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List of massacres in Ukraine

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This is a list of massacres that have occurred in the modern day areas of Ukraine.

Massacres until 1939

Name Date Location Perpetrators Deaths Notes
Siege of Kyiv[1] November 28–December 6, 1240 Kyiv Mongol Empire 48,000[2] The Mongols under Batu Khan cross the frozen Dnieper River and lay siege to the city of Kiev. On December 6, the walls are rendered rubble by Chinese catapults and the Mongols pour into the city. Brutal hand-to-hand street fighting occurs, the Kievans are eventually forced to fall back to the central parts of the city. Many people take refuge in the Church of the Blessed Virgin. As scores of terrified Kievans climb onto the Church's upper balcony to shield themselves from Mongol arrows, their collective weight strain its infrastructure, causing the roof to collapse and crush countless citizens under its weight. Of a total population of 50,000, 48,000 are massacred.[1]
Cossack riots (Tach Vetat) 1648–1649 Nationwide Cossacks 20,000–100,000 Jews See Jewish casualties of Tach Vetat for discussion of various estimates of the number of murdered
Batih massacre June 3–4, 1652 Batih Cossacks 3,500–8,000 Polish POWs Also known as the "Sarmatian Katyń"
Sack of Baturyn November 2, 1708 Baturyn  Russian Empire ~7,000-15,000 Ukrainians After the capture of the city, its entire civil population was massacred by Russian forces
Executions of Cossacks in Lebedyn 1708-1709 Lebedyn  Russian Empire 900 Executions of pro-Swedish Cossacks who betrayed the oath of allegiance to the Russian Tsar
Massacre of Uman June 1768 Uman Ukrainian rebels 2,000–33,000 Jews and Poles Massacre of the Jews, Poles and Ukrainian Uniates by haidamaks
Kiev pogrom (1881) May 7, 1881 Kyiv Unknown
Odessa pogrom (1905) October 18 and 22, 1905 Odesa Ethnic Russian, Ukrainian, and Greek rioters 400–1,000 Jews
Kiev pogrom (1905) October 31–November 2, 1905 Kyiv Ethnic Russian, Ukrainian, etc. rioters 100 Jews
Pogroms of the Russian Civil War 1918–1923 Ukraine and Southern Russia AFSR, White movement
     (17-50% of killings)[3][4]: 45 [5]
Green armies

Red Army
     (2-9% of killings)[6][7]
Ukrainian People's Army
     (25-54% of killings)[6][8]

50,000–250,000 Jews Including Jews who were massacred in Southern Russia
Fastiv massacre September 1919 Fastiv White Army 1,000–1,500 Jews
Eichenfeld massacre November 1919 Eichenfeld, Katerynoslav Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine 136 Mennonites
Berdychiv massacre (1920) 7 June 1920 Berdychiv Russia 1st Cavalry Army Hundreds of wounded Polish and Ukrainian soldiers, Red Cross workers and nuns. Victims were burned alive in a hospital.[9]
Vinnytsia massacre 1937–1938 Vinnytsia  Soviet Union 9,432 Ukrainians and Poles Part of the Great Purge.

Massacres during World War II

Name Date Location Perpetrators Deaths Notes
Katyn massacre April–May 1940 Kharkiv, Kherson, Kyiv  Soviet Union 7,247 Poles 7,247 of the 22,000 victims of the massacre were murdered in the three Ukrainians cities.[10]
Lunca massacre February 7, 1941 Lunca  Soviet Union Over 600 Massacre of Romanians
Fântâna Albă massacre April 1, 1941 Fântâna Albă  Soviet Union 44 (Soviet & Russian claim)
3,000 (Romanian claim) 		Massacre of Romanians
NKVD prisoner massacres in Ukraine June–November 1941 In 78 prisons across Ukraine  Soviet Union Almost 9,000 By Stalin's orders
Lviv pogroms (1941) June 1941 – July 1941 Lviv OUN-B,
Einsatzgruppen,
Ukrainian nationalists, local crowds 		6,000 Jews
Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre August 27–28, 1941 Kamianets-Podilskyi  Nazi Germany
Ukrainian Auxiliary Police 		23,600 Jews
Pavoloch massacre September 5, 1941 Pavoloch  Nazi Germany 1,500 Jews
Nikolaev massacre September 16–30, 1941 Mykolaiv  Nazi Germany 35,782 mostly Jews
Babi Yar massacre September 29–30, 1941 Babi Yar  Nazi Germany 33,771 Jews
Berdychiv massacre (1941) October 5, 1941 Berdychiv  Nazi Germany 20,000–38,536 Jews
1941 Odessa massacre October 22–24, 1941 Odesa  Nazi Germany
 Kingdom of Romania
local crowds 		25,000–100,000 Jews
Drobitsky Yar December 15, 1941 Kharkiv  Nazi Germany 15,000 Jews
Artemivsk massacre January 11, 1942 Artemivsk (now Bakhmut)  Nazi Germany 1,317–3,000 Jews
Sarny massacre August 27–28, 1942 Sarny  Nazi Germany 14,000–18,000 Jews
Massacre of Grischino February 1943 Pokrovsk  Soviet Union 596 POWs and prisoners Massacre of Germans, Italians, Romanians, Ukrainians, Hungarians, and Danes.
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia March 1943 – December 1944 Volhynia Ukrainian Insurgent Army 60,000–100,000 Poles
Koriukivka massacre March 1–2, 1943 Koriukivka  Nazi Germany 6,700
Janowa Dolina massacre April 23, 1943 Janowa Dolina Ukrainian nationalists 600+ Poles
Hurby massacre June 2, 1943 Hurby Ukrainian Insurgent Army 250 Poles
Dominopol massacre July 11, 1943 Dominopol Ukrainian Insurgent Army 490 Poles
Gurów massacre July 11, 1943 Gurów Ukrainian Insurgent Army 410 Poles
Poryck massacre July 11, 1943 Poryck Ukrainian Insurgent Army 300 Poles
Zagaje massacre July 11–12, 1943 Zagaje Ukrainian Insurgent Army 260–350 Poles
Budy Ossowskie massacre August 29, 1943 Budy Ossowskie Ukrainian Insurgent Army 290 Poles
Głęboczyca massacre August 29, 1943 Głęboczyca Ukrainian Insurgent Army 250 Poles
Wola Ostrowiecka massacre August 30, 1943 Wola Ostrowiecka Ukrainian Insurgent Army 529 Poles
Huta Pieniacka massacre February 28, 1944 Huta Pieniacka Ukrainian nationalists 500–1,200 Poles
Chodaczków Wielki massacre April 16, 1944 Chodaczków Wielki 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) 862 Poles

