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Peter Düttmann

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Peter Düttmann
Düttmann as a Leutnant
Nickname(s)Bonifaz, sometimes Bonifazius
Born(1923-05-23)23 May 1923
Gießen
Died9 January 2001(2001-01-09) (aged 77)
Echterdingen, Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany (to 1945)
Service / branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1940–1945
RankLeutnant (second lieutenant)
UnitJG 52
Commands5./JG 52
Battles / warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Peter "Bonifazius" Düttmann (23 May 1923 – 9 January 2001) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II. He is credited with 152 aerial victories achieved in 398 combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.

Born in Gießen, Düttmann grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. In 1940, he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe where he was trained as a fighter pilot. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in May 1943. Flying with this wing, Düttmann claimed his first aerial victory on 21 May 1943 over a Soviet Air Forces fighter aircraft. Following his 91st aerial victory he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 June 1944. He claimed his 100th aerial victory on 25 September and was appointed squadron leader of 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of JG 52 in December. He led this squadron until the end of World War II. Düttmann died on 9 January 2001 in Echterdingen.

Early life and career

Düttmann was born on 23 May 1923 in Gießen, at the time in People's State of Hesse in the Weimar Republic.[1] His father was surgeon Dr. Erich Düttmann.[2] Following flight training,[Note 1] Düttmann was transferred to the Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost (Supplementary Fighter Group East) in southern France. In February 1943, Düttmann and other flight students of Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost under the leadership of Oberleutnant Walter Krupinski were based at La Leu Airfield near La Rochelle, France. There, Düttmann flew the Arado Ar 96. On some of his flights, he was joined by members of the Kriegsmarine's U-boat force who were made aware how easily a surfaced U-boat could be spotted from the air.[4]

World War II

Following completion of flight and fighter pilot training, Düttmann joined 5. Staffel (5th squadron), Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) on 7 May 1943.[5] At the time, this squadron led by Leutnant Helmut Haberda who was killed in action on 8 May. Command of 5. Staffel was then temporarily given to Leutnant Josef Zwernemann who passed on command to Oberleutnant Wilhelm Batz on 26 May. The squadron was subordinated to II. Gruppe (2nd group) of JG 52 under the command of Hauptmann Helmut Kühle.[6] II. Gruppe was based at Anapa and was fighting in the Battle of the Caucasus on the Eastern Front.[7] Düttmann served with the same unit until the end of the war and soon became one of their most successful pilots, flying with Heinz Ewald and Heinz Sachsenberg. He claimed his first aerial victory on 21 May 1943 over a Polikarpov Po-2, also known as a U-2, in the vicinity of Krasnodar.[8]

JG 52 Emblem

On 11 July 1943, Düttmann ditched his Bf 109 G-4 southeast of Anapa in the Black Sea after being hit by return fire form a formation of Douglas Boston medium bombers.[9] In the early hours of 26 July, 15 Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft, escorted by Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter aircraft, headed for German shipping off of Anapa. The Soviet flight was intercepted over sea and scattered. During this engagement, German pilots claimed ten aerial victories, five Il-2s and five Yak-1s, including an Il-2 and Yak-1 shot down by Düttmann. One of the aerial victories claimed by Düttmann was also 5. Staffel's 500th aerial victory to date.[10][Note 2] On 6 August, Düttmann was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse).[12]

Following aerial combat on 9 August 1943, he force landed his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 19623—factory number) in no-man's land and was posted missing for 17 hours. On the 23 August 1943, his Bf 109 G-6 was again hit by anti-aircraft artillery resulting in a forced landing 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) west of Nikolajewka.[13] on 17 August, Düttmann received the Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold (Frontflugspange in Gold) and the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 25 August.[12] By end-1943, he was credited with 25 aerial victories.[14] On 23 January 1944, Düttmann's Bf 109 G-6 was damaged three times in combat. At 08:00, during takeoff at Baherove, his aircraft was hit in the engine by a strafing Il-2 ground-attack aircraft. Later at 09:03, his Bf 109 G-6 was hit in aerial combat by a Bell P-39 Airacobra fighter aircraft resulting in a forced landing. At 14:45, his aircraft was hit by anti-aircraft artillery causing engine fire in flight. Nevertheless, he managed to return to his airfield and made a deadstick landing at Baherove.[15]

