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Solar eclipse of June 21, 2020

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Solar eclipse of June 21, 2020
Annularity as seen from Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma0.1209
Magnitude0.994
Maximum eclipse
Duration38 s (0 min 38 s)
Coordinates30°30′N 79°42′E / 30.5°N 79.7°E / 30.5; 79.7
Max. width of band21 km (13 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse6:41:15
References
Saros137 (36 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)9553

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Sunday, June 21, 2020,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] with a magnitude of 0.994. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 6.2 days after apogee (on June 15, 2020, at 1:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[8]

The effect of the solar eclipse (Moon shadow) on Terra satellite image In this photo, the shadow of the Moon has fallen over Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. date: 2020-06-21

Path

The path of this annular eclipse passed through parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Eritrea in Africa; the southern Arabian Peninsula, including Yemen, Oman, and southern Saudi Arabia; parts of South Asia and the Himalayas, including southern Pakistan and northern India; and parts of East Asia, including South China and Taiwan.[9] A partial eclipse was visible throughout much of the rest of Africa, Southeast Europe, most of Asia, and in New Guinea and northern Australia just before sunset. In Europe, the partial eclipse was visible to places southeast of the line passing through parts of Italy, Hungary, Ukraine, and southwestern Russia.[9]

Animated path of the eclipse
Animation of images from Himawari 8 showing the Moon's shadow moving across the Earth.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[10]

June 21, 2020 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2020 June 21 at 03:47:09.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2020 June 21 at 04:48:54.2 UTC
First Central Line 2020 June 21 at 04:49:37.4 UTC
Greatest Duration 2020 June 21 at 04:49:37.4 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2020 June 21 at 04:50:20.7 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2020 June 21 at 05:52:48.7 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2020 June 21 at 06:41:15.4 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2020 June 21 at 06:42:34.5 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2020 June 21 at 06:42:36.6 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2020 June 21 at 07:29:41.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2020 June 21 at 08:32:11.3 UTC
Last Central Line 2020 June 21 at 08:32:51.7 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2020 June 21 at 08:33:32.0 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2020 June 21 at 09:35:13.9 UTC
June 21, 2020 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.99401
Eclipse Obscuration 0.98806
Gamma 0.12090
Sun Right Ascension 06h01m33.0s
Sun Declination +23°26'09.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'44.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7"
Moon Right Ascension 06h01m30.2s
Moon Declination +23°32'56.7"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'24.0"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°56'31.1"
ΔT 70.0 s

Eclipse season

See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of June–July 2020
June 5
Descending node (full moon)
 June 21
Ascending node (new moon)
 July 5
Descending node (full moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 111		 Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 137		 Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 149

Eclipses in 2020

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 137

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 2018–2021

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[11]

The partial solar eclipses on February 15, 2018 and August 11, 2018 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2018 to 2021
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117

Partial in Melbourne, Australia 		July 13, 2018

Partial 		−1.35423 122

Partial in Nakhodka, Russia 		January 6, 2019

Partial 		1.14174
127

Totality in La Serena, Chile 		July 2, 2019

Total 		−0.64656 132

Annularity in Jaffna, Sri Lanka 		December 26, 2019

Annular 		0.41351
137

Annularity in Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan 		June 21, 2020

Annular 		0.12090 142

Totality in Gorbea, Chile 		December 14, 2020

Total 		−0.29394
147

Partial in Halifax, Canada 		June 10, 2021

Annular 		0.91516 152

From HMS Protector off South Georgia 		December 4, 2021

Total 		−0.95261

Saros 137

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 137, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 25, 1389. It contains total eclipses from August 20, 1533 through December 6, 1695; the first set of hybrid eclipses from December 17, 1713 through February 11, 1804; the first set of annular eclipses from February 21, 1822 through March 25, 1876; the second set of hybrid eclipses from April 6, 1894 through April 28, 1930; and the second set of annular eclipses from May 9, 1948 through April 13, 2507. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 28, 2633. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 2 minutes, 55 seconds on September 10, 1569, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 59 at 7 minutes, 5 seconds on February 28, 2435. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[12]

