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Students for a Democratic Society
AbbreviationSDS
Formation2006
TypeStudent activist organization
PurposeTo build a fighting student movement against US wars and intervention, racist discrimination, police crimes, homophobic and transphobic attacks, attacks on women, attacks on reproductive rights, and more.
Location
  • United States of America
WebsiteNewSDS.org
Part of the Politics series on
Students' rights
History
Concepts and theory
Issues
Organizations
Related

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), or New Students for a Democratic Society (New SDS) is a United States student activist organization founded in 2006 in response to the US invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan with the aim to rebuild the student movement.[1] It takes its name and inspiration from the original SDS of 1960–1969, then the largest radical student organization in US history. The contemporary SDS is a distinct youth and student-led organization with chapters across the United States.[2][3][4]

Politics

SDS is a broadly progressive, multi-issue student and youth-led activist organization, which aims to rebuild the student movement through direct action campaigns on college, university, and high school campuses across the United States. While united by a commitment to direct action rather than any particular political ideology, SDS does release statements and resolutions standing against US wars and intervention, racist discrimination, police brutality, homophobic and transphobic attacks, attacks on women, attacks on reproductive rights, and other US and campus-based issues as they emerge.[5]

Structure

SDS is a grassroots activist organization with no affiliation to any non-profit organizations or political parties. Every chapter of SDS organizes its own internal functioning and plans its own campaigns along campus-based demands and protests. Rather than have a national leadership body, members of any chapter can participate in the National Working Committee, made up of volunteer participants in regular, nation-wide calls.[6] The national structure is also maintained through annual national conventions since its founding in 2006, which are hosted by a different chapter each year. Conventions culminate in the adoption of resolutions, which outline the political issues chapters agree to prioritize in their campaigns in the coming year.

Both resolutions and the National Working Committee also determine national days of action, coordinated protests carried out by all chapters. Past days of action include protests against the Dobbs v. Jackson decision to defend abortion access, against Brett Kavanaugh's Supreme Court nomination, against the War in Afghanistan, and for education rights, among others.[7][8][9][10]

Students for a Democratic Society also occasionally leads national campaigns, such as the Stop Trump Campaign, lasting the duration of the presidential campaign and presidency of Donald Trump. During that period, while chapters led various campaigns, slogans and demands always related back to opposing Trump.[11]

History

2006-2008: Refounding and Anti-War Campaigns

SDS members protest the Iraq War on March 19th, 2008.

Beginning January 2006, a movement to revive the Students for a Democratic Society took shape. Two high school students, Jessica Rapchik and Pat Korte, decided to reach out to former members of the "Sixties" SDS, to re-establish a student movement in the United States.[2] Korte did this by contacting Alan Haber. They called for a new generation of SDS, to build a radical multi-issue organization grounded in the principle of participatory democracy. Several chapters at various colleges and high schools were subsequently formed. On Martin Luther King Jr. Day of 2006, these chapters banded together to issue a press release that stated their intentions to recreate the national SDS organization.[12] In the press release, the SDS called for the organization's first national convention since 1969 to be held in the summer of 2006 and to have it preceded by a series of regional conferences occurring during the Memorial Day weekend. These regional conferences would also be the first of their kind since 1969. On April 23, 2006, SDS held a northeast regional conference at Brown University.

The new SDS organized and participated in numerous actions against the Iraq War and made clear its opposition to any possible military action against Iran by the US. The Pace University chapter of SDS protested against a speech by Bill Clinton held at the University's New York City campus, prompting the university to hand over two students, Lauren Giaccone and Brian Kelly, to the United States Secret Service. After the threatened expulsion of the two protesters, Pace SDS began a campaign that helped pressure the President of Pace to resign.[13]

Beginning in March and continuing into April and May 2006, SDS chapters across the country participated in a series of actions supporting Immigrant Rights. SDS chapters, such as at Brandeis, Connecticut College, and Harvard coordinated with large coalitions of students to strike and walk out of their classes on May Day.

