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Skradin

Coordinates: 43°49′N 15°55′E / 43.817°N 15.917°E / 43.817; 15.917
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Skradin
Town
Grad Skradin
Town of Skradin
View of Skradin
View of Skradin
Skradin is located in Croatia
Skradin
Skradin
Location of Skradin within Croatia
Coordinates: 43°49′N 15°55′E / 43.817°N 15.917°E / 43.817; 15.917
Country Croatia
County Šibenik-Knin
Government
 • MayorAntonijo Brajković (HDZ)
Area
[1]
 • Town
184.2 km2 (71.1 sq mi)
 • Urban
1.1 km2 (0.4 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Town
3,349
 • Density18/km2 (47/sq mi)
 • Urban
508
 • Urban density460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
22222
Area code022
Websitegrad-skradin.hr

Skradin (Italian: Scardona) is a small town in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia. It is located near the Krka river and at the entrance to the Krka National Park, 17 km (11 mi) from Šibenik and 100 km (62 mi) from Split. The main attraction of the park, Slapovi Krke, is a series of waterfalls, the biggest of which, Skradinski buk, was named after Skradin.

History

During Antiquity, the city was known as Scardon and Scardona, a name attested in the writings of Strabo and Procopius (Ancient Greek: Σκάρδων), Pliny the Elder (Latin: Scardona) and Ptolemy (Ancient Greek: Σκaρδῶνα).[3]

Before the Roman conquest, the settlement was Illyrian, with the particularity of having the locally recurring suffix -ona.[4] The prevailing theory links the root of the Illyrian toponym to a term meaning "steep", as a derivation of *sko/ard(h)-,[5][6] and it has been compared with the Scardus mountains in southern Illyria.[7] After an initial development in Vulgar Latin in the form -una, the Illyrian suffix was reflected in South Slavic as -in.[8][9] The survival of several of such toponyms in the area (e.g. Solin from Salona, Labin from Albona etc) points to the continuation of Illyrian settlements since ancient times.[8] Another, more peripheral, theory says the root of the name might be related to that of the Scordisci, a Celtic or Illyrian tribe.[3][10] Though initially located in present-day Eastern Slavonia and Syrmia,[11] the Scordisci might have been allied with the local tribe of the Dalmatae, as mercenaries, which would explain their presence in Dalmatia.[12]

After the Roman conquest, Skradin became an administrative and military centre of the region, and was mentioned as a municipium in 530.[9] It was destroyed during the Migration Period, and had by the 9th century been settled by Croats.[citation needed]

During the 10th century, it was one of the fortified towns in Croatia, as the centre of the Skradin županija.[citation needed]

Skradin under Šubić rule

Turina Fortress above the town

In the late 13th and early 14th centuries, Skradin flourished as the capital of the Šubić bans, Paul I and Mladen II. The Šubić's built the Turina fortress on the hill overlooking the Skradin harbor.[13] They elevated the settlement below the fortress to a free city, at which point it also became a commune, and was granted its own statute and administration.[14][15][16] They further enriched the city by constructing several richly-endowed monasteries which housed the Dominicans, Franciscans and other Christian orders.[17]

Decline and Ottoman conquest

Skradin after Ottoman conquest in 1574

Skradin was conquered by the Ottomans in 1522 and remain part of the Ottoman Empire until 1684, with a few interruptions. During the Ottoman–Venetian wars, the town was devastated and subsequently relocated.[9]

In October 1683, some uskoks from Venetian Dalmatia, mainly Morlachs from Ravni Kotari, rose up against the Sanjak-bey of Klis and took Skradin and several other border towns which had been deserted by their Ottoman Muslim population, who was fearing an attack by the Morlachs.[18][19] The Venetians finally took Skradin in 1684 and the town recovered under their rule, during the 18th century, becoming the center of a municipality in 1705.[9]

Later, it was occupied by Napoleon as part of the French Empire, then Austria-Hungary.

