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Tai Wai

Coordinates: 22°22′32″N 114°10′43″E / 22.375674°N 114.178627°E / 22.375674; 114.178627 (Tai Wai Village)
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For the village in Yuen Long District, see Tai Wai Tsuen (Yuen Long District). For other uses, see Tai Wai (disambiguation).

Tai Wai
Tai Wai area is the home of several historic villages. This is the entrance gate of Chik Chuen Wai aka. Tai Wai.
Traditional Chinese大圍
Simplified Chinese大围
Literal meaningBig Encirclement
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinDàwéi
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationDaai wàih
JyutpingDaai3 wai4
IPAtāːi wɐ̏i
Aerial view of Sha Tin (foreground), Tai Wai (centre) and the Shing Mun River, looking southwest. The mountains at the back mark the limit between the New Territories and New Kowloon, which is located beyond.
Tai Wai on the "Map of the San-On District" by Simeone Volonteri (1866)
View of Sha Tin New Town under development in 1983, looking northeast toward the Shing Mun River and Tolo Harbour. Tai Wai is in the foreground.
Aerial view of Tai Wai Village and surrounding area in 2018.

Tai Wai (Chinese: 大圍 /ˌtaɪ ˈwaɪ/) is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong, located between Sha Tin and the Lion Rock, within the Sha Tin District.

With three rapid transit stations, one of which an interchange station serving two lines, five bus termini and several trunk roads and tunnels connecting it to other parts of the New Territories, such as Tsuen Wan, and Kowloon, Tai Wai is an important transport node in Hong Kong.

Geography

Tai Wai occupies the southwestern end of the Sha Tin Valley. The Sha Tin area is located directly northeast of Tai Wai. Hill ranges separate Tai Wai from New Kowloon in the south, and from Tsuen Wan in the west. The Tai Wai Nullah, sometimes referred to as the upper stream of Shing Mun River, flows through Tai Wai, where it joins the Shing Mun River. The Shing Mun River then flows in a southwest–northeast direction across the Sha Tin Valley towards Tolo Harbour.

History

Sprouting from traditional farming villages growing rice, vegetables and fruits, such as choy sum, Chinese broccoli, bamboo, banana, peach, and lychee, Tai Wai area once functioned as a light suburban industrial park in the 1970s. Few factory buildings are still in use, mostly as warehouses.[1] The current urbanization of the area is the consequence of the development of Sha Tin New Town that started in the 1970s.

Tai Wai Village, where the name of the area came from, was the largest and oldest walled village in Sha Tin. It was built in 1574 during the Ming dynasty,[2] and was called Chik Chuen Wai (Chinese: 積存圍) at the time. It was originally made up of 16 families, Wai (韋), Chan (陳), Ng (吳), Yeung (楊), Wong (黃), Lee (李), Hui (許), Cheng (鄭), Tong (唐), Yuen (袁), Yau (游), Lam (林), Lok (駱), Tam (譚), Mok (莫) and Choy (蔡).

The Wai family, being the largest family, is thought to be the direct descendants of the famous founder general of the Han dynasty, Han Xin, who purportedly fled there to escape executions ordered by Emperor Gao of Han's empress Empress Lü Zhi. The Han descendants changed their surname into Wai by splitting the word Han (韓) in two halves and took up the character on the right hand side, Wai (韋).

The Cheng family, on the other hand, originated from a place called Xingyang in Zhengzhou, Henan which is the place where Chang'e supposedly flew to the Moon. It is also the birthplace of Li Shangyin, one of the most famous poets in the late Tang dynasty.

Tai Wai appears on the "Map of the San-On District", published in 1866 by Simeone Volonteri.[3]

The first public housing estate built in the area was Mei Lam Estate, with the first two blocks of its Phase 1 completed in 1981. Tai Wai station opened in August 1983.