On 28 February 1944, 4. and 5. Staffel was ordered to Grammatikowo located near Sovietskyi. On 13 March, the Gruppe returned to Baherove where they stayed for six days before again moving to Grammatikowo.[16] On shuttle flight flown on 18 March, Düttmann's Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 15992) suffered engine failure, resulting in a forced landing at Aissul.[17] He scored a further 18 kills in March 1944, 22 in April and 14 in May 1944. Düttmann became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time on 11 April 1944 over the Kerch Peninsula.[18] On 14 April, II. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Cape Chersonesus located at the Sevastopol Bay.[19] On 15 April, he received the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold).[20] On 7 May 1944, he claimed nine aerial victories to take his score to 91.[21] Suffering from combat fatigue he was sent on leave at the end of May and returned in September 1944. During this period, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 9 June 1944.[22]

Retreat through Hungary

Düttmann claimed his 100th aerial victory on 25 September 1944. He was the 92nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[23] On 1 November 1944, Düttmann, flying Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 167238), was involved in a ground accident at Ferihegy Airfield, killing his wingman Unteroffizier Heinrich Wester. Low on fuel, Wester had landed his Bf 109 G-14 (Werknummer 782775) first, the engine seized due to lack of fuel, leaving him sitting on the runway. Düttmann, who landed next, did not see Wester and crashed into his aircraft, killing him instantly.[24]

On the 13 November 1944, he was shot down by an Il-2 rear gunner and bailed out at 1000 feet, landing behind enemy lines, but managing to reach German lines. The same happened to him on the 3 March 1945 due to AA damage and he returned a day later. On 23 December 1944, Düttmann was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel of JG 52. He replaced Hauptmann Heinrich Sturm who was killed in a flying accident the day before. On 1 March 1945, this squadron was renamed 6. Staffel of JG 52.[25] On 24 April 1945, Düttmann claimed the destruction of a M4 Sherman tank 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Cham.[26]

