User:Allan Rice/sandbox
Europe
State | House | Head | Since | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Zogu | Prince Leka of Albania | 30 November 2011 | Grandson of King Zog I (1928–1939). | Hereditary | de facto 1939 de jure 1944 |
|
Armenia | Charles-Antoine Lamoral of Ligne-La Trémoïlle | 9 July 2005 | Ligne | Direct descendant of King Janus of Cyprus (1398–1432).[eu 1] | Hereditary | 1375 | [1] |
Vittorio Emanuele | 18 March 1983 | Savoy | |||||
Austria-Hungary | Karl von Habsburg[eu 2] | 4 July 2011[eu 3] | Habsburg-Lorraine[eu 4] | Grandson of Emperor and King Charles I & IV (1916–1918).[eu 5] | Hereditary | 1918 | [2] |
Bulgaria | Simeon II | 15 September 1946[eu 6] | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[eu 7] | Last reigning Tsar (1943–1946). | Hereditary | 1946 | |
Courland (Latvia) | Ernst-Johann | 28 February 1982 | Biron | Descendant of Duke Ernst Johann von Biron (1737–1740 and 1763–1769). | Hereditary | 1795 | |
Finland | Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse | 23 May 2013 | Hesse | Great-grandson of King Frederik-Kaarle (1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [citation needed] |
Georgia | David Bagration | 16 January 2008 | Mukhrani[as 1] | Descendant of King Konstantine II (1478–1505). | Hereditary | 1801 | |
Nugzar Bagration | 13 August 1984 | Gruzinsky[as 1] | Descendant of King Giorgi XII (1798–1800). | ||||
Greece | Constantine II | 1 June 1973[eu 8] | Glücksburg[eu 9] | Last reigning King (1964–1973). | Hereditary | 1973 | |
Montenegro | Nikola | 24 March 1986 | Petrović-Njegoš | Great-grandson of King Nikola I (1910–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Navarre[eu 10] | Pedro | 28 March 2017 | Bourbon-Two Sicilies[eu 11] | 10th-great-grandson of King Louis II (1610–1620). | Hereditary | 1620 | |
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Rüdiger | 6 October 2012 | Wettin[eu 12] | 4th-great-grandnephew of King Fryderyk August I (1807-1815). | Hereditary | 1815 | |
Alexander | 23 July 2012 | Saxe-Gessaphe | |||||
Portugal | Duarte Pio | 24 December 1976 | Braganza[eu 13] | Great-grandson of King Miguel I (1828–1834). | Hereditary | 1910 | |
Romania | Margareta[eu 14] | 5 December 2017 | Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen[eu 15] | Daughter of King Michael I (1927–1930 and 1940–1947). | Hereditary | 1947 | [3] |
Paul-Philippe Hohenzollern | 27 January 2006 | Grandson of King Carol II (1930–1940). | |||||
Karl Friedrich | 5 December 2017 | Great-grand-nephew of King Ferdinand I (1914–1927).[eu 16] | |||||
Russia | Maria Vladimirovna | 21 April 1992 | Romanov[eu 17] | Great-great-granddaughter of Emperor Alexander II (1855–1881).[eu 18] | Hereditary | 1917 | |
Karl Emich of Leiningen | 1 June 2013 | Great-great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II (1855-1881). | |||||
Andrew Romanov | 31 December 2016 | Great-great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I (1825–1855).[eu 18] | |||||
Serbia | Predrag Jakovljevic | July 2015 | Obrenović | Descendant of the brother of Prince Miloš (1815–1860). | Hereditary | 1903 | [4] |
Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia | 3 November 1970 | Karađorđević | Great-grandson of King Peter I (1903–1918), of the Karađorđević line of kings. | Hereditary | 1918 | ||
Spain (Carlist) | Sixto Enrique (tradicionalista) | 7 May 1977 | Borbón-Parma | 6th-great-grandson of King Philip V (1700–1724, 1724–1746) in the legitimate male-line. | Hereditary | 1830 | |
Carlos Javier (carlismo socialista) | 18 August 2010 | Borbón-Parma | 7th-great-grandson of King Philip V (1700–1724, 1724–1746) in the legitimate male-line. | Hereditary | 1830 | ||
Dominic (carloctavista) | 22 October 1987 | Habsburgo-Borbón | 4th-great-grandson of King Charles IV (1788–1808). | Hereditary | 1830 | ||
Pedro | 5 October 2015 | Borbón-Dos Sicilias | 6th-great-grandson of King Charles III (1759–1788) in the legitimate male-line.[eu 19] | Hereditary | 1830 | ||
Yugoslavia | Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia | 3 November 1970 | Karađorđević | Son of King Peter II (1934–1941). | Hereditary | de facto 1941 de jure 1945 |
|
Ukraine | Borys Tukhai-bei | 2014 | Skoropadsky | Grandson of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi (1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [5] |
Germany
The German Empire was a federation of a score of smaller monarchies, all of which are now abolished under modern republican Germany, although a handful of monarchs never abdicated their titles. As a result, there are a large number of claimants to various German thrones. Since the dissolution of the German empire, however, a number of former royal dynasties have become extinct in the male line, and are therefore not included in the list below. Mecklenburg–Schwerin became extinct in 2001, Saxe-Altenburg in 1991, and Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in 1971.