Electoral constituencies

Tai Wai covers 11 of the 38 constituencies[citation needed] in Sha Tin District, as defined at the time of the 2015 Hong Kong District Council elections.[needs update] They are: Chun Fung (秦豐, R10), Sun Tin Wai (新田圍, R11), Chui Tin (翠田, R12), Hin Ka (顯嘉, R13), Lower Shing Mun (下城門, R14), Wan Shing (雲城, R15), Keng Hau (徑口, R16), Tin Sum (田心, R17), Chui Ka (翠嘉, R18), Tai Wai (大圍, R19), Chung Tin (松田, R20).[4][5]

Demographics

Tai Wai is composed largely of low to medium income households of different ethnic backgrounds ranging from local Chinese to Westerners. According to the 2016 Population By-census, the number of persons living in Tai Wai was as follows:[6]

Constituency Male Female Total
Chun Fung (R10) 7,131 8,135 15,266
Sun Tin Wai (R11) 7,507 8,621 16,128
Chui Tin (R12) 7,166 8,078 15,244
Hin Ka (R13) 5,736 6,458 12,194
Lower Shing Mun (R14) 8,614 9,520 18,134
Wan Shing (R15) 9,799 12,470 22,269
Keng Hau (R16) 9,548 11,397 20,945
Tin Sum (R17) 7,063 7,450 14,513
Chui Ka (R18) 7,649 8,583 16,232
Tai Wai (R19) 9,139 11,127 20,266
Chung Tin (R20) 6,649 8,115 14,764
Total 86,001 99,954 185,955

Housing

Housing estates in Tai Wai, including King Tin Court, Sun Chui Estate and Man Lai Court. The Hong Kong Heritage Museum is visible at the bottom left.

A large part of the population of Tai Wai lives in public housing estates. Privately owned apartment blocks are also common and higher income luxury housing is also available in various parts of Tai Wai. Hundreds of three-storey village houses (some western styled, others more traditional) can be found in the villages of the area.

Public housing

Mei Fung House of Mei Lam Estate, built in 1981.
Hin Keng Estate and Ka Keng Court, with Lion Rock in the background.
Main article: Public housing estates in Tai Wai

The table below lists all the public housing estates in Tai Wai, including Public Rental Housing (Public), Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) and Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS).

Name Type Inaug. No Blocks No Units Notes
Carado Garden 雲疊花園 PSPS 1990 6 1,988
Chun Shek Estate 秦石邨 Public 1984 4 2,166
Fung Shing Court 豐盛苑 HOS 1985 3 2,448
Grandway Garden 富嘉花園 PSPS 1989 3 864
Hin Keng Estate 顯徑邨 TPS 1986 8 1,004
Hin Yiu Estate 顯耀邨 Public 2005 1 799
Holford Garden 海福花園 PSPS 1985 3 800
Ka Keng Court 嘉徑苑 HOS 2002 2 640
Ka Tin Court 嘉田苑 HOS 1988 6 1,680
King Tin Court 景田苑 HOS 1983 6 1,424
Lung Hang Estate 隆亨邨 Public 1983 6 4,376
May Shing Court 美城苑 HOS 1982 3 2,192
Mei Chung Court 美松苑 HOS 1996 6 1,940
Mei Lam Estate 美林邨 Public 1981 4 4,156
Mei Tin Estate 美田邨 Public 2006 4 3,164
Sun Chui Estate 新翠邨 Public 1983 8 6,692
Sun Tin Wai Estate 新田圍邨 Public 1981 8 3,430

Private housing estates

See also: Private housing estates in Sha Tin District

Festival City

Final stages of the construction of Festival City, in 2011.

Festival City (名城) is a HK$20 billion residential development project by Cheung Kong and MTR Corporation located above the Tai Wai (Station) Maintenance Centre. Phase I was completed in September 2010, Phase II in October 2011, and Phase III in August 2012. The plan was to build 12 50-stories high residential towers with a total construction area of 313,955 square meters as well as 25,890 square meters for the general public's use. It offers 4,264 flats to families, two schools and one community facility. This residential project raised the population of Tai Wai significantly. The controversy of this project is that the 12 towers would create an urban heat island effect and block off the air flow of the area.[7][8]

Other estates

Entrance of The Great Hill along Tung Lo Wan Hill Road.