Later life

Düttmann died on 9 January 2001 at the age of 77 in Echterdingen, Germany.[27]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Düttmann was credited with 152 aerial victories.[28] Obermaier also lists Düttmann with 152 aerial victories claimed in 398 combat missions, 21 of which were ground support missions.[1] Both Spick and Weal state that his total of aerial victories was 150 claimed in 398 combat missions,[29] plus two tanks destroyed which were counted as additional victories.[30] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 147 aerial victory claims, plus 45 further unconfirmed claims, including one North American P-51 Mustang. All of his confirmed victories were claimed on the Eastern Front.[31] The authors Daniel and Gabor Horvath compared Soviet enemy loss reports to Düttmann's claims over Hungary. In the timeframe 16 October 1944 to 20 March 1945, Düttmann claimed 42 aerial victories, while the authors found 11 matching Soviet losses, a corroboration of 26%.[32]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 96453". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[33]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Düttmann an ace-in-a-day, a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Düttmann did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Barbas, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[34]
Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
1 21 May 1943 15:48 U-2 PQ 34 Ost 96453, 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Krasnodar[8] 17 6 September 1943 15:56 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 60314, 10 km (6.2 mi) north-northwest of Taranovka[35]
north of Taranovka
—
 4 June 1943 18:30 La-5 vicinity of Krymskaja[36]
—
 7 September 1943 09:35 Yak-1 vicinity of Taranovka[35]
2 10 June 1943 14:43 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 75173[37]
35 km (22 mi) southwest of Noworossijsi 		18 8 September 1943 05:13 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] PQ 35 Ost 50521, 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Karlivka[35]
east of Karlivka
3 10 July 1943 07:40 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 66893, 20 km (12 mi) south of Wesselowka[37]
—
 13 September 1943 16:45 Yak-9 vicinity of Merefa[35]
4 11 July 1943 11:53 Boston PQ 34 Ost 75353, 45 km (28 mi) southeast of Anapa[37]
lake south of Anapa
—
 21 September 1943 17:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] south-southwest of Kozelets[35]
5 22 July 1943 12:04 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] PQ 34 Ost 76852, 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Varenikovskaya[37]
—
 23 September 1943 17:40 P-40 west of Pereiaslav[35]
6 22 July 1943 17:01 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] PQ 34 Ost 75234, 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Krymskaja[37]
vicinity of Krymsk 		19 25 September 1943 10:48 P-40 PQ 35 Ost 10131, 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Pereiaslav[35]
southwest of Pereiaslav
7 23 July 1943 06:14 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] PQ 34 Ost 75265, 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Krymskaja[37]
southwest of Krymsk 		20 26 September 1943 17:23 P-40 PQ 35 Ost 1013, 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Pereiaslav[38]
southwest of Pereiaslav
8 23 July 1943 06:20 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] PQ 34 Ost 86773, 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Krymskaja[37]
northeast of Krymsk
—
 2 October 1943 11:52 LaGG-3 vicinity of Cherkasy[38]
9 26 July 1943 06:18 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] PQ 34 Ost 76774, 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Blagoweschtschenskoje[39]
lake south of Blagoweschtschenskaja
—
 2 October 1943 11:57 LaGG-3 vicinity of Cherkasy[38]
10 26 July 1943 06:27 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 75144, 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Anapa[39]
lake west of Anapa
—
 3 October 1943 10:25 P-39 Michailowka[38]
—
 7 August 1943 11:25 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] Werenskowskaja[40]