In all cases the succession is hereditary.
State | Pretender | Since | House | Claim | Abolition | Ref(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Empire | |||||||
Germany | Georg Friedrich | 26 September 1994 | Hohenzollern | Great-great-grandson of Kaiser Wilhelm II (1888–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [6][7] |
Kingdoms | |||||||
Bavaria | Franz, Duke of Bavaria | 8 July 1996 | Wittelsbach | Great-grandson of King Ludwig III (1913–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Hanover | Ernst August | 9 December 1987 | Hanover[eu 20] | Great-great-grandson of King Georg V (1851–1866). | Hereditary | 1866 | [8] |
Prussia | Georg Friedrich | 26 September 1994 | Hohenzollern | Great-great-grandson of King Wilhelm II (1888–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [6] |
Saxony | Rüdiger | 6 October 2012 | Wettin[eu 12] | Great-grandson of King Friedrich August III (1904–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Alexander | 23 July 2012 | Saxe-Gessaphe | Great-grandson of King Friedrich August III (1904–1918). | ||||
Westphalia | Charles Napoléon | 3 May 1997 | Bonaparte | Great-great-grandson of King Jérôme Bonaparte (1807–1813). | Hereditary | 1813 | |
Württemberg | Charles | 17 April 1975 | Württemberg | Grandnephew of King Wilhelm II (1891–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Grand Duchies | |||||||
Baden | Maximilian | 27 October 1963 | Zähringen | Great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Leopold I (1830–1852). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Hesse and by Rhine | Donatus | 23 May 2013 | Hesse | 11th cousin twice removed of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Mecklenburg-Strelitz | Borwin | 26 January 1996 | Mecklenburg[eu 21] | Great-great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Georg (1816–1860). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Oldenburg | Christian | 20 September 2014 | Holstein-Gottorp[eu 22] | Great-grandson of Grand Duke Friedrich August II (1900–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | Michael | 14 October 1988 | Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach[eu 7] | Grandson of Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst (1901–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Electorate | |||||||
Hesse-Kassel | Donatus | 23 May 2013 | Hesse | 5th great-grandson of Landgrave Friedrich II (1760–1785). | Hereditary | 1866 | v |
Duchies | |||||||
Anhalt | Julius Eduard | 9 October 1963 | Ascania | Son of Duke Joachim Ernst (1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Arenberg | Léopold | 15 August 2011 | Arenberg | Descendant of Duke Prosper Louis | Hereditary | 1810 | |
Brunswick | Ernst August | 9 December 1987 | Hanover[eu 20] | Grandson of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick (1913–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [citation needed][8] |
Nassau | Henri | 7 October 2000 | Bourbon-Parma branch | Great-great-grandson of Duke Adolf I (1839–1866). | Hereditary | 1866 | [9] |
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | Andreas | 23 January 1998 | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[eu 7] | Grandson of Duke Carl Eduard (1900–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [10] |
Saxe-Meiningen | Konrad | 4 October 1984 | Saxe-Meiningen[eu 7] | Great-grandson of Duke Georg II (1866–1914). | Hereditary | 1918 | |
Schleswig-Holstein | Christoph | 30 September 1980 | Glücksburg[eu 9] | Great-great-grandnephew of Duke Frederik VII (1808–1863). | Hereditary | 1866 | |
Principalities | |||||||
Hohenzollern[eu 23] | Karl Friedrich | 16 September 2010 | Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen[eu 24] | Great-great-grandson of Prince Karl Anton (1848–1849). | Hereditary | 1850 | [citation needed][11] |
Isenburg | Alexander | 5 May 2018 | Isenburg | Descendant of Prince Carl (1803–1815). | Hereditary | 1815 | [12] |
Leyen | Philipp Erwein | 1971 | Leyen | Great-great-great-great-grandson of Prince Philip Franz (1806–1814). | Hereditary | 1814 | |
Lippe | Stephan | 20 August 2015 | Lippe | Grandson of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe (1905–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [citation needed] |
Friedrich Wilhelm | 15 June 1990 | Grandnephew of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe (1905–1918). | |||||
