Ustad Isa
Ustad Isa Shirazi (Persian: استاد عيسى شیرازی translation Master Isa) was a Persian architect[1] from the city of Shiraz in Safavid Persia (modern-day Iran)[2] often described as the assistant architect of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India.[3]
The lack of complete and reliable information as to whom the credit for the design belongs, led to innumerable speculations. Scholars suggest the story of Ustad Isa was born of the eagerness of the British in the 19th century to believe that such a beautiful building should be credited to a European architect. Local informants were reported to have started British curiosity regarding the origins of the Taj by also supplying them with fictitious lists of workmen and materials from all over Asia. Not much is currently known about his background though his surname Shirazi indicates Persian origin. Certain sources have conflated Ustad Isa Shirazi with Isa Muhammad Effendi,[2] which would corroborate a Turco-Persian origin.
Recent research suggests the architect, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri was the most likely candidate as the chief architect of the Taj Mahal, an assertion based on a claim made in writings by Lahauri's son Lutfullah Muhandis.[4][5][6][7]
See also
- Taj Mahal- Built (1632-1653)
- Mughal architecture
- Shah Jahan (1628-1707)
Ustad Isa Shirazi was the assistant of Ustad Ahmad Lahori.[citation needed]
Footnotes
- ^ "Construction of the Taj Mahal". www.wonders-of-the-world.net. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
Ustad Isa [Shirazi] and Isa Muhammad Effendi, from Persia: Architectural Designer
- ^ a b "Creation History". www.tajmahal.gov.in. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
Architects and Craftsmen; Ustad Isa and Isa Muhammad Effendi of Persia, Credited with a key role in the architectural design.
- ^ (Heather Kissock) Ustad Isa, Chief Designer page 16 Taj Mahal (The Builders including Ustad Isa) via Google Books, Published 2018, Retrieved 18 November 2021
- ^ Taj Mahal Description and Profile UNESCO website, Retrieved 18 November 2021
- ^ Asher, p.212
- ^ Begley and Desai, p.65
- ^ The Age of Splendor (The Reign of Shah Jahan) Columbia University website, Retrieved 18 November 2021
References
- A; Desai, Z.A. (1989). Taj Mahal - The Illumined Tomb. University of Washington Press. p. 392. ISBN 978-0-295-96944-2.
- Koch, Ebba (August 2006). The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra (First ed.). Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN 0-500-34209-1.