—
 9 October 1943 13:10 Yak-1 south of Tamenj[38]
—
 8 August 1943 07:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] west of Belgorod[40] 21 10 October 1943 15:38 Yak-1 PQ 4932, 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Werchnedneprowsk[38]
south of Borodajewka
11 8 August 1943 18:30 Boston PQ 35 Ost 50683, 1 km (0.62 mi) west of Nizacha[40]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of Pavlovka
—
 30 November 1943 09:59 Yak-1 southeast of Kolonka[41]
12 11 August 1943 18:03 Boston PQ 35 Ost 51514, 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Pavlovka[40]
Nizacha
—
?[Note 4] 		28 December 1943 09:25 P-39 Cape Taulen
13 15 August 1943 11:25 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51374, 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Krinitschnoje[40]
east of Kinitzeknoje 		22 28 December 1943 10:57 Yak-1 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Cape Tusla[42]
14 17 August 1943 05:56 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51312, 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Mosgowoj[40]
north of Mockorroj 		23 29 December 1943 12:23 LaGG-3 5 km (3.1 mi) west-northwest of Cape Khroni[14]
west of Cape Khroni
15 17 August 1943 06:07 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51374, 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Borodskoje[40]
east of Borowskoje 		24 29 December 1943 12:33 Yak-7 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Kerch[14]
16 17 August 1943 09:02 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 41434, 2 km (1.2 mi) northeast of Bazaiwschtschina[43]
northeast of Baratschina 		25 29 December 1943 12:50 P-39 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Opassnaja[14]
south of Apannaja
—
 19 August 1943 06:20 Yak-1 vicinity of Achtyrka[43]
—
 30 December 1943 13:45 P-39 east of Apassnaja[14]
Opermeja
—
 23 August 1943 13:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] northeast of Marinowka[43]
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[44]
Eastern Front — 1 January – May 1944
26 3 January 1944 08:17 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 66813, 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Cape Tusla[45]
west of Cape Tusla[46] 		56 5 April 1944 13:11 La-5 southwest of Kerch[47]
27 3 January 1944 08:25 P-39 south of Apassnaja[46] 57 5 April 1944 17:26 Il-2 north of Katerles[47]
—
 4 January 1944 13:05 P-39 west of Cape Tusla[46] 58 5 April 1944 17:30 P-40 city center of Kerch[47]
—
 9 January 1944 09:00 Yak-1 southwest of Eltigen[46] 59 5 April 1944 17:31 P-40 northwest of Kerch[47]
—
 10 January 1944 06:55 Yak-1 west of Kerch[46] 60?[Note 5] 6 April 1944 11:29 Yak-1 southeast of Perekop[47]
—
 10 January 1944 09:40 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] north east of Kolonka[46] 61 8 April 1944 16:29 Yak-1 east of An-Najman[47]
—
 10 January 1944 14:05 P-39 northeast of Cape Khroni[46] 62 9 April 1944 10:09 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] northwest of An-Najman[49]
28 15 January 1944 07:21 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] north of Cape Tarchan[46] 63 9 April 1944 10:12 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] west of An-Najman[49]
29 17 January 1944 06:41 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] northwest of Bakssy[46]
—
 10 April 1944 07:50 Yak-7 southeast of Perekop[49]
30 21 January 1944 11:41 P-40 southwest of Eltigen[46] 64 10 April 1944 08:49 Yak-7 Tschumak[49]
—
 5 February 1944 11:40 P-39 south of Kolonka[50] 65 10 April 1944 17:47 Yak-7 north of An-Najman[49]
—
 6 February 1944 07:40 P-39 southeast of Kolonka[50]
—
 11 April 1944 06:05 Yak-7 vicinity of Perekop[49]
—
 7 February 1944 14:20 Yak-1 north of Cape Khroni[50] 66♠ 11 April 1944 06:19 Yak-7 west of Michailowka[49]
31 10 February 1944 09:26 Yak-1 west of Bakssy[50]
vicinity of Bulganek 		67♠ 11 April 1944 10:50 Yak-7 Nowo Ivanovka[49]
32 10 February 1944 12:00 LaGG-3 east of Apassnaja[50]
vicinity of Kolonka 		68♠ 11 April 1944 10:54 Yak-7 northwest of Dzhankoi[49]
33 12 February 1944 08:52 Yak-1 east of Majak[50] 69♠ 11 April 1944 10:56 P-39 northeast of Kakankut[49]
