Far Eastern Championship Games
 | |
| First event | 1913 in Manila, Philippine Islands |
|---|---|
| Occur every | 2 years |
| Last event | 1934 in Manila, Philippine Islands |
The Far Eastern Championship Games (also known as the Far Eastern Championships, Far Eastern Games or Far East Games) was an Asian multi-sport event considered to be a precursor to the Asian Games.
History
In 1913, Elwood Brown, president of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Association and Manila Carnival Games, proposed the creation of the "Far Eastern Olympic Games" to China and Japan. It was at that time that Governor-General William Cameron Forbes was the president of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation from 1911-1913. Governor-General Forbes formed the Far Eastern Olympic Association.
Brown collaborated with J. Howard Crocker and YMCA from missionaries in China, Japan and the Philippines, to establish the Far Eastern Championship Games.[1][2]
The first event was held on the Manila Carnival grounds (later the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex) in Malate, Manila, Philippines on February 4, 1913 and was known as the "First Oriental Olympic Games". Forbes was also the one who formally declare the games open.[3] Six countries participated in the eight-day event: the host country then-named Philippine Islands, Republic of China, Empire of Japan, British East Indies (Malaysia), Kingdom of Thailand and British crown colony Hong Kong. Critics of the YMCA's involvement with the creation of the Far Eastern Olympic Games point to it being an example of Western cultural imperialism as the YMCA's goals were to push western ideas of physical strength and culture onto these Asian countries.[4]
In 1915, the name changed to Far Eastern Championship Games and the association to Far Eastern Athletic Association when the event was held at Hongkou Park in Shanghai, China.[5] Many citizens in China were curious about the Far Eastern Championship Games and there was a great amount of interest in the novelty of the organized sporting event. This resulted in large crowds of people attending matches making them quite popular which justified the construction of the new sporting infrastructure in China. The games were deemed very popular and were observed by thousands of spectators in China as well as followed by many in the newspapers.[6] They were held there again in 1921.[7] The games were held every two years except in 1929 when Japan decided to delay the project to 1930. The FEAA decided to change the time table to four years and the Philippine Islands hosted the tenth games in 1934. Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) joined in the 1934 FECG.
The 1934 edition was held in a period of dispute between China and Japan, following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Inclusion of people from this region in the games caused controversy between the two member nations, which resulted in the break-up of the Far Eastern Athletic Association. In September 1937, Japan invaded China with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and started the Second Sino-Japanese War (which later became part of World War II), thus the planned games in 1938 were cancelled.[3]
Editions
| Year | Games | Dates | Host city | Host nation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1913 | 1 | 3–7 February | Manila |  Philippines
|
| 1915 | 2 | 15–21 May | Shanghai |  China
|
| 1917 | 3 | 8–12 May | Tokyo |  Japan
|
| 1919 | 4 | 12–16 May | Manila |  Philippines
|
| 1921 | 5 | 30 May–3 June | Shanghai | China
|
| 1923 | 6 | 21–25 May | Osaka | Japan
|
| 1925 | 7 | 17–22 May | Manila | Philippines
|
| 1927 | 8 | 28–31 August | Shanghai | China
|
| 1930 | 9 | 24–27 May | Tokyo | Japan
|
| 1934 | 10 | 16–20 May | Manila | Philippines
|
| 1938 | 11 | Cancelled | Osaka | Japan
|
Sports
A total of nine different sports were contested over the lifetime of the competition. Eight of the sports featured on each programmes of the games, with the ninth sport – cycling – being held once only, in 1915.[3]
Athletics ()
Baseball ()
Basketball ()
Cycling ()
Diving ()
Football ()
Swimming ()
Tennis ()
Volleyball ()
Participating nations
Republic of China (all editions)
Dutch East Indies (1934 only)
Federated Malay States (1913 only)
British Hong Kong (1913 only)
British Raj (1930 only)
Empire of Japan (all editions)- Philippines (all editions)
Kingdom of Siam (1913 only)
See also
References
- ^ Keyes, Mary Eleanor (October 1964). John Howard Crocker LL. D., 1870–1959 (Thesis). London, Ontario: University of Western Ontario. p. 52. OCLC 61578234.
- ^ Jones, Gordon R. (October 29, 1914). "Disappearance of German Merchantmen a Sore Blow". Brantford Expositor. Brantford, Ontario. p. 10. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
- ^ a b c Bell, Daniel (2003). Encyclopedia of International Games. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 0-7864-1026-4.
- ^ Morris 2004, p. 22.
- ^ Morris 2004, p. 25-30.
- ^ Morris 2004, p. 27-30.
- ^ Morris 2004, p. 89.
Sources
- Morris, Andrew D. (2004). Marrow of the Nation: A History of Sport and Physical Culture in Republican China. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520240841.
- Far Eastern Championship Games and Asian Games Research Project
- The Far Eastern Championship Games Archived 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine