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Jacob Javan Durham
Durham in 1892
Born(1849-04-13)April 13, 1849
Woodruff, South Carolina, U.S.
DiedDecember 11, 1920(1920-12-11) (aged 71)
Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
Alma materFisk University,
Meharry Medical College
Occupation(s)Minister, educator, debater, orator
Political partyRepublican

Jacob Javan Durham (April 14, 1849 – December 11, 1920) was an American minister, educator, debater and orator, and the founder of a college. He was a Baptist minister in South Carolina, and the founder of Morris College in 1908. He was a member of the board at Morehouse College and an officer in state and national Baptist conventions.

Early life and education

Jacob Javan Durham was born to James W. Durham and Dorcas Durham on April 13, 1849,[1] near Woodruff, South Carolina in Spartanburg County. He and his mother were slaves of his father. At about the age of ten, they moved to a farm near Cashville, South Carolina where he worked until he was aged fifteen. At that point he was apprenticed to the blacksmith's trade which lasted until 1870. In July, 1867 he converted to the Baptist denomination and joined the Pilgrim Baptist Church in Greenville County and later that year was licensed to preach. In June 1868 he was ordained and made pastor of Foster Chapel in Spartanburg County fifteen miles from his home. He held the pastorate for eighteen months when he resigned and attended a school in Greenville Court House, continuing to work on Saturday's and during the summers. During the summer of 1873 he took courses in Latin and Algebra and entered the senior preparatory class for South Carolina College,failing to gain entrance to the Freshman class of the school. He took a job teaching the next summer and in October 1874 he entered the freshman class with a scholarship[2] and some financial support from his father.[3] When the State government became democratic, funding to the school was dropped, and in the spring of 1877, South Carolina College closed. In October 1877 he entered the Junior class of Atlanta University in Atlanta, Georgia. In May 1879 he left Atlanta University and in March 1880 he enrolled at Fisk University where he graduated with an A. B. in May.[2]

After graduation he took the pastorate at a small church in Columbia, South Carolina. Recognizing a need, he enrolled at Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee in October 1880, graduating valedictorian with a M.D. in March 1882. In May 1885 he received an A. M. from Fisk.[2]

Career

He returned to Columbia, but a short time later he transferred to Bethseda Church at Society Hill, South Carolina, one of the largest churches in the state. He also opened a large and successful medical practice. In October 1883, Durham was appointed by the American Baptist Publication Society to lead the groups efforts in South Carolina. He was also elected corresponding secretary and financial agent of the Baptist Education Missionary and Sunday School Convention in South Carolina. The increase in responsibility forced him to resign his pastorate and medical practice.[2] He held the position of financial agent for eight years, at which point he moved to Savannah, Georgia to take the pastorate at the Second Baptist Church there.[4] In September 1900 he was chair of the National Baptist Convention and was elected vice-president.[5] From 1905-1920, he was elected president the state Baptist Convention.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

University administration

In 1901, Durham became a member of the Board at Morehouse College.[12] In 1907, Durham pioneered the project to create a Baptist college in South Carolina.[13] Durham was made chairman of the Board of Trustees and did substantial work to fundraiser for the creation of Morris College in Sumter, South Carolina,[14] which opened in 1908. By 1909 he had moved to a position as pastor of Friendship Baptist Church in Aiken, South Carolina.[15]

Orator

Durham was a powerful speaker and spoke strongly for the cause of civil rights for African Americans and against lynchings.[16][17] During World War I, Durham supported allowing African Americans to serve in the Army at all service levels.[18] After a speech given in the spring of 1901, in front of President William McKinley in Savannah, McKinley told Durham, "That was one of the most beautiful and eloquent addresses I ever heard". A pamphlet of sermons and speeches by Durham titled, "The Hand of God in the Affairs of Nations" was published in 1909.[15]

Death

Durham died in Columbus, South Carolina on December 11, 1920[19] of heart disease.[11]

References

  1. ^ Bacote, Samuel William (1913). Who's Who Among the Colored Baptists of the United States . The Library of Congress. Kansas City, MO.: Franklin Hudson Publishing Co. p. 114 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ a b c d Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner. Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising. GM Rewell & Company, 1887. p878-883
  3. ^ Cohen, Michael David. Reconstructing the campus: Higher education and the American Civil War. University of Virginia Press, 2012.
  4. ^ Pegues, Albert Witherspoon. Our Baptist Ministers and Schools. Willey & Company, 1892. p183-187 accessed December 16, 2016 at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001059575;view=1up;seq=190
  5. ^ Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, Virginia) September 14, 1900 page 3, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882461/richmond_dispatch_richmond_virginia/
  6. ^ Negro Baptists in Session, The Watchman and Southron (Sumter, South Carolina) May 7, 1910, page 1, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882571/negro_baptists_in_session_the_watchman/
  7. ^ Wilkinson Succeeds Miller, The Times and Democrat (Orangeburg, South Carolina) April 1, 1911, page 4, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882652//
  8. ^ Negro Baptists in Session, The Watchman and Southron (Sumter, South Carolina) May 31, 1913, page 5, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882681/negro_baptists_in_session_the_watchman/
  9. ^ The State Convention of Colored Baptists, The Newberry Weekly Herald (Newberry, South Carolina) June 11, 1915, page 5, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882715//
  10. ^ To Have Newspaper, The Watchman and Southron (Sumter, South Carolina) March 26, 1919, page 2, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882753/to_have_newspaper_the_watchman_and/
  11. ^ a b Prominent Minister Dies Suddenly at Home, The Dallas Express (Dallas, Texas) January 8, 1921, page 5, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882804/prominent_minister_dies_sudenly_at/
  12. ^ Brawley, Benjamin. History of Morehouse College. Cosimo, Inc., 2009. p100
  13. ^ The Negro Baptist College, The Watchman and Southron (Sumter, South Carolina) October 9, 1907, page 2, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882635//
  14. ^ Negro Baptist College, The Watchman and Southron (Sumter, South Carolina) October 23, 1907, page 2, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882607/negro_batpist_college_the_watchman_and/
  15. ^ a b Noted Scholar and Orator, The Bystander (Des Moines, Iowa) October 22, 1909, page 1, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882538/noted_scholar_and_orator_the_bystander/
  16. ^ Harris, Leslie M., and Daina Ramey Berry, eds. Slavery and Freedom in Savannah. University of Georgia Press, 2014. p185-186
  17. ^ Baker, Bruce E. This mob will surely take my life: lynchings in the Carolinas, 1871-1947. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2009. p89
  18. ^ Moore, Winfred B., and Orville Vernon Burton. Toward the meeting of the waters: currents in the civil rights movement of South Carolina during the twentieth century. Univ of South Carolina Press, 2008. p51
  19. ^ Prominent Negro Dead, Winston-Salem Journal (Winston-Salem, North Carolina) December 12, 1920, page 2, accessed December 16, 2016 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7882856//
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