Reuss[eu 25] | Heinrich XIV | 20 June 2012 | Reuss | Relative of Prince Heinrich XXVII (1913–1918).[eu 26] | Hereditary | 1918 | [citation needed] |
Salm | Carl-Philipp | 15 January 1988 | Salm-Salm | Descendant of Prince Konstantin (1778–1815). | Hereditary | 1810 | [13] |
Schaumburg-Lippe | Alexander | 28 August 2003 | Lippe | Grandnephew of Prince Adolf II (1911–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [citation needed][14] |
Schwarzenberg | Karl | 25 October 1979 | Schwarzenberg | Descendant of Prince Johann I (1782–1789). | Hereditary | 1789 | [15] |
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | Friedrich Magnus | 4 November 1984 | Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | Great-grandson of Prince Friedrich Günther (1807–1867). | Hereditary | 1918 | [16][17] |
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | Friedrich Magnus | 4 November 1984 | Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | Relative of Prince Günther Victor (1909–1918). | 1918 | [16][17] | |
Waldeck and Pyrmont | Wittekind | 30 November 1967 | Waldeck | Grandson of Prince Friedrich (1893–1918). | Hereditary | 1918 | [18] |
Wied-Neuwied | Maximilian | 12 March 2015 | Wied-Neuwied | 6th-great-grandson of Prince Friedrich Karl (1741–1809). | Hereditary | 1806 | |
County | |||||||
Solms-Wildenfels | Friedrich Magnus | 1945 | Solms-Wildenfels | Descendant of Frederick Magnus II (1801–1806). | Hereditary | 1806 |
Italy
Until the mid-nineteenth century, the Italian peninsula comprised a number of states, some of which were monarchies. During the Italian unification, the monarchs of such agglomerated states lost their sovereignty and their titles became purely ceremonial. The resultant throne of the Kingdom of Italy was held by the former king of Sardinia.
State | Pretender | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Italy | Amedeo | 18 March 1983 | Savoy | Great-great-grandson of King Vittorio Emanuele II (1861–1878). | Hereditary | 1946 | [19][20] |
Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples[eu 27] | 15 December 1969 | Heir apparent and son of King Umberto II (1946). | |||||
Pre-unification | |||||||
Mantua | Maurizio | 18 September 1943 | Gonzaga | Descendant of Marquis Federico I (1478–1484). | Hereditary | 1708 | [22] |
Modena | Lorenzo | 7 February 1996 | Austria-Este[eu 4] | Great-grandnephew of Franz Ferdinand, adopted heir of Duke Francesco V (1846–1859). | Hereditary | 1859 | [citation needed] |
Naples (Bonapartist) | Joachim | 20 July 1944 | Murat | 4th-great-grandson of King Gioacchino I (1808–1815). | Hereditary | 1816 | [23] |
Parma | Carlos | 18 August 2010 | Bourbon-Parma[eu 11] | Great-grandson of Duke Roberto I (1854–1859). | Hereditary | 1859 | [24][25] |
Piombino | Niccolò | 8 February 1988 | Boncompagni-Ludovisi[eu 28] | Descendant of Prince Antonio I (1778–1805). | Hereditary | 1805 | [26] |
Tuscany | Sigismondo[eu 29] | 18 June 1993 | Habsburg-Lorraine[eu 4] | Great-great-grandson of Grand Duke Ferdinando IV (1859). | Hereditary | 1859 | [27] |
Two Sicilies | Pedro of Calabria | 5 October 2015 | Bourbon[eu 30] | Descendants of King Ferdinando II (1830–1859). | Hereditary | 1861 | |
Carlo of Castro | 20 March 2008 |
Lithuania
Following the country's independence from Russia in 1918, the Council of Lithuania voted to establish a monarchy, and invited Prince Wilhelm, the Duke of Urach[eu 31], to take the throne as king. Wilhelm accepted the nomination in July 1918, and adopted the regnal name Mindaugas II. During the subsequent German Revolution, however, the Council withdrew its decision in November 1918, and Wilhelm was never crowned. His grandson Wilhelm Albert, Duke of Urach, is the head of the family since 9 February 1991. His marriage in 1992 was morganatic and so in 2009 his brother, Prince Inigo of Urach, visited Lithuania and announced that if offered the throne he would be ready to assume it.[28]
State | Pretender | Since | House | Claim | Succession | Abolition | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lithuania | Wilhelm Albert | 9 February 1991 | Württemberg | Grandson of King Wilhelm Karl (1918–1928). | Hereditary | 1918 |
Cite error: There are <ref group=eu>
tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=eu}}
template (see the help page).
