44.13% 1,388,300 35.88% 987,990 30.42% 568,170 20.94%
Christianity 1,684,870 34.27% 1,930,415 44.64% 2,124,605 54.92% 2,073,095 63.84% 2,048,000 75.47%
Sikhism 290,870 5.92% 201,110 4.65% 135,310 3.5% 74,545 2.3% 40,940 1.51%
Islam 125,915 2.56% 79,310 1.83% 56,220 1.45% 24,925 0.77% 12,715 0.47%
Buddhism 83,860 1.71% 90,620 2.1% 85,540 2.21% 36,430 1.12% 11,190 0.41%
Hinduism 81,320 1.65% 45,795 1.06% 31,495 0.81% 18,140 0.56% 8,980 0.33%
Judaism 26,850 0.55% 23,130 0.53% 21,230 0.55% 16,565 0.51% 14,685 0.54%
Indigenous spirituality 11,570 0.24% 10,295 0.24% — — — — — —
Other 51,440 1.05% 35,500 0.82% 26,180 0.68% 15,825 0.49% 5,940 0.22%
Total responses 4,915,945 98.3% 4,324,455 98.28% 3,868,875 99.01% 3,247,505 98.95% 2,713,615 98.88%
Total population 5,000,879 100% 4,400,057 100% 3,907,738 100% 3,282,061 100% 2,744,467 100%

Migration

Immigration

British Columbia immigration[22]: 239 [23]: 108 
Year Immigrant percentage Immigrant population Total population
1881 27.8% 13,751 49,459
1891 42% 41,210 98,173
1901 44.2% 79,045 178,657
1911 59.4% 233,158 392,480
1921 49.7% 260,536 524,582
1931 46% 319,529 694,263
1941 37.3% 304,729 817,861
1951 29.1% 339,197 1,165,210
1961 26% 423,132 1,629,082
1971 22.7% 496,660 2,184,620

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 1,425,715 persons or 29.0 percent of the total population of British Columbia.[4]

Immigrants in British Columbia by country of birth
Country of birth 2021[24][4] 2016[25] 2011[26][27] 2006[28][29] 2001[30][31] 1921[32]: 314–315 
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
China 217,975 15.3% 199,990 15.5% 167,530 14.1% 145,315 13% 107,450 10.6% 21,523 8.3%
India 197,115 13.8% 162,645 12.6% 143,340 12% 119,265 10.7% 92,430 9.2% 1,841 0.7%
Philippines 131,645 9.2% 112,100 8.7% 96,560 8.1% 69,200 6.2% 51,130 5.1% — —
United Kingdom 116,530 8.2% 123,810 9.6% 130,730 11% 137,460 12.3% 141,370 14% 142,968 54.9%
Hong Kong 78,855 5.5% 74,210 5.7% 74,635 6.3% 78,060 7% 88,720 8.8% — —
United States 59,920 4.2% 57,780 4.5% 57,975 4.9% 56,560 5.1% 54,410 5.4% 34,926 13.4%
South Korea 47,520 3.3% 41,515 3.2% 37,730 3.2% 34,395 3.1% 22,635 2.2% — —
Iran 45,975 3.2% 37,160 2.9% 30,050 2.5% 22,755 2% 18,450 1.8% — —
Taiwan 40,445 2.8% 38,900 3% 42,045 3.5% 42,195 3.8% 44,940 4.5% — —
Vietnam 32,390 2.3% 27,875 2.2% 25,845 2.2% 26,375 2.4% 25,675 2.5% — —
Germany 30,910 2.2% 35,050 2.7% 35,100 2.9% 40,695 3.6% 41,260 4.1% 2,952[c] 1.1%
Netherlands 16,070 1.1% 18,225 1.4% 20,645 1.7% 23,130 2.1% 24,055 2.4% 515 0.2%
South Africa 15,380 1.1% 13,380 1% 12,815 1.1% 12,090 1.1% 11,015 1.1% 573 0.2%
Japan 14,940 1% 13,360 1% 12,355 1% 10,945 1% 9,090 0.9% 10,934 4.2%
Poland 14,305 1% 15,115 1.2% 14,620 1.2% 16,165 1.4% 17,090 1.7% 874 0.3%
Italy 13,410 0.9% 15,405 1.2% 15,980 1.3% 19,215 1.7% 20,200 2% 4,847 1.9%
Mexico 13,385 0.9% 10,375 0.8% 8,775 0.7% 6,385 0.6% 5,135 0.5% — —
Pakistan 13,345 0.9% 10,665 0.8% 8,570 0.7% 8,195 0.7% 5,475 0.5% — —
Russia 12,170 0.9% 10,915 0.8% 8,795 0.7% 8,375 0.7% 6,285 0.6% 4,354 1.7%
Ukraine 9,450 0.7% 7,505 0.6% 7,060 0.6% 6,565 0.6% 5,605 0.6% 6,157[d] 2.4%
Romania 9,370 0.7% 9,000 0.7% 8,005 0.7% 7,360 0.7% 6,135 0.6% 306 0.1%
Malaysia 8,845 0.6% 8,435 0.7% 8,310 0.7% 8,290 0.7% 7,695 0.8% — —
Brazil 8,765 0.6% 3,800 0.3% 2,875 0.2% 2,055 0.2% 1,640 0.2% — —
Portugal 7,785 0.5% 8,215 0.6% 8,135 0.7% 9,365 0.8% 9,980 1% — —
Ireland 7,360 0.5% 5,885 0.5% 5,175 0.4% 4,195 0.4% 4,715 0.5% 10,823 4.2%
France 7,025 0.5% 5,705 0.4% 5,340 0.4% 4,760 0.4% 4,445 0.4% 1,389 0.5%
Iraq 7,000 0.5% 5,550 0.4% 3,430 0.3% 2,230 0.2% 1,540 0.2% — —
Syria 6,540 0.5% 2,845 0.2% 725 0.1% 585 0.1% 385 0% 107[e] 0%
Afghanistan 6,250 0.4% 5,040 0.4% 3,520 0.3% 3,615 0.3% 2,275 0.2% — —
El Salvador 5,775 0.4% 5,425 0.4% 5,635 0.5% 4,990 0.4% 5,100 0.5% — —
Total immigrants 1,425,715 29% 1,292,675 28.3% 1,191,875 27.6% 1,119,215 27.5% 1,009,815 26.1% 260,536 49.7%
Total responses 4,915,945 98.3% 4,560,240 98.1% 4,324,455 98.3% 4,074,385 99% 3,868,875 99% 524,582 100%
Total population 5,000,879 100% 4,648,055 100% 4,400,057 100% 4,113,487 100% 3,907,738 100% 524,582 100%