34 13 February 1944 07:28 P-39 southeast of Apassnaja[50] 70♠ 11 April 1944 10:59 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] vicinity of Dzhankoi[49]
35 13 February 1944 15:07 P-39 east of Gorkom[50] 71♠ 11 April 1944 14:53 Yak-7 southwest of Dzhankoi[49]
36 14 February 1944 11:27 P-39 east of Kolonka[50]
—
 13 April 1944 08:23 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] Bachtschasanj[49]
—
 15 February 1944 09:27 P-39 southwest of Kossa Tusla[51]
Cape Tusla
—
?[Note 6] 		13 April 1944 08:27 Yak-7 vicinity of Simferopol[49]
—
 15 February 1944 09:29 P-39 south-southeast of Kossa Tusla[51]
Cape Tusla
—
 15 April 1944 09:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] west of Sevastopol[53]
37 26 February 1944 12:24 P-40 east of Kerch[51] 72 17 April 1944 13:46 Yak-7 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Belbek[53]
—
 29 February 1944 09:25 P-40 south of Iljitsch[51] 73 17 April 1944 13:47 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] north of Belbek[53]
38 1 March 1944 08:03 P-40 east of Apassnaja[51]
—
 18 April 1944 06:30 Yak-9 northwest of Sevastopol[53]
39 2 March 1944 09:55 Yak-1 Adshin Uschkaj[51] ?[Note 7] 22 April 1944 17:00 Boston vicinity of Balaklava[52]
40 11 March 1944 16:22 Yak-1 south of Michailkowka[51] 74 23 April 1944 06:17 Yak-7 west-northwest of Belbek[53]
41 12 March 1944 07:45 P-40 Kamysch Burun[51] 75 24 April 1944 17:00 Boston west of Balaklava[53]
42 12 March 1944 07:52 P-40 northern Kerch[51] 76 24 April 1944 17:28 Boston east-southeast of Sevastopol[53]
43 13 March 1944 08:35 Il-2 east of Feodosia[51] 77 25 April 1944 14:12 Yak-7 northwest of Balaklava[53]
44 14 March 1944 13:00 LaGG-3 southwest of Saporoshkaja[54] 78 1 May 1944 13:54 Yak-9 west of Belbek[55]
45 16 March 1944 10:10 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] south of Bakssy[54] 79 1 May 1944 14:04 Yak-9 west of Akhis[55]
46 16 March 1944 10:11 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] northeast of Bakssy[54] 80 6 May 1944 15:58 Yak-7 west of Belbek[55]
47 16 March 1944 10:12 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] southeast of Bakssy[54] 81 6 May 1944 15:59 Yak-7 south-southwest of Belbek[55]
48 16 March 1944 10:13 P-40 southwest of Bakssy[54] 82 6 May 1944 16:00 Yak-7 southeast of Belbek[55]
49 17 March 1944 09:18 LaGG-3 east of Feodosia[54] 83♠ 7 May 1944 12:21 Yak-9 southeast of Balaklava[55]
50 17 March 1944 09:20 LaGG-3 east of Feodosia[54] 84♠ 7 May 1944 12:24 P-40 north of Balaklava[55]
51 17 March 1944 09:21 LaGG-3 east of Feodosia[54] 85♠ 7 May 1944 12:26 P-40 north-northeast of Balaklava[55]
52 17 March 1944 09:23 LaGG-3 east of Feodosia[54] 86♠ 7 May 1944 16:55 P-40 northeast of Balaklava[56]
53 26 March 1944 09:23 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] south of Sacharowka[54] 87♠ 7 May 1944 17:03 Yak-7 north of Balaklava[56]
54 26 March 1944 16:07 Yak-1 northwest of Tschigary[54] 88♠ 7 May 1944 17:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] northwest of Balaklava[56]
55 26 March 1944 16:08 Yak-1 south of Tschigary[54] 89♠ 7 May 1944 17:07 Yak-7 south of Balaklava[56]
—
 3 April 1944 10:02 Yak-7 south of Cape Takyl[47] 90♠ 7 May 1944 17:08 Yak-7 north of Balaklava[56]
—
 3 April 1944 10:03 Yak-7 southeast of Cape Takyl[47] 91♠ 7 May 1944 17:10 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] west-southwest of Balaklava[56]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[57]
Eastern Front — September – November 1944
92 17 September 1944 17:25 IAR 80 south of Thorenburg[58] 110 21 October 1944 10:56 Yak-11 south-southeast of Szolnok[59]
93 17 September 1944 17:35 He 111 north of Frata[58] 111 21 October 1944 10:58 Yak-11 south of Szolnok[59]
94 19 September 1944 17:45?[Note 8] Yak-11 south of Thorenburg[58] 112 23 October 1944 15:34 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] southeast of Szolnok[59]
95 19 September 1944 17:46 Yak-11 south-southwest of Thorenburg[58] 113 30 October 1944 13:21 MiG-3 west of Nyíregyháza[59]
96 23 September 1944 10:40 Yak-9 east of Thorenburg[58] 114 30 October 1944 13:24 MiG-3 south-southeast of Nyíregyháza[59]