- ^ Hadjilyra, Alexander-Michael (2009). The Armenians of Cyprus. New York: Kalaydjian Foundation. p. 12.
- ^ Brook-Shepherd, Gordon (2003). Uncrowned emperor: the life and times of Otto von Habsburg. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-85285-439-3.
- ^ "Biografie" (in Romanian). General Secretariat of His Majesty King Michael I. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ The Royal House of Obrenovic. "Members Of The Royal Family". he Royal House of Obrenovic. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
- ^ Olena Kahanets. "Skoropadsky successor returns to Ukraine". The Day newspaper.
- ^ a b Blankart, Michaela, ed. (2009). "George Frederick The Prince of Prussia". Translated by Delaney, Richard. House of Hohenzollern. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|authors=
ignored (help) - ^ Velde, François (1998). "The Hohenzollern Succession Dispute". Heraldica. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ a b Heinrich, Prinz von Hannover (2002). "Ernst August, Prinz von Hannover, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg" (in German). MatrixMedia Verlag. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Leistra, Netty. "The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg". Netty's Royalty Page. Archived from the original on 4 May 2010. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Männl, Anja. "Andreas Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha" (in German). Herzogliche Hauptverwaltung Coburg. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Schloss Sigmaringen. "The Family Tree". Prince of Hohenzollern Group. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ "Das Fürstenhaus". Fürstenhaus Isenburg (in German). Retrieved 13 September 2019.
- ^ "Family tree of Carl Philipp Josef Petrus zu Salm-Salm". Geneanet. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
- ^ Perl, Alexander. "Biografie Fürst Alexander" (in German). Schloss Bückeburg. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Clifford, Tom (21 April 2010). "Schwarzenberg talks election". The Prague Post. Prague: Prague Post Online. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ^ a b The House of Schwarzburg on Heraldica.org
- ^ a b James, John Almanach de Gotha, Volume I, 2013.
- ^ Mergel, Wolfgang; Wagener, Ekkehard; Obst, Carsten (2001). "Genealogie: Wittekind, Fürst zu Waldeck-Pyrmont" (in German). Waldecker Münzen. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "Royal House of Italy". Almanach de la Cour. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "Genealogy of the Royal House of Italy". Almanach de la Cour. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ de Montjouvent, Philippe. Le Comte de Paris et sa Descendance. Editions du Chaney, 1998, Charenton, France. pp. 34–347. French. ISBN 2-913211-00-3.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "Genealogy of the Princes Gonzaga, heirs of the sovereign Marquisate of Mantua". Almanach de la Cour. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "Genealogy of the Princes Murat". Almanach de la Cour. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "Genealogy of the Branch of Bourbon-Parma". Almanach de la Cour. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ Agosti, Guido. "La Dinastia". Reale e Ducale Casa di Borbone Parma. Archived from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "Genealogy of the Princes Boncompagni-Ludovisi, Princes of Piombino". Almanach de la Cour. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. "Dinastia Gran Ducale di Toscana" (in Italian). Almanach de la Cour. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ "Direct descendant to the throne of Lithuania, grandson of Mindaugas II, visits Lithuania". Lietuva. Government of Lithuania. 22 November 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
Cite error: There are <ref group=as>
tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=as}}
template (see the help page).