Other private housing estates in Tai Wai include:

  • Glamour Garden (金輝花園)
  • Golden Lion Gardens (金獅花園)
  • Grandeur Garden (金禧花園)
  • Granville Garden (恆峰花園)
  • Greenview Garden (愉景花園)
  • Julimount Garden (瑞峰花園)
  • Lakeview Garden (湖景花園)
  • Man Lai Court (文禮閣)
  • Parc Royale (聚龍居)
  • Park View Garden (翠景花園)
  • Peak One (壹號雲頂)
  • Pristine Villa (曉翠山莊)
  • Sha Tin Heights (沙田嶺)
  • The Great Hill (嘉御山)
  • The Met. Acappella (薈蕎)
  • The Pavilia Farm (柏傲莊)
  • Worldwide Gardens (世界花園)

Villages

Aerial view of Ha Keng Hau.
Yeung, Law, and So Ancestral Halls in Hin Tin. The towers in the background are part of Hin Keng Estate.
Three-storey village houses of Tin Sam Village, with the towers of Festival City in the background.
Shrine in Tin Sam Village.

A number of villages exist in Tai Wai and most of them are surrounded by the towers of housing estates.[9] Traditional village layout and some historic buildings can still be found.

  • Tai Wai Village, aka. Chik Chuen Wai (22°22′32″N 114°10′43″E / 22.375674°N 114.178627°E / 22.375674; 114.178627 (Tai Wai Village)). It is located next to Tai Wai station and the main commercial streets of the area. The village was walled to protect the villagers from bandits, pirates and/or unfriendly neighbours. It was rectangular in shape with 4 watch towers at its four corners. The towers and the walls have long been demolished leaving only the entrance gate and part of the front wall. The houses inside the walls are in rows, and many houses have been built outside the walls due to later development.[10] Historic and traditional buildings include the Entrance Gate, a Hau Wong Temple, the Wai Ancestral Hall and several old houses.
  • Tai Wai New Village (大圍新村) (22°22′31″N 114°10′27″E / 22.375376°N 114.174181°E / 22.375376; 114.174181 (Tai Wai New Village)) is located on a slope alongside Tai Po Road, just minutes walk away from the old village. It was established in the 1980s as the then colonial government's effort to compensate the villagers for effectively confiscating their land for development. Each male villager was given a piece of land at a premium of HK$20,000 of which he has the right to build a Spanish-styled 700 sq.ft. three-story house to live in. Most of these houses are now rented by outsiders for the relatively tranquil countryside surroundings. The land occupied by the village was once cultivated for pineapples.[11]

Ha Keng Hau, Sheung Keng Hau and Hin Tin are three adjacent villages located along Hin Keng Street (顯徑街), along a northeast–southwest direction. Hin Keng Estate, located northeast of the villages and across Hin Keng Street, was named after them.

Villages in the vicinity of Che Kung Temple:

Other villages in Tai Wai include:

Retail

Tai Wai Road (大圍道) viewed from Tai Wai Station. The buildings on the left are part of Grandway Garden.

Several public housing estates have a shopping centre. The only private shopping centre was Grandeur Shopping Arcade (金禧商場), located within Grandeur Garden, along Tai Wai Road (大圍道), until The Wai shopping mall opened in 2023.[31]

The Wai (圍方) opened on July 22, 2023.[31] Located on top of Tai Wai Station and below the Pavilia Farm residential complex, the shopping mall covers an area 650,000sq ft across four floors.[32] At the time of its opening, The Wai housed the largest of the then 43 Market Place supermarkets in Hong Kong, covering an area over 20,000sq ft.[33]

Recreational

Hin Keng Sports Centre, at the corner of Che Kung Miu Road and Hin Keng Street.
Hin Tin Swimming Pool

Sports venues

Sports venues in Tai Wai include:

Sports centres

There are three indoor public sport centres in Tai Wai: Che Kung Temple Sports Centre (opened in 2020), Hin Keng Sports Centre (opened in 1988) and Mei Lam Sports Centre (opened in 1986).[34] They are located in or next to major estates, namely Chun Shek Estate, Hin Keng Estate and Mei Lam Estate. They offer a wide range of facilities including a fitness centre with weight training and cardiovascular equipment, squash courts as well as badminton courts. These sport centres are owned and operated by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department; however, the facilities are charged prior to booking with several exceptions.[35][36]

Swimming pool

Hin Tin Swimming Pool (顯田游泳池) is the only public swimming pool in Tai Wai. Opened in 1992, it is operated by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department. It is located along Che Kung Miu Road, between Tai Wai station and Hin Keng station.