The newly formed SDS held its first national convention from August 4 to August 7, 2006 at the University of Chicago.[14][15]

In early March 2007, SDS members and allies in Tacoma, Washington led a blockade of the Port of Tacoma, where the US military was loading Stryker vehicles onto ships to be transported to Iraq. After confrontations every night for a week, the police broke the human blockade through the use of rubber bullets and pepper spray.

On March 12, 2007, one week before the anniversary of the invasion of Iraq, the New School chapter of SDS held a Campus Moratorium against the Iraq War. Students left classes and proceeded down 5th Avenue to the Chambers Street military recruitment center where they met with the Pace University chapter of SDS. The students entered the Recruitment Center, barricaded the door and held a nonviolent sit-in, effectively closing the recruitment center for about two hours. Twenty members of SDS were arrested and charged with criminal trespassing, a misdemeanor.

On March 17, 2007, SDS groups from across the country met and participated in the March on the Pentagon, in which parts of the SDS contingent along with allies occupied a bridge near The Pentagon. Five demonstrators were arrested.[16]

On March 20, 2007, 83 SDS chapters from around the country held coordinated actions against the Iraq war.[17] One such action in the Bay Area shut down the entrance to Chevron's World Headquarters.[18]

The Summer of 2007 was a critical turning point for SDS as a national organization. First, SDS fielded a large contingent at the first US Social Forum in Atlanta on June 27 – July 1. SDS found itself part of a national movement to change the US; at the forum, SDS members gave workshops, demonstrated, and formed bonds with members from across the country. On July 27, SDS held its second national convention in Detroit.[19]

The first national SDS Action Camps[20] took place from August 13–16 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The camp was hosted by the Lancaster chapter of SDS. It included anti-oppression/collective liberation trainings, and workshops about a variety of things – including media skills, meeting facilitation, and direct action. The camp was held in order to provide students with skills needed to become better organizers, and deepen the sophistication of their vision and strategy.

On September 15, 2007, SDS chapters from several colleges across the country (including Ohio, Indiana, Washington D.C., Harrisburg, PA and New York) gathered and marched in the ANSWER coalition march from the White House steps, to the Capitol building. The protest was estimated to include up 80,000 people. At least 150 were arrested, and there was at least one incident where police pepper-sprayed protesters.[21]

In early November 2007, SDS members were again present at a similar blockade at the Port of Olympia, Washington. The blockade was broken only after 67 arrests, as well as use of pepper spray, rubber bullets, and other crowd-control weapons. A similar confrontation had occurred in May 2006 at the Port of Olympia.

Members and Chapters around the US and Canada participated in a large series of semi-coordinated events and demonstrations between March 17 and March 21 to bring awareness to the 5th anniversary of the invasion of Iraq.[22]

The 2008 National Convention was held in College Park, Maryland. Members at the meeting decided on a national structure, the National Work Committee, and a national campaign: Student Power for Accessible Education.

2009-2014: Education is a Right Campaigns

SDS members marching against war and educational budget cuts in New York in 2011

Following the Great Recession, budget shortfalls led to cuts in funding to primary and secondary education. In January of 2009, hundreds of emergency protests emerged across the United States, most notably against rising tuition costs. Cuts included hundreds of millions cut in state funding in Florida, which already stood last in the United States for education funding. In Florida's Clay County alone, a $43 million shortfall meant 450 jobs in education were eliminated.[23] Most SDS chapters in this period shifted toward campaigns demanding tuition be frozen, budget cuts to 'chop from the top,' i.e. cut higher administrative salaries rather than layoff rank and file workers, and the protection of ethnic studies programs, often the first to be cut in universities.[24]

Still focusing on anti-war work, however, SDS established a separate anti-war working group, which functioned through 2009, including anti-occupation and Israeli apartheid Week campaigns.[25] In September, SDS chapters from around the country converged on St. Paul, Minnesota to participate in the four days of protests against the Republican National Convention.[26][27][28][29]

