Pallas's grasshopper warbler

Pallas's grasshopper warbler
	In Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Locustellidae
Genus:	Helopsaltes
Species:	H. certhiola
Binomial name
	Helopsaltes certhiola; (Pallas, 1811)
Synonyms
	Locustella certhiola (Pallas, 1811); Motacilla certhiola Pallas, 1811;

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Pallas's grasshopper warbler (Helopsaltes certhiola), also known as the rusty-rumped warbler, is an Old World warbler in the grass warbler genus Helopsaltes. It breeds in the eastern Palearctic: from the Altai Mountains, Mongolia and Transbaikalia to northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and islands in the Sea of Okhotsk (Sakhalin and Kuril Islands). It is migratory, wintering from India eastward to Indonesia. It is a rare migrant in Sri Lanka.

Etymology

This bird was named after the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas. The specific certhiola is a diminutive from the genus Certhia, the treecreepers.^[3]

The sixth edition of Clements Checklist ^[4] refers to this species as "Pallas's warbler", a name more commonly used for Phylloscopus proregulus.

Habitat

This small passerine bird is found in tall grass with some thicker vegetation, usually close to water in bogs or wet meadows. From 4 to 7 eggs are laid in a nest on the ground in grass. This species is a very rare vagrant to western Europe. One of the best places to see this skulking species as a vagrant is Fair Isle, Shetland; for a species that only rarely appears in western Europe, it can be found there with some regularity.

Description

This is a medium-sized warbler. The adult has a streaked brown back, whitish grey underparts, unstreaked except on the undertail. The sexes are identical, as with most warblers, but young birds are yellower below. Like most warblers, it is insectivorous. It is very similar to the common grasshopper warbler, but is slightly larger, has white tips to the tail and tertial feathers, and a warmer brown rump. The white tips are the reason for its colloquial, mnemonic name of "PG Tips".

This is a skulking species which is very difficult to see except sometimes when singing. It creeps through grass and low foliage.

Voice

The song is not the mechanical insect-like reeling produced by the common grasshopper warbler and some other Locustella warblers, but an inventive Acrocephalus-like melody.

Subspecies

Five subspecies recognized:

H. c. rubescens Blyth, 1845
H. c. sparsimstriatus Meise, 1934
H. c. certhiola (Pallas, 1811)
H. c. centralasiae Sushkin, 1925
H. c. minor David & Oustalet, 1877

References

^ BirdLife International (2016). "Locustella certhiola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22714664A94423321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22714664A94423321.en. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
^ Denis Lepage. "Pallas's Grasshopper-Warbler Helopsaltes certhiola (Pallas, 1811)". Avibase. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 97, 229. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Clements, James F. (2007) The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World Cornell University Press ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9

[1] BirdLife International (2016). "Locustella certhiola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22714664A94423321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22714664A94423321.en. Retrieved 20 May 2021.

[Avibase-2] Denis Lepage. "Pallas's Grasshopper-Warbler Helopsaltes certhiola (Pallas, 1811)". Avibase. Retrieved 20 May 2021.

[job-3] Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 97, 229. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[4] Clements, James F. (2007) The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World Cornell University Press ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9

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