Cycling

The Tai Wai Cycling Park, where beginners could practice their cycling skills, was demolished in 2001 to make way for the railway terminus of the Ma On Shan Line. A number of bicycle rental shops can be found in Tai Wai and bicycle lanes run along the Shing Mun River and link Tai Wai to Tai Po, Ma On Shan and Plover Cove Reservoir.[37]

Hiking

Hiking is also a popular activity in Tai Wai. Situated at the end of a valley, Tai Wai is surrounded by country parks: Shing Mun (north), Kam Shan (west), Lion Rock (south) and Ma On Shan (southeast). Sections of the Wilson Trail and the MacLehose Trail run across the hills near Tai Wai.

Food

Some sources mention Tai Wai as being famous for its chicken porridges and roast baby pigeon.[38][39]

Schools

Tai Wai is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 88. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and Shatin Government Primary School (沙田官立小學).[40]

Tai Wai has multiple primary and secondary schools, mostly public, some with religious background. They include:

Religion

Che Kung Temple
ELCHK Living Spirit Lutheran Church

Temples

  • Che Kung Temple: Hundreds of thousands flock to the Taoist Che Kung Temple on the second day of each Chinese New Year to worship Che Kung - a general of the Song dynasty, and queue up to turn the wheel which symbolizes both the cosmic movement in the turning of the year and the hope of each wheel spinner for a good turn of fortune in the forthcoming year.
  • Chi Hong Ching Yuen, also Tze Hong Monastery (慈航靜苑). Located next to Che Kung Temple. It is a Buddhist nunnery established in the early 20th century.[20][41]
  • Koon Ngam Ching Yuen, also Ku Ngam Ching Yuen or Ku Au Tseng Yuen or "Wat Tai Wai" (古巖淨苑) near Lei Uk Tsuen. It is a Chinese Thai temple[42] established in the early 1990s.[20]
  • A Hau Wong Temple is located within Tai Wai walled village. Originally sited outside the walled village, it was moved inside during the reign of Xianfeng (1850–1861).[10] The current temple has replaced an earlier temple, probably built in 1884 and demolished in 1982.[43]
  • Puguangming Temple (普光明寺), near Pak Tin Village and directly north of Mei Chung Court. Contains a controversial private columbarium.[44][45][46]
  • Shun Shin Chee Kit Yin Koon (信善玄宮),[47] near Pak Tin Village and directly west of Mei Chung Court. It also houses a private colombarium.[48]

Christian institutions

  • Tao Fung Shan:
    • Tao Fong Shan Christian Centre
    • Tao Fong Shan Christ Temple
    • Lutheran Theological Seminary[49]
    • ELCHK Living Spirit Lutheran Church
  • ELCHK Salvation Lutheran Church
  • High Rock Centre (基督教靈基營暨中心). Built in 1924 as Shatin Police Station, it became High Rock Christian Camp in 1980.[50]
  • St. Alfred's Church (聖歐爾發堂)[51]
  • Shatin Assembly of God Church (沙田神召會)

Other structures and facilities

Wai Bun Castle

Other historic or otherwise notable buildings and structures in Tai Wai include:

Transport

Exterior of Tai Wai station in 2012.
Interior of Tai Wai station.
Northern portal of Sha Tin Heights Tunnel, in Tai Wai.

MTR

Tai Wai station is on the East Rail line and the Tuen Ma line of the MTR. The northward termini of the East Rail line, Lo Wu and Lok Ma Chau stations, located at the border with Shenzhen, are about 30 minutes away.[56] The station was opened in 1983 and its expansion for the Ma On Shan line was completed in September 2004.

Che Kung Temple station of the Tuen Ma line is also located in the Tai Wai area. It opened in 2004.

In 2002, KCRC won the bid to plan, build and operate the Sha Tin to Central Link,[57] and in 2004 it submitted the Draft Final Proposal to the Government. The March 2008 MTR-KCR revised proposal includes the extension of East Rail line across Victoria Harbour to Hong Kong Island and the extension of Ma On Shan line to West Rail line via East Kowloon. The Tai Wai to Hung Hom section was fully completed in 2021 and the Cross Harbour section was completed in 2022.[58] As part of this project, a new station was built in the Tai Wai area, Hin Keng station, which opened in February 2020.