By 2010, SDS was working with the Network to Fight for Economic Justice, a group fighting against austerity, budget cuts, and worker layoffs following the recession. SDS joined the Network to Fight for Economic Justice's March 4th, 2010 day of action, 'Fight to Defend Education and Jobs.'[30][31][32] Nationwide, the day of action mobilized students at over 100 campuses in at least 39 states in defense of education funding on March 4th, 2010.[33]

In March 2010, members of the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee's chapter of SDS staged a protest outside the Chancellor's building. The event, designed to protest rising tuition costs, was met with a police presence. Police began using pepper spray, and arrested sixteen members of the protest, including both SDS members and allied organizations on campus through the Education Rights Campaign.[34]

In October of 2010, over twenty SDS chapters and 40 different campuses marked the 9th anniversary of the War in Afghanistan to protest budgets cuts to education.[35] Moving into 2011, SDS called a month of action for March with protests coordinated for March 2nd, 2011 to demand education rights and an end to budget cuts. SDS also sent members to the Save Our Schools March in Washington DC, July 28-31st, 2011.[36][37] A national day of action for education rights as held for the third year on March 1st, 2012.[38]


Following the killing of Trayvon Martin on February 26th, 2012, University of Florida SDS began a campaign demanding the arrest of George Zimmerman, who fatally shot Martin, a 17-year-old Black boy, and that all police officers involved in the case be terminated for obstructing justice and covering-up the truth. On March 26th, 2012, SDS mobilized over 200 students at the University of Florida to demand justice.[39][40][41] University of Florida SDS continued to protest for Trayvon Martin on the anniversary of the killing.[42]

In March of 2013, SDS members at the University of South Florida led an occupation of their administrative building to demand top administrators take pay cuts and tuition be lowered. This was followed by another national day of action for education rights against rising tuition on March 14th.[43][44][45]

Beginning in October of 2013, SDS chapters throughout Florida began a campaign pushing for in-state tuition equity for undocumented students, who were regularly charged higher, out-of-state tuition regardless of whether they graduated from Florida high schools.[46] Constant pressure on all fronts by SDS chapters, including storming the Florida State University president's office[47][48] and rallying at the Florida State Capitol, led to the passing of H.B. 851 in Florida, granting undocumented students in-state tuition.[49][50]

On April 17, 2014, University of Minnesota SDS led hundreds of students and community members in protest of a speaking event with George W. Bush White House National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice. SDS members condemned Rice for direct responsibility for the use of 'enhanced interrogation techniques' by the CIA under the George W. Bush administration. This was brought up most notably in reference to Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib.[51][52]

2015-2020: Stop Trump Campaign

Info on how SDS began protesting Trump before the elections, never stopped during his time as president.

2020-Present: The George Floyd Uprising and Civil Rights Attacks

Following the murder of George Floyd by the Minneapolis Police Department on May 25, 2020, SDS chapters took part in actions and campaigns across the country to demand accountability.[53][54][55] In October of that year, SDS held a webinar, along with Anakbayan USA and the National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression, to launch a national campaign to demand police accountability.[56] Chapters took up campaigns for defunding and demilitarizing their campus police, and a few launched campaigns for community control over their campus police, modeled after what became the ECPS legislation passed 2022 in Chicago. [57][58][59][60]

In 2021, chapters continued on their campaigns, on issues ranging from police accountability to raising the minimum wage on campus and more.[61][62] When Daunte Wright was shot in killed by Officer Kimberly Potter, in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, the University of Minnesota chapter of SDS organized a protest with the U of MN Black Student Union to demand the conviction and jailing of Potter, drawing 1,000 students out to march.[63][64] That year the 15th SDS National Convention, titled 'The Uprising Continues', was held in Minneapolis, MN, and drew an attendance of nearly 170 students from chapters around the country.[65] Speakers at the convention discussed issues ranging from police accountability and student-labor solidarity, to building the anti-war movement and fighting for climate justice and Indigenous sovereignty.

