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Stenosis

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Stenosis
Other namesStenoses
CT scan of a bronchial stenosis (arrow) that resulted from tracheobronchial injury
Pronunciation

Stenosis (from Ancient Greek στενός (stenós) 'narrow') is the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture).[3]

Stricture as a term is usually used when narrowing is caused by contraction of smooth muscle (e.g. achalasia, prinzmetal angina); stenosis is usually used when narrowing is caused by lesion that reduces the space of lumen (e.g. atherosclerosis).[4] The term coarctation is another synonym,[5] but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation.[6][7]

Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis after a procedure.[8]

Examples

Examples of vascular stenotic lesions include:

Types

In heart valves

The types of stenoses in heart valves are:

Elsewhere

Stenoses/strictures of other bodily structures/organs include:

Causes

Diagnosis

Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with unusual blood sounds resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This sound can be made audible by a stethoscope, but diagnosis is generally made or confirmed with some form of medical imaging (such as ultrasound).[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989, as /stɪˈnəʊsɪs/.
  2. ^ "Definition of STENOSIS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  3. ^ "Dorlands Medical Dictionary:stenosis". www.mercksource.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  4. ^ "Atherosclerosis - What Is Atherosclerosis?". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 24 March 2022.
  5. ^ "coarctation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  6. ^ "Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)". American Heart Association.
  7. ^ Groenemeijer, B. E.; Bakker, A.; Slis, H. W.; Waalewijn, R. A.; Heijmen, R. H. (July 2008). "An unexpected finding late after repair of coarctation of the aorta". Netherlands Heart Journal. 16 (7): 260–263. doi:10.1007/bf03086158. PMC 2516290. PMID 18711614.
  8. ^ Forgos, Richard N. (August 2004). "Restenosis After Angioplasty and Stenting".
  9. ^ "Carotid Artery Stenosis". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  10. ^ Takekawa, Hidehiro; Tsukui, Daisuke; Kobayasi, Saro; Suzuki, Keisuke; Hamaguchi, Hirotoshi (October 2022). "Ultrasound diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis and occlusion". Journal of Medical Ultrasonics. 49 (4): 675–687. doi:10.1007/s10396-022-01259-7. PMID 36175716. S2CID 252622616.