Road connections

Tai Wai is the main gateway of tunnels and roads connecting the New Territories to Kowloon as well as Tsuen Wan due to its convenient location. In the early 20th century and until the Lion Rock Tunnel, the first road tunnel in Hong Kong, was built in 1967, Tai Po Road was the main road connecting Tai Wai and the New Territories to Kowloon.[59] Tai Po Road to this day remains as the only toll-free road connecting the two areas.

The tunnels are: Lion Rock Tunnel (1967), Shing Mun Tunnels (1990) and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel (2008). Sha Tin Heights Tunnel opened in March 2008 to lessen the traffic of the Kowloon Tunnels and Tai Po Road. It is part of Route 8 that connects Tai Wai to the airport over the Stonecutters Bridge and through the Nam Wan Tunnel.

Bus

A large percentage of the bus routes that go past Tai Wai are circular routes which both start and terminate in Sha Tin. There are also long-distance routes that go past famous Hong Kong landmarks and attractions. They include 170, which goes to Ocean Park; E42 goes to the airport (via Tung Chung)[60] and R42 to Disneyland.

There are 5 major bus termini in Tai Wai:

  • Mei Lam (美林巴士總站)
  • Mei Tin (美田巴士總站)
  • Sun Chui (新翠巴士總站)
  • Hin Keng (顯徑巴士總站)
  • Tai Wai Station (大圍站總站)