97 24 September 1944 11:40 La-5 northwest of Ceanul[58] 115 31 October 1944 08:21 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] southeast of Szolnok[59]
98 24 September 1944 11:42 La-5 east of Moinești[58] 116?[Note 5] 31 October 1944 14:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] east of Cegléd[59]
99 24 September 1944 14:20 La-5 east-southeast of Thorenburg[58] 117 31 October 1944 14:17 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] southeast of Cegléd[59]
100 24 September 1944 14:27 La-5 south of Tureni[58] 118 31 October 1944 14:19 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] north of Nagykőrös[59]
101 25 September 1944 09:35 IAR 80?[Note 9] south of Thorenburg[58] 119♠?[Note 5] 1 November 1944 14:02 Yak-9 east of Kecskemét[59]
102 25 September 1944 09:37 IAR 80 southwest of Thorenburg[58] 120♠ 1 November 1944 14:03 Yak-9 north of Kecskemét[59]
103 25 September 1944 09:46?[Note 10] IAR 80 south of Thorenburg[58] 121♠ 1 November 1944 14:05 Yak-9 south-southwest of Abony[59]
104 25 September 1944 11:30 La-5 north-northeast of Thorenburg[58] 122♠ 1 November 1944 14:06 Yak-9 south of Nagykőrös[59]
105 16 October 1944 15:50 La-5 southwest of Derecske[58] 123♠ 1 November 1944 14:09 Il-2 east of Kecskemét[59]
106 16 October 1944 15:54 La-5 south of Derecske[58] 124 7 November 1944 16:05 La-5 north-northeast of Abony[59]
107 18 October 1944 13:30 Yak-9 north of Mikepércs[58] 125 13 November 1944 09:02 Yak-11 south-southwest of Tápiószele[59]
108 18 October 1944 13:34 Yak-9 northeast of Mikepércs[59] 126 13 November 1944 09:05 Yak-11 south-southwest of Tápiószele[59]
109 19 October 1944 09:21 Yak-7 west-northwest of Debrecen[59] 127 13 November 1944 12:20 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] north of Jászberény[59]
—
 19 October 1944 18:00?[Note 11] La-5 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Szolnok[59]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[60]
Eastern Front — 1 March – 8 May 1945
128 8 March 1945 16:24 Yak-3 3 km (1.9 mi) southwest of Aba[26] 138 19 March 1945 14:56 Yak-3 north of Stuhlweißenburg[26]
129 8 March 1945 16:27 Yak-3 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Aba[26] 139 19 March 1945 15:03 La-5 south-southwest of Stuhlweißenburg[26]
130 9 March 1945 13:51 La-5 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Káloz[26]
—
 20 March 1945 14:05 P-51 10 km (6.2 mi) west-southwest of Veszprém[26]
131 9 March 1945 13:53 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] 18 km (11 mi) east of Káloz[26] 140 5 April 1945 13:32 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] west of Götzendorf[26]
—
 11 March 1945 13:23 Yak-9 southwest of Sebedražie[26] 141 5 April 1945 13:33 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] southwest of Götzendorf[26]
—
 11 March 1945 13:26 Yak-9 south of Polgárdi[26] 142 9 April 1945 08:53 Boston Mödling[26]
132 11 March 1945 15:21?[Note 12] Yak-9 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of Káloz[26] 143 9 April 1945 08:54 Boston northeast of Mödling[26]
133 14 March 1945 12:55 Boston 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Aba[26] 144 10 April 1945 12:23 Yak-3 east of Enzersdorf[26]
—
 16 March 1945 13:55 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] south of Pákozd[26] 145 10 April 1945 12:27 La-5 west of Enzersdorf[26]
—
 16 March 1945 13:56 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] north of Stuhlweißenburg[26] 146 13 April 1945 14:50 Yak-3 Vienna[26]
134 16 March 1945 13:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Pákozd[26] 147 13 April 1945 14:52 Yak-3 north of Simmering[26]
135 16 March 1945 13:59 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Pákozd[26] 148 13 April 1945 14:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] north-northwest of Sievering[26]
136 16 March 1945 14:01 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] 6 km (3.7 mi) northeast of Pákozd[26] 149 13 April 1945 15:03 Yak-9 west of Neuwaldegg[26]
—
 18 March 1945 14:05 Yak-3 3 km (1.9 mi) southeast of Káloz[26] 150 15 April 1945 09:12 Yak-9 east of Kostel train station[26]
137 19 March 1945 11:52 Il-2 m.H.[Note 3] Stuhlweißenburg[26]