In 2022 SDS was one of the organizations leading the charge against the overturning of Roe v. Wade and other rulings that established federal protections of civil rights by the US Supreme Court. When the draft opinion written by Justice Alito was first revealed, chapters around the country organized a response denouncing the threat of overturning and calling on congress to codify Roe into law.[66][67][68][69] Upon the official overturning of Roe v. Wade and Casey in the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson, SDS chapters organized an even larger response nationally, with as many as 10,000 people turning out to one protest alone.[70][71][72][73] SDS also organized responses to the threat of other upcoming Supreme Court decisions on civil rights issues, including the Indian Child Welfare Act and Affirmative Action.[74][75][76]

University of Milwaukee SDS members protest in defense of women's and reproductive rights.

SDS also organized to demand the protection of LGBTQ rights against the Don't Say Gay bill passed in Florida, and its national version, as well as against US wars and interventions from Ukraine to the Philippines.[77][78][79][80] The 16th national convention of SDS, in the spirit of the past year titled "Not Another Step Back", was held that year from October 15-16 at the historic Kent State University. Sara Nelson, the International President of the Association of Flight Attendants - CWA, was the keynote speaker at the convention.[81]

Chapters' demands for their University administrations to protect or expand abortion access carried over into 2023, leading campaigns for demands from reproductive care product dispensers on campus to establishing abortion clinics on their campuses. [82][83][84]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Who Are New SDS?". Students for a Democratic Society. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b Aviv, Rachel (2008-01-06). "One Generation Got Old, One Generation Got Soul". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
  3. ^ Elaine Korry (2006-01-30). "The Return of the Students for a Democratic Society". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
  4. ^ Claire Provost (2007-11-19). "Why American students are hunger striking". New Statesman. Retrieved 2008-12-08. A call to relaunch the organization went out in January 2006, organized by high school students Jessica Rapchick and Pat Korte. }}
  5. ^ "Who Are New SDS?". Students for a Democratic Society. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  6. ^ Figueroa, Fernando (20 July 2014). "Students for a Democratic Society hold Florida Day School". FightBack! News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  7. ^ "Salt Lake City rejects Kavanaugh!". FightBack! News. 5 October 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  8. ^ "Oshkosh rallies in solidarity with survivors, against Kavanaugh". FightBack! News. 5 October 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  9. ^ "Students mobilize for national day of action for education rights". FightBack! News. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  10. ^ "Students Protest 8 Years of War in Afghanistan". FightBack! News. 10 October 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  11. ^ "SDS strengthens at 14th annual national convention". FightBack! News. 29 September 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  12. ^ "Students for a Democratic Society Chapters form National Organization" (PDF) (Press release). Students for a Democratic Society. January 16, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
  13. ^ "Campus Antiwar Network Consolidated Blog » Repression at Pace University – Antiwar Students Who Heckled Former President Clinton at Pace University Speak Out". Grassrootspeace.org. Archived from the original on 2010-06-08. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  14. ^ Doster, Adam (August 25, 2006). "SDS, New and Improved". In These Times. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
  15. ^ "Newly Reformed Students for a Democratic Society Hold Nat'l Convention". Democracy Now!. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  16. ^ Nast, Condé (2007-03-26). "Bus Ride". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  17. ^ "SDS: March 20 Student Day of Action Against the War". Students for a Democratic Society. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
  18. ^ "Lockdown at Chevron's World Headquarters". Joshua Russell, Students for a Democratic Society. Retrieved 2007-03-20.
  19. ^ Stinchfield, Kate (2007-08-12). "Back to Campus - TIME". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  20. ^ SDS, SDS (April 2007). "Action Camps". SDS site wiki. Archived from the original on 2007-06-02. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