Massacres in the post-WWII period

Name Date Location Perpetrators Deaths Notes
Kerch Polytechnic College massacre October 17, 2018 Kerch, Crimea Vladislav Roslyakov 21 School shooting and nail-bomb attack
Bucha massacre March 2022 Bucha, Kyiv Oblast  Russia 73-178+ (UN)/ 458 (Ukraine) Killing of Ukrainian civilians during the Russian occupation
Olenivka prison massacre 29 July 2022 Molodizhne, Donetsk Oblast  Russia 53–62 POWs during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a building housing Ukrainian prisoners of war in a Russian-operated prison in Molodizhne near Olenivka, Donetsk Oblast, was destroyed, killing 53 to 62 Ukrainian prisoners of war (POWs) and leaving 75 to 130 wounded.[11]
Volnovakha massacre 27 October 2023 Volnovakha  Russia 9 including two children

Other events

These events involving multiple deaths in Ukraine are not widely known, or recognised, as 'massacres'.

Other events involving multiple deaths in Ukraine
Name Date Location Perpetrators Deaths Notes
Dnepropetrovsk maniacs June 25-July 16, 2007 Dnipro Viktor Sayenko, Igor Suprunyuk 21 Two 19-year old boys killed 21 people.
Leskovitsa Killings April 20–21, 2010 Chernihiv Oleksandr Sergov 3 1 Wounded, A Neo-Nazi kills three people with a shovel in Chernihiv's Leskovitsa neighborhood
Trofimov Beheadings December 15, 2012 Kharkiv Unknown 4 Murder of judge Vladimir Trofimov and his relatives
Revolution of Dignity February 18–21, 2014 Kyiv Government of Viktor Yanukovych (Berkut) 108 Including 2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots
2014 Odesa clashes May 2, 2014 Odesa Euromaidanites (and Anti-Maidanites) 48 Clashes between pro-Maidan protesters and anti-Maidan, pro-Russian protesters resulted in deaths of 48 people
Murder of Pentecostals in Sloviansk June 2014 Sloviansk Russian Orthodox Army 4
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 July 17, 2014 Hrabove, Donetsk Oblast  Donetsk People's Republic 298
Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack August 18, 2014 Novosvitlivka, Luhansk Oblast Luhansk People's Republic Luhansk People's Republic 17
Volnovakha bus attack January 13, 2015 Volnovakha  Donetsk People's Republic 12
Siege of Chernihiv February 24–April 4, 2022 Chernihiv  Russia 700+
Chernihiv bombing March 3, 2022 Chernihiv  Russia 47 Part of Siege of Chernihiv
March 2022 Donetsk attack March 14, 2022 Donetsk  Russia
 Donetsk People's Republic 		23
Chernihiv breadline attack March 16, 2022 Chernihiv  Russia 14 Part of Siege of Chernihiv
Mariupol theatre airstrike March 16, 2022 Mariupol  Russia 12 (Amnesty International)
600 (AP) 		Part of Siege of Mariupol
Mykolaiv government building airstrike March 29, 2022 Mykolaiv  Russia 37 Part of Battle of Mykolaiv
Kramatorsk railway station attack April 8, 2022 Kramatorsk, Donetsk Oblast  Russia 59
Bilohorivka school bombing May 7, 2022 Bilohorivka, Luhansk Oblast  Russia 2 (confirmed) 60 (claim)
2022 Kremenchuk missile strike June 27, 2022 Kremenchuk, Poltava Oblast  Russia 21 Missile airstrike of Amstor mall
Izium mass graves Discovered on 15 September 2022 Izium, Kharkiv Oblast  Russia
Russian Ground Forces 		440+

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Perfecky, George (1973). The Hypatian Codex. Munich, Germany: Wilhelm Fink Publishing House. pp. 43–49.
  2. ^ Davison, Derek (6 December 2019). "Today in European history: the Mongols sack Kyiv (1240)". fx.substack.com. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
  3. ^ Budnitskii, Oleg (2012). Russian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917-1920. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-8122-0814-6.
  4. ^ Midlarsky, M.I. (2005). The Killing Trap: Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 44–51. ISBN 0-521-81545-2. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  5. ^ "YIVO | Russian Civil War". yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  6. ^ a b Budnitskii 2012, p. 217; Midlarsky 2005, p. 45.
  7. ^ "YIVO | Russian Civil War". yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  8. ^ "YIVO | Russian Civil War". yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  9. ^ Łukasz Zalesiński. "Lato z czerwonym terrorem". Polska Zbrojna (in Polish). Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  10. ^ Zbrodnia katyńska (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. 2020. p. 16. ISBN 978-83-8098-825-5.
  11. ^ "2 years after Ukrainian POW deaths, survivors and leaked UN analysis point to Russia as the culprit". Associated Press. 2024-07-25. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
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