Minibus

Many green minibus (GMB) routes that pass Tai Wai go around all parts of Sha Tin to provide feeder services for major public transport operators such as the MTR. Routes such as 481B go to the Tsuen Wan area via Shing Mun Tunnel offering a fast but cheap alternative to buses and the MTR. Residents' buses also operate at Tai Wai station. Union Hospital's free shuttle bus also operates from there at 10-minute frequencies.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Tai Wai industrial area" (PDF). Planning Department. 16 December 2005.
  2. ^ Hase, P. H. (2020). "Chapter 3. Traditional Sha Tin". Settlement, Life, and Politics - Understanding the Traditional New Territories. Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong studies series. City University of Hong Kong Press. pp. 242–244. ISBN 9789629374419.
  3. ^ Hill, Ronald D. (1985). "Fragments and speculations: the walled villages of Hong Kong". Journal of the Hong Kong Archaeological Society. 11. Hong Kong Archaeological Society: 25–38. OCLC 02465191.
  4. ^ Summary of 2015 District Council Election Constituency Areas - Sha Tin District
  5. ^ District Council Constituency Boundaries - Sha Tin District, 2015
  6. ^ 2016 Population By-census. District Profiles (select Sha Tin)
  7. ^ "KCRC receives 11 tenders for Tai Wai Maintenance Centre property development project". Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation. 17 March 2006. Archived from the original on 25 March 2006. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  8. ^ "Developers vie for West Rail site". The Standard Finance. 27 April 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  9. ^ a b Jeffrey W. Cody and James R. Richardson (1997). "Urbanizing forest and Village Trees in Hong Kong's Sha Tin Valley, 1976-1997" (PDF). Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. IX (1): 21–33. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d SCL - NEX/2206 EIA Study for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section, Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report, 4. Cultural Heritage Impact, October 2011
  11. ^ HK River Net: The Ebb and Flow of Agriculture
  12. ^ a b SCL - NEX/2206 EIA Study for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section. Environmental Impact Assessment Report.Appendix 4.3. Built Heritage Survey. October 2011
  13. ^ Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1403 Archived 2012-10-15 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #1153. Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Hayes, James (2006). The great difference: Hong Kong's New Territories and its people, 1898-2004. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 9789622097940.
  16. ^ Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Items #852, 853, 854. Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ Antiquities and Monuments Office: List of the Historic Buildings in Building Assessment Archived 2011-12-15 at the Wayback Machine (as of 23 November 2011)
  18. ^ Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Items #1130, 1131 Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Brief Information on No Grade Items. Item #1359. Archived 2012-10-15 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ a b c d "East Rail Extensions - Tai Wai to Ma On Shan. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Archaeological and Cultural Resources" (PDF). Environmental Protection Department. 1999.
  21. ^ Faure, David; Hayes, James; Birch, Alan (1984). From village to city: studies in the traditional roots of Hong Kong society. Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong. p. 131. ASIN B0000EE67M.
  22. ^ Antiquities and Monuments Office: Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items. Item #1359. Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ Hase, Patrick (1996). "Traditional Life in the New Territories: The Evidence of the 1911 and 1921 Censuses" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. 36: 81. ISSN 1991-7295.
  24. ^ Ip, Hing-fong (1995). An historical geography of the walled villages of Hong Kong (Postgraduate Thesis, Master of Philosophy). University of Hong Kong. p. 92.
  25. ^ a b Antiquities Advisory Board. Historic Building Appraisal: Entrance Gate, Tin Sam
  26. ^ a b Antiquities Advisory Board. Historic Building Appraisal: Choi Ancestral Hall, No. 142 Tin Sam
  27. ^ a b SCL - NEX/2206 EIA Study for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section, Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report, Figure 4.2.1. Locations of Known Built Heritages (Sheet 1 of 8), October 2011. Shows the location of the historic buildings of Tin Sam Village.
  28. ^ Antiquities Advisory Board. Historic Building Appraisal: Che Kung Temple, Che Kung Miu Road, Tai Wai
  29. ^ Historic Building Appraisal: Tse Ancestral Hall
  30. ^ Historic Building Appraisal: Li Cottage
  31. ^ a b "The Wai: MTR's latest shopping mall to open in Tai Wai". Time Out Hong Kong. 21 July 2023.
  32. ^ "Hong Kong's MTR Corp opens new shopping centre in Tai Wai station as post-Covid retail activity picks up". South China Morning Post. 22 July 2023.
  33. ^ Dong, Irene (25 July 2023). "The largest Market Place opens in The Wai". Inside Retail.
  34. ^ "Sports Centres". Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  35. ^ "Non-Fee Charging Facilities". Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  36. ^ "Non-Fee Charging Facilities". Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  37. ^ Ng, June, "Tai Wai On Tires", HK Magazine, July 16, 2009
  38. ^ "Shatin Chicken Porridge (沙田雞粥)". Hong Kong Tourism Board (archive). 2006. Archived from the original on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2008.
  39. ^ O'Young, Anneliese; Lui, Prudence (30 October 2008). "Taste of Tai Wai". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  40. ^ "POA School Net 88" (PDF). Education Bureau. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  41. ^ thaiworldview: Chi Hong Ching Yuen
  42. ^ thaiworldview: Wat Tai Wai
  43. ^ Hase, Patrick H. (1983). "Old Hau Wong Temple, Tai Wai, Sha Tin" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. 23: 233–240. ISSN 1991-7295.
  44. ^ "Protest over columbarium". China Daily. Hong Kong. 24 August 2010. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010.
  45. ^ Chui, Timothy (28 December 2012). "Authorities should stop sale of illicit niches: Protesters". China Daily. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013.
  46. ^ South China Morning Post: "Angry residents protest over temple and urn site", 31 March 2012
  47. ^ Chinese Temples Committee: Registered Temples - Shun Shin Chee Kit Yin Koon
  48. ^ Nip, Amy; Ng, Kang-chung (16 April 2010). "'Clean' list mulled on storage of ashes". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 16 December 2015.
  49. ^ Lutheran Theological Seminary website
  50. ^ High Rock Centre: Former's High Rock and Today's High Rock
  51. ^ St. Alfred's Church website
  52. ^ "The Tai Wai Bunkers", comprehensive blog entry by Philip G. Cracknell
  53. ^ About MTR: Depots
  54. ^ Cheung, Kennedy; Chor, Charles; Pegg, David (March 2007). "Tai Wai maintenance centre: planning, design, and construction" (PDF). The Arup Journal.
  55. ^ See corresponding Chinese Wikipedia article
  56. ^ "Journey Time & Fare". MTR Corporation Limited. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  57. ^ "Railway Development" (PDF). HKSAR Highways Department. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
  58. ^ "Projects - Shatin to Central Link". MTR Corporation. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  59. ^ Cheng Siu Kei, "Making of a New Town: Urbanisation in Tai Po", Tai Po Book p. 271
  60. ^ "Bus Services- Route E42". Kowloon Motor Bus. Retrieved 4 November 2007.

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