  21. ^ "Peace March, September 15, 2007". YouTube. 2007-09-16. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  22. ^ [1] Archived March 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ Cravey, Beth Reese (2 April 2009). "Teachers rally community to fight education funding cuts". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  24. ^ Harlan, Kosta (30 March 2009). "Wave of Protest Against Cuts to Education Sweep U.S." FightBack! News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  25. ^ Anti-War Working Groups http://sdsantiwar.wordpress.com/
  26. ^ "SDS Call to Action: Endorse and Participate in Shutting Down the RNC – Infoshop News". Infoshop.org. Archived from the original on 2013-10-07. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  27. ^ "Fight Back! – August 2008 – Standing up at the RNC: Voices from the Protest". Fightbacknews.org. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  28. ^ Sigal, Brad (2008-09-04). "Fight Back! – September 2008 – Anti-war march challenges McCain on last day of RNC". Fightbacknews.org. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  29. ^ "RNC protesters planning convention-ending event, too". MinnPost. 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  30. ^ "March 4th National Day of Action to Defend Education". Defend Education. defendeducation.org. March 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  31. ^ ""Day of Action" protest at University of Houston over tuition hikes, budget cuts | abc13.com". Abclocal.go.com. 2010-03-05. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  32. ^ Horansky, Andrew (2010-03-04). "U of H students join national tuition hike protest | khou.com Houston". Khou.com. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  33. ^ Ketz, Kati (4 March 2010). "Campuses rocked by education rights protests March 4". FightBack! News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  34. ^ Durhams, Sharif (2010-03-04). "Pepper spray used to break up UWM protest". Jsonline.com. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  35. ^ Gray, Chapin (7 October 2010). "Thousands Across the Country Protest Against Cuts to Education". FightBack! News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  36. ^ "SDS calls for March 2 education rights protests". FightBack! News. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  37. ^ "SDS: Students and Youth March to Save Our Schools! July 28-31, Washington D.C." FightBack! News. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  38. ^ "Students mobilize for national day of action for education rights". FightBack! News. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  39. ^ "Gainesville Florida SDS Marches for Trayvon Martin". FightBack! News. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  40. ^ "Trayvon Martin Protest in Gainesville". The Gainesville Sun. 26 March 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  41. ^ "USF Students Rally for Trayvon Martin". WUSF Public Media. 2012-04-04. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  42. ^ Peterson, Zack (26 February 2013). "Local residents pay tribute to Trayvon's memory". The Gainesville Sun. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  43. ^ Hamil, Jared (7 March 2013). "Tampa students occupy administration building to defend education rights". FightBack! News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  44. ^ Taylor, Stephanie (18 March 2013). "SDS holds national Day of Action for Education Rights". FightBack! News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  45. ^ "USF students fed up with mounting debt". wtsp.com. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  46. ^ "University of Florida SDS demands tuition equity". FightBack! News. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  47. ^ "Florida State University students storm president's office to demand tuition equity". FightBack! News. 3 March 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  48. ^ "Students Demand Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students at FSU". WTXL ABC 27 Tallahassee News. 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  49. ^ Carpio, Chrisley (5 May 2014). "Florida students win vote on Tuition Equity". FightBack! News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  50. ^ Education, filed under; Immigration; News; Affairs, Public (2014-06-09). "Florida immigrant tuition bill is a victory for advocates, but not entirely". WMNF. Retrieved 2023-02-19. {{cite web}}: |last3= has generic name (help)
  51. ^ Getowicz, Chris (18 April 2014). "Minnesota SDS protest confronts war criminal Condoleezza Rice". FightBack! News. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  52. ^ "With creative ambiguity, Condoleezza Rice defends torture tactics". MinnPost. 2014-04-18. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