Recent immigration

A large number of immigrants have lived in British Columbia for 30 years or less.[6]

The 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 197,420 people who immigrated to British Columbia between 2016 and 2021.[4]

Recent immigrants to British Columbia by country of birth (2016 to 2021)[4]
Country of birth Population % recent immigrants
India 39,390 20%
China 31,445 15.9%
Philippines 21,225 10.8%
United States 8,760 4.4%
United Kingdom 7,670 3.9%
South Korea 7,225 3.7%
Iran 5,850 3%
Brazil 5,125 2.6%
Syria 4,955 2.5%
Australia 3,280 1.7%
Total 197,420 100%

Interprovincial migration

Number of Years each Provinces and Territories had with positive interprovincial immigration since 1971
Main article: Interprovincial migration in Canada

British Columbia has also traditionally been gaining from interprovincial migration. Over the last 50 years, British Columbia had 12 years of negative interprovincial immigration: the lowest in the country. The only time the province significantly lost population to this phenomenon was during the 1990s, when it had a negative interprovincial migration for 5 consecutive years.[33]

Interprovincial migration in British Columbia
In-migrants Out-migrants Net migration
2009–2010 Decrease 49,469 Positive decrease 40,741 Decrease 8,728
2010–2011 Decrease 47,854 Negative increase 44,433 Decrease 3,421
2011–2012 Increase 48,593 Negative increase 51,304 Decrease −2,711
2012–2013 Decrease 43,830 Positive decrease 45,698 Increase −1,868
2013–2014 Increase 52,281 Positive decrease 42,806 Increase 9,475
2014–2015 Increase 61,026 Positive decrease 40,647 Increase 20,379
2015–2016 Increase 63,788 Positive decrease 37,215 Increase 26,573
2016–2017 Decrease 57,210 Negative increase 38,376 Decrease 18,834
2017–2018 Decrease 55,300 Negative increase 41,311 Decrease 13,989
2018–2019 Increase 55,612 Negative increase 49,501 Decrease 6,111
2019–2020 Increase 71,180 Negative increase 61,122 Increase 10,058

Source: Statistics Canada[34]

See also

Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories

Notes

  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an Indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Includes Persian (Farsi) not otherwise specified
  3. ^ Including Austria
  4. ^ Including Galicia
  5. ^ Including Lebanon

References

  1. ^ "Crude birth rate, age-specific fertility rates and total fertility rate (live births)". Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Estimates of the components of natural increase, quarterly". Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  3. ^ "25_imr.FH10" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-02-27. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
  4. ^ a b c d e Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  5. ^ Statistics Canada – Population
  6. ^ a b "Census Profile, 2016 Census British Columbia [Province]". Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  7. ^ "2006 Canadian Census". Statistics Canada. Retrieved September 21, 2014.[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^ a b c Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-09-08). "Projected population by racialized group, generation status and other selected characteristics (x 1,000)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  9. ^ a b c Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-06). "Projected population by Indigenous identity, age group, sex, area of residence, provinces and territories, and projection scenario, Canada (x 1,000)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  10. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an aboriginal identity.
  11. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  12. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  13. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-08-17). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table British Columbia [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  14. ^ "Detailed Mother Tongue (148), Single and Multiple Language Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data". Statistics Canada. 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  15. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census British Columbia [Province]". Statistics Canada. 2019.
  16. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. October 26, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
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  20. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-03-29). "Data tables, 1991 Census R9101 – Population by Religion (29), Showing Age Groups (13) Education (20% Data) – Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  21. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada 20 per cent data base : highlight information on ethnicity, place of birth, citizenship, income, language, immigration, religion, shelter costs". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  22. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Sixth census of Canada,1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutism". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  23. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 September 2022). "1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921–1971". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  24. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023-06-21). "Place of birth and period of immigration by gender and age: Province or territory". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  25. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17). "Data tables, 2016 Census Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Place of Birth (272), Age (7A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  26. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Profile – Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, National Household Survey, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  27. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Citizenship (5), Place of Birth (236), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  28. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2009-03-23). "Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  29. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01). "2006 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  30. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10A) and Place of Birth of Respondent (260) for Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  31. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Selected Places of Birth (85) for the Immigrant Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 and 2001 Censuses – 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  32. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Sixth census of Canada,1921 . v. 2. Population: age, conjugal condition, birthplace, immigration, citizenship, language, educational status, school attendance, blindness and deaf mutism". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
  33. ^ "Interprovincial Migration in Canada: Quebeckers Vote with Their Feet" (PDF). www.fraserinstitute.org. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
  34. ^ Statistics Canada, table 051-0012: Interprovincial migrants, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual.
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