Awards

Dates of rank

21 September 1943: Feldwebel (Technical Sergeant), effective as of 1 October 1943[71]
1 February 1944: Leutnant (Second Lieutenant)[72]

Notes

  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[3]
  2. ^ According to Weal, Düttmann claimed 5. Staffel's 500th aerial victory on 25 July 1943.[11]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  4. ^ This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[42]
  5. ^ a b c According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim is unconfirmed.[48]
  6. ^ This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[52]
  7. ^ This claim is not listed by Barbas.[53]
  8. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 17:46.[52]
  9. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman, claimed as a Yakovlev Yak-5.[52]
  10. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:40.[52]
  11. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 08:00.[52]
  12. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:21.[60]
  13. ^ According to Obermaier and original award document on 8 February 1944.[1][65]
  14. ^ According to Von Seemen and Weal on 9 May 1944.[69][70]

Works

  • Düttmann, Peter (2002). Klinnert, Falk (ed.). Wir kämpften in einsamen Höhen [We Fought in Lonely Heights] (in German). Leipzig, Germany: Kunst- & Verlagsbuchbinderei.

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 104.
  2. ^ Bode 2008, p. 118.
  3. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  4. ^ Braatz 2010, pp. 84, 86.
  5. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 248.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 374.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 325, 375.
  8. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 383.
  9. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 398.
  10. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 342–343, 386.
  11. ^ Weal 2004, p. 95.
  12. ^ a b c d Dixon 2023, p. 114.
  13. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 399.
  14. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 395.
  15. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 318.
  16. ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 155–156.
  17. ^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 205.
  18. ^ Bergström 2008, pp. 47–48.
  19. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 158.
  20. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 288.
  21. ^ Bergström 2008, p. 51.
  22. ^ Schreier 1990, p. 177.
  23. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  24. ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 174, 322.
  25. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 286.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Barbas 2005, p. 372.
  27. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 115.
  28. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
  29. ^ Spick 1996, p. 229.
  30. ^ Weal 2001, p. 81.
  31. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 248–251.
  32. ^ Horvath & Horvath 2022, pp. 77–93.
  33. ^ Planquadrat.
  34. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 248–249.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 389.
  36. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 384.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 385.
  38. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 390.
  39. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 386.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 387.
  41. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 393.
  42. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 394.
  43. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 388.
  44. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 249–250.
  45. ^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 191.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barbas 2005, p. 358.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h Barbas 2005, p. 362.
  48. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 249, 251.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Barbas 2005, p. 363.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i Barbas 2005, p. 359.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barbas 2005, p. 360.
  52. ^ a b c d e f Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 250.
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h i Barbas 2005, p. 364.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Barbas 2005, p. 361.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h Barbas 2005, p. 365.
  56. ^ a b c d e f Barbas 2005, p. 366.
  57. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 250–251.
  58. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Barbas 2005, p. 368.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Barbas 2005, p. 369.
  60. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 251.
  61. ^ Düttmann 2002, p. 219: award document
  62. ^ Düttmann 2002, p. 220: award document
  63. ^ Düttmann 2002, p. 221: award document
  64. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 70.
  65. ^ Düttmann 2002, p. 224: award document
  66. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 95.
  67. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 167.
  68. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 283.
  69. ^ Von Seemen 1976, p. 115.
  70. ^ Weal 2004, p. 106.
  71. ^ Düttmann 2002, p. 222: rank document
  72. ^ Düttmann 2002, p. 226: rank document

Bibliography

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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish] (2008). Bagration to Berlin—The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945. Burgess Hill: Classic Publications. ISBN 978-1-903223-91-8.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  • Bode, Andreas (2008). Herzog, Markwart (ed.). Fussball zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus: Alltag, Medien, Künste, Stars [Football at the Time of National Socialism: Everyday Life, Media, Arts, Stars] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Kohlhammer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-17-020103-3.
  • Braatz, Kurt [in German] (2010). Walter Krupinski - Jagdflieger, Geheimagent, General [Walter Krupinski - Fighter Pilot, Spy, General] (in German). Moosburg, Germany: NeunundzwanzigSechs Verlag. ISBN 978-3-9811615-5-7.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Horvath, Daniel; Horvath, Gabor (2022). Verified Victories: Top JG 52 Aces Over Hungary 1944–45. Warwick, UK: Helion & Company. ISBN 978-1-915070-87-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/II—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/II—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-28-4.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
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  • Weal, John (2001). Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 37. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-084-1.
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  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.
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