  53. ^ Staff. "Thousands in Tampa Bay demand justice for George Floyd and all victims of police brutality". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  54. ^ Kennedy, Audrey; Ikramuddin, Hana; Snow, Jasmine; De Jesus, Yves. "UMN students continue organizing, demonstrating over Floyd killing". MN Daily. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  55. ^ Nelson, Darvin. "S.D.S. protests unrest in Kenosha and S.D.S. member's arrest". UNF Spinnaker. Retrieved 2023-02-05.
  56. ^ Carpio, Chrisley. "Students and youth webinar launching campaign for police accountability". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  57. ^ Staff. "SDS challenges University Senate vote for unrepresentative Campus Safety Committee". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  58. ^ Germnudson, Megan; Vue, Yoko. "Episode 66: What is 'community control' of the police — and who is calling for it?". MN Daily. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  59. ^ Staff. "Denver SDS rallies to defund campus police". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  60. ^ "Student group asks Auraria Campus police to not accept weapons from DOD program". Denver 7 Colorado News. 2023-02-21. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  61. ^ Staff. "Appleton, WI: SDS rallies for $15 an hour for students on campus". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  62. ^ Turoff, Nathan. "SDS meets UNF Administration". UNF Spinnaker. Retrieved 2023-02-05.
  63. ^ Staff. "Large protest at U of MN demands justice for Daunte Wright". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  64. ^ Barbot, Kyra. "Students march in protest of UMPD involvement in West Command Task Force". The Minnesota Daily. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  65. ^ Carpio, Chrisley. "Students say, 'The uprising continues' at 15th Annual SDS Conference in Minnesota". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  66. ^ Joseph, Regina. "Tallahassee: Hundreds rally for abortion rights". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  67. ^ Holtzman, Jake. "Austin protests to keep abortion legal". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  68. ^ "Hundreds gather at abortion-rights rally on U of M campus". kare11.com. 7:24 PM CDT May 4, 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  69. ^ Northup, Joyleah Odom and Alton. "More than 200 students march for abortion rights amid possible overturn of Roe v. Wade". Kent Wired. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  70. ^ Roth, Ellie; Epding, Devlin. "Minneapolis protesters respond to Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade". MN Daily. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  71. ^ "Twin Cities crowds mark Roe's unraveling". MPR News. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  72. ^ "Hundreds rally for abortion rights in Temple Terrace". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  73. ^ "Hundreds of students, community members protest Supreme Court's abortion ruling". Kent Wired. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  74. ^ Nordin, Jasper. "Protest at U of MN against legal threat to Indian Child Welfare Act". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  75. ^ Chhith, Alex; Tribune, Louis Krauss Star. "University of Minnesota Native group protests Supreme Court case involving Indian Child Welfare Act". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  76. ^ "USF community protests DeSantis' higher education proposals, investigations as part of statewide walkout". The Oracle. 2023-02-24. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  77. ^ Nichols, Bailey. "FSU SDS holds student led march in protest of 'Don't Say Gay' bill". FSView. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  78. ^ "SJSU News | Learn By Doing/ Excite Your Mind". sjsunews.com. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  79. ^ Kanas, Rayna (2022-03-24). "USF students protest U.S. intervention in Ukraine". WMNF. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  80. ^ "SJSU News | Learn By Doing/ Excite Your Mind". sjsunews.com. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  81. ^ Carpio, Chrisley. "Students for a Democratic Society 16th Annual Convention say, 'Not another step back!'". Fight Back! News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  82. ^ Machtig, Abbey. "Student group pushes U to offer abortions on campuses". MPR News. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  83. ^ Stevens, Olivia. "Protestors demand UMN increase abortion access, support". The Minnesota Daily. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  84. ^ Sweeney, Joseph. "Students for a Democratic Society call for women's and LGBTQ+ rights". The Daily Texan. Retrieved 2023-02-26.

Further reading

Category:American democracy activists

Category:Anti–Iraq War groups

Category:Left-wing organizations in the United States

Category:Organizations established in 2006

Category:Social movement organizations

Category:Student political organizations in the United States

Category:Students for a Democratic Society

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