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Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec

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Notre-Dame de Québec
Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec in 2012
Map
Location16, rue de Buade
Quebec City, Quebec
G1R 4A1
CountryCanada
DenominationRoman Catholic
History
StatusCathedral, minor basilica
Founded1647 (1647) (original building)
Founder(s)François de Laval
DedicationVirgin Mary
Architecture
Functional statusFunctional
Designated1989
Architect(s)Jean Baillairgé
Architectural typeNeoclassical
Completed1843
Administration
ArchdioceseQuebec
Official nameNotre-Dame Roman Catholic Cathedral National Historic Site of Canada
Designated1989

The Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec ("Our Lady of Quebec City"), located at 16, rue de Buade, Quebec City, Quebec, is the primatial church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec.[1] It is the oldest church in Canada and was the first church in Canada to be elevated to the rank of minor basilica, by Pope Pius IX in 1874. Four governors of New France and the bishops of Quebec are buried in the crypt, including François de Laval, Quebec's first bishop.

The church is a National Historic Site of Canada,[2] and located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Historic District of Old Québec.[3]

History

The cathedral is located on the site of a chapel, Notre Dame de la Recouvrance, constructed by Samuel de Champlain in 1633. Construction of the first cathedral building began in 1647, and it was given the name Notre-Dame de la Paix.[4]

Plans from 1744, used during the reconstruction of the church in 1759

The cathedral has twice been destroyed by fire, the first time being during the Siege of Quebec in 1759. It was rebuilt from plans by Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry draughted in 1743. The belltower, however, was designed by Jean Baillairgé, who also oversaw construction. The interior was designed by Jean Baillairgé and his son François from 1786 to 1822. In 1843, François' son, Thomas, suggested a reconstruction of the façade to resemble the church of Sainte-Geneviève in Paris, resulting in the finest Neo-classic façade in Québec. The cathedral was richly decorated with impressive works of art: baldaquin, canopy, episcopal throne dais, stained glass windows, paintings, and chancel lamp (a gift of Louis XIV).

In 1922 the church was again gutted by fire; the Ku Klux Klan was initially suspected of arson. In 1927, an American career criminal, Ray Marsden confessed in prison to a series of church arsons, including Notre-Dame, that were done to cover his burglaries.[5] The church was restored by architects Maxime Roisin and Raoul Chenevert.[6][7] Raoul Chenevert added a presbytery beside the cathedral in 1931–1932.[8] From 1961-1993 Claude Lagacé was organist and choirmaster at the cathedral.[9]

In 2014 the cathedral celebrated its 350th anniversary. As part of the celebrations, a holy door was constructed—the second outside Europe and only the eighth in the world. The holy door was opened on December 8, 2013, and remained open until December 28, 2014. It again opened from December 8, 2015, to November 20, 2016, for the Year of Mercy after which it was sealed until 2024.[10][11]

The cathedral was designated as a national historic site of Canada in 1989 because "...of its long and close associations with the history of New France; its influence on subsequent ecclesiastical architecture and interior decoration in Québec."[12]

  • Interior
    Interior

See also

References

  1. ^ Laurendeau, Paul. "Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral-Basilica", The Canadian Encyclopedia, March 3, 2016
  2. ^ Notre-Dame Roman Catholic Cathedral National Historic Site of Canada. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
  3. ^ GCatholic.org.
  4. ^ Doughty, A. G. (1919). "Quebec". Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 23. New York: Encyclopedia American Corporation. p. 75. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  5. ^ https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/boswell-how-the-notre-dame-blaze-reveals-an-uplifting-chapter-of-canadian-history [bare URL]
  6. ^ "biography in Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada 1800–1950". Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  7. ^ Appleblatt, Anthony (1976). "The School Question in the 1929 Saskatchewan Provincial Election". Canadian Catholic Historical Association Study Sessions. 43. Canadian Catholic Historical Association: 75–90. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  8. ^ http://www.dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1614 Archived 2014-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Raoul Chenevert (architect)
  9. ^ Denise Ménard, Richard Gagné (October 15, 2021). "Claude Lagacé". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  10. ^ Scrivener, Leslie (June 3, 2013). "Holy Door opens in Quebec, the first outside of Europe". thestar.com. The Star. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  11. ^ Kerwin, Cassandra (January 7, 2015). "Holy Door at the Basilica now sealed". Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph Online. Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  12. ^ Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Minutes, 1989
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