Lepidium campestre
| Lepidium campestre | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | Lepidium |
| Species: | L. campestre
|
| Binomial name | |
| Lepidium campestre | |
Lepidium campestre, the field pepperwort,[1] field peppercress, field peppergrass, field pepperweed or field cress, is usually a biennial with some form of annual plant in the Brassicaceae or mustard family, native to Europe, but commonly found in North America as an invasive weed. The most notable characteristic of field pepperweed is the raceme of flowers which forks off of the stem. These racemes are made up of first small white flowers and later green, flat and oval seedpods each about 6 mm long and 4 mm wide.[2] Each seedpod contains two brown, 2.5 mm long seeds.
The stem of field pepperweed comes out of a basal rosette of toothed leaves. The stem is covered in leaves, which are sessile, alternate and arrow-shaped.[2] The entire plant is generally between 20 and 60 cm tall and covered in small hairs.[2]
Cultivation and uses
Field pepperweed grows in disturbed land, crops, and waste places.[2] It can tolerate most soils.
The plant is edible. The young leaves can be eaten as greens, added raw to salads or boiled for ten minutes.[3] The young fruits and seeds can be used as a spice, with a taste between black pepper and mustard. The leaves contain protein, vitamin A and vitamin C.[3]
Domestication
Field cress has been targeted for domestication at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), because it holds high agronomic promise as a biennial/perennial oilseed crop as it has many good characteristics of a high-yielding winter-hardy crop.[4][5] Unlike any other oilseed crop, field cress can be highly productive in the northern parts of temperate regions and has been successfully grown in Umeå, Sweden (40 km south of the Arctic circle) where it can yield correspondingly 3.3 tons/ha. In addition, field cress provides important ecosystem services as it functions as a cover crop during winter and can be undersown a spring cereal.[6] The oil of field cress is suitable for different industrial applications such as production of hydrotreated vegetable oil diesel (HVO). The researchers at SLU have identified and mapped several genes in field cress that are known to be important for domestication related traits such as flowering time, pod shattering and seed dormancy.[7]
References
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ a b c d Richard H. Uva, Joseph C. Neal and Joseph M. Ditomaso, Weeds of The Northeast, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), Pp. 176-177.
- ^ a b Lee Allen Peterson, Edible Wild Plants, (New York City: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977), p. 26.
- ^ Eriksson, Dennis (2009). "Towards the domestication of Lepidium campestre as an undersown oilseed crop". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. 2009 (65).
- ^ Merker, Arnuf; Nilsson, Peter (1995). "Some oil crop properties in wild Barbarea and Lepidium species". Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research. 48: 159–164. doi:10.1080/09064719809362493.
- ^ Merker, Arnulf; Eriksson, Dennis; Bertholdsson, Nils-Ove (2010). "Barley yield increases with undersownLepidium campestre". Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B. 60 (3): 269–273. doi:10.1080/09064710902903747. S2CID 84293246.
- ^ Gustafsson, Cecilia; Willforss, Jakob; Lopes-Pinto, Fernando; Ortiz, Rodomiro; Geleta, Mulatu (2018). "Identification of genes regulating traits targeted for domestication of field cress (Lepidium campestre) as a biennial and perennial oilseed crop". BMC Genetics. 19 (1): 36. doi:10.1186/s12863-018-0624-9. PMC 5975587. PMID 29843613.