Series members 24–46 occur between 1801 and 2200:
24 25 26

February 11, 1804
February 21, 1822
March 4, 1840
27 28 29

March 15, 1858
March 25, 1876
April 6, 1894
30 31 32

April 17, 1912
April 28, 1930
May 9, 1948
33 34 35

May 20, 1966
May 30, 1984
June 10, 2002
36 37 38

June 21, 2020
July 2, 2038
July 12, 2056
39 40 41

July 24, 2074
August 3, 2092
August 15, 2110
42 43 44

August 25, 2128
September 6, 2146
September 16, 2164
45 46

September 27, 2182
October 9, 2200

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between June 21, 1982 and June 21, 2058
June 21 April 8–9 January 26 November 13–14 September 1–2
117 119 121 123 125

June 21, 1982
April 9, 1986
January 26, 1990
November 13, 1993
September 2, 1997
127 129 131 133 135

June 21, 2001
April 8, 2005
January 26, 2009
November 13, 2012
September 1, 2016
137 139 141 143 145

June 21, 2020
April 8, 2024
January 26, 2028
November 14, 2031
September 2, 2035
147 149 151 153 155

June 21, 2039
April 9, 2043
January 26, 2047
November 14, 2050
September 2, 2054
157

June 21, 2058

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

March 4, 1802
(Saros 117)
February 1, 1813
(Saros 118)
January 1, 1824
(Saros 119)
November 30, 1834
(Saros 120)
October 30, 1845
(Saros 121)

September 29, 1856
(Saros 122)
August 29, 1867
(Saros 123)
July 29, 1878
(Saros 124)
June 28, 1889
(Saros 125)
May 28, 1900
(Saros 126)

April 28, 1911
(Saros 127)
March 28, 1922
(Saros 128)
February 24, 1933
(Saros 129)
January 25, 1944
(Saros 130)
December 25, 1954
(Saros 131)

November 23, 1965
(Saros 132)
October 23, 1976
(Saros 133)
September 23, 1987
(Saros 134)
August 22, 1998
(Saros 135)
July 22, 2009
(Saros 136)

June 21, 2020
(Saros 137)
May 21, 2031
(Saros 138)
April 20, 2042
(Saros 139)
March 20, 2053
(Saros 140)
February 17, 2064
(Saros 141)

January 16, 2075
(Saros 142)
December 16, 2085
(Saros 143)
November 15, 2096
(Saros 144)
October 16, 2107
(Saros 145)
September 15, 2118
(Saros 146)

August 15, 2129
(Saros 147)
July 14, 2140
(Saros 148)
June 14, 2151
(Saros 149)
May 14, 2162
(Saros 150)
April 12, 2173
(Saros 151)

March 12, 2184
(Saros 152)
February 10, 2195
(Saros 153)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

November 9, 1817
(Saros 130)
October 20, 1846
(Saros 131)
September 29, 1875
(Saros 132)

September 9, 1904
(Saros 133)
August 21, 1933
(Saros 134)
July 31, 1962
(Saros 135)

July 11, 1991
(Saros 136)
June 21, 2020
(Saros 137)
May 31, 2049
(Saros 138)

May 11, 2078
(Saros 139)
April 23, 2107
(Saros 140)
April 1, 2136
(Saros 141)

March 12, 2165
(Saros 142)
February 21, 2194
(Saros 143)

References

  1. ^ "June 21, 2020 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  2. ^ Rao, Joe (June 20, 2020). "'Ring of fire' solar eclipse 2020: Here's how it works (and what to expect)". Space.com.
  3. ^ Elassar, Alaa (June 21, 2020). "Astronauts are spending Father's Day in space watching the solar eclipse". CNN.
  4. ^ Taylor, Alan. "Photos: A Solstice 'Ring of Fire' Solar Eclipse - The Atlantic". www.theatlantic.com.
  5. ^ "Cloudy skies block view of annular solar eclipse in Hyderabad". June 22, 2020 – via The Economic Times - The Times of India.
  6. ^ "Annular solar eclipse prompts excitement across Taiwan". Taiwan News. June 21, 2020.
  7. ^ "Annular solar eclipse of 2020 Jun 21". Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  8. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Annular Solar Eclipse on June 21, 2020". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved 2019-12-26.
  10. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2020 Jun 21". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  11. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  12. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 137". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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