In time it lost its importance as the centre of the region, which shifted to Šibenik, and so it stagnated - the Diocese of Skradin was abandoned in 1828.[20]

Population

Town of Skradin: Population trends 1857–2021
population
4997
5711
5865
6055
7019
7663
8454
8634
9316
10135
10294
9585
8716
8027
3986
3825
3349
18571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021
Sources: Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications

The municipality has a total population of 3,349 (2021 census). Its population is divided into the following settlements:[21]

Notable people

References

  1. ^ Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia. Wikidata Q119585703.
  2. ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
  3. ^ a b Pavlović, Milivoj (1966). "Les traces des Celtes en Illyricum" [Traces of the Celts in Illyricum]. In Blok, Dirk Peter (ed.). Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Onomastic Sciences. Amsterdam: Mouton. p. 373. ISBN 9783110995152.
  4. ^ Wilkes, John (1996). The Illyrians. The Peoples of Europe. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 71.
  5. ^ Georgiev, Vladimir (1981). Introduction to the History of the Indo-European Languages. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. p. 172.
  6. ^ Polomé, Edgar G. (1966). "The Position of Illyrian and Venetic". In Birnbaum, Henrik; Puhvel, Jaan (eds.). Ancient Indo-European Dialects. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 61.
  7. ^ Lafe, Genc (2022). "I rapporti tra toponimi e voci ereditate dell'albanese sulla base dell'analisi della loro evoluzione fonetica". In Shaban Sinani; Francesco Altimari; Matteo Mandalà (eds.). Albanologu i arvanitëve "Atje kam u shpirtin tim...". Academy of Sciences of Albania. pp. 355–370. ISBN 978-9928-339-74-4. p. 363.
  8. ^ a b Ureland, P.S. (2003). Convergence and Divergence of European Languages. Studies in eurolinguistics. Logos. p. 356.
  9. ^ a b c d Detelić, Mirjana (2007). Epski gradovi. Leksikon [Epic Cities. A lexicon]. Belgrade: Balkanološkog instituta SANU. pp. 389–390. ISBN 9788671790406..
  10. ^ Shaposhnikov, Alexander K. (2016). "Materialy k jetimologicheskomu slovarju slavjanskih drevnostej Grecii II" [Materials for the etymological dictionary of Slavic antiquities of Greece II]. Proceedings of the V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute. 8: 178.
  11. ^ Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2005). Appian and Illyricum. Ljubljana: Narodni muzej Slovenije. p. 142. ISBN 9789616169363.
  12. ^ Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2005). Appian and Illyricum. Ljubljana: Narodni muzej Slovenije. p. 302. ISBN 9789616169363.
  13. ^ "Turina i dalje u mraku - grad spomenik gubi identitet > Slobodna Dalmacija". Archived from the original on 2019-04-16. Retrieved 2019-04-16.
  14. ^ Erceg, Anđela (29 September 2017). Kulturna i politička povijest grada Skradina u 19. Stoljeću (info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis). University of Zagreb. Department of Croatian Studies. Division of Croatology.
  15. ^ Klaić, Nada (24 December 1980). "How Skradin Liberated Itself from the Supremacy of the Princes of Bribir". Prilozi Povijesti Umjetnosti U Dalmaciji. 22 (1): 30–40.
  16. ^ Pezelj, Vilma; Erent Sunko, Zrinka; Harašić, Žaklina (2018). "Pravni položaj žene po odredbama srednjovjekovnog Skradinskog statuta". Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta U Splitu. 55 (4): 721–754. doi:10.31141/zrpfs.2018.55.130.721. S2CID 189512517.
  17. ^ "Skradin | Hrvatska enciklopedija".
  18. ^ Samardžić, Radovan (1990). Seobe srpskog naroda od XIV do XX veka: zbornik radova posvećen tristagodišnjici velike seobe Srba [Migrations of the Serbian people from the 14th to the 20th century: a collection of works dedicated to the three hundredth anniversary of the great migration of the Serbs] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva. p. 22. ISBN 9788617015631.
  19. ^ Mayhew, Tea (2008). Dalmatia between Ottoman and Venetian Rule: Contado di Zara 1645-1718. Rome: Viella. p. 196. ISBN 9788883343346.
  20. ^ Naklada Naprijed, The Croatian Adriatic Tourist Guide, pg. 209, Zagreb (1999), ISBN 953-178-097-8
  21. ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
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