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Vincetoxicum

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Vincetoxicum
Vincetoxicum nigrum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Asclepiadoideae
Tribe: Asclepiadeae
Genus: Vincetoxicum
Wolf 1776 not Walter 1788
Type species
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Medik.
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Alexitoxicon St.-Lag.
    • Amblyoglossum Turcz.
    • Antitoxicum Pobed.
    • Belostemma Wall. ex Wight
    • Biondia Schltr.
    • Blyttia Arn.
    • Diploglossum Meisn.
    • Diplostigma K.Schum.
    • Goydera Liede
    • Haplostemma Endl.
    • Henrya Hemsl., nom. illeg.
    • Henryastrum Happ
    • Homolostyles Wall. ex Wight
    • Homostyles Wall. ex Hook.f., not validly publ.
    • Hoyopsis H.Lév.
    • Hybanthera Endl.
    • Iphisia Wight & Arn.
    • Ischnostemma King & Gamble
    • Merrillanthus Chun & Tsiang
    • Microstephanus N.E.Br.
    • Nanostelma Baill.
    • Neohenrya Hemsl., nom. superfl.
    • Oncostemma K.Schum.
    • Pentabothra Hook.f.
    • Pentastelma Y.Tsiang & P.T.Li
    • Pleurostelma Baill.
    • Podostelma K.Schum.
    • Pseudopentatropis Costantin
    • Pycnostelma Bunge ex Decne.
    • Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li
    • Rhyncharrhena F.Muell.
    • Sphaerocodon Benth.
    • Spirella Costantin
    • Tylophora R.Br.
    • Tylophoropsis N.E.Br.
    • Vincetoxicopsis Costantin

Vincetoxicum is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in Vincetoxicum have sometimes been included in Cynanchum,[2][3] chemical and molecular evidence shows that Vincetoxicum is more closely related to Tylophora,[4][5] now included in Vincetoxicum. The generic name means "poison-beater" in Botanical Latin because of the plants' supposed antidotal effects against snakebite.[6]

Species

Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of January 2023:[1]

formerly included

moved to other genera (Alexitoxicon, Antitoxicum, Asclepias, Blyttia, Cynanchum, Dictyanthus, Diplolepis, Gonolobus, Heterostemma, Macroscepis, Matelea, Orthosia, Pentatropis, Petalostelma, Polystemma)

  1. V. abyssinicum - Cynanchum abyssinicum
  2. V. acutissimum - Matelea acutissima
  3. V. acutum - Cynanchum acutum
  4. V. adalinae - Cynanchum adalinae
  5. V. adenocardium - Matelea adenocardia
  6. V. affine - Cynanchum mooreanum
  7. V. africanum - Cynanchum africanum
  8. V. alabamense - Matelea alabamensis
  9. V. alatum - Cynanchum alatum
  10. V. albidum - Alexitoxicon albidum
  11. V. alpicolum - Alexitoxicon alpicola
  12. V. ambiguum - Cynanchum ambiguum
  13. V. amplexicaule - Cynanchum amplexicaule
  14. V. angulatum - Orthosia scoparia
  15. V. angustilobum - Matelea angustiloba
  16. V. aphyllum - Orthosia scoparia
  17. V. arenosum - Cynanchum arenosum
  18. V. ascyrifolium - Cynanchum ascyrifolium
  19. V. asperum - Gonolobus asper
  20. V. astephanoides - Marsdenia astephanoides
  21. V. atratum - Cynanchum atratum
  22. V. atrocoronatum - Matelea atrocoronata
  23. V. auriculatum - Cynanchum auriculatum
  24. V. baldwinianum - Matelea baldwyniana
  25. V. balfourianum - Cynanchum forrestii
  26. V. barbatum - Gonolobus barbatus
  27. V. belizense - Matelea belizensis
  28. V. bifidum - Gonolobus bifidus
  29. V. biondioides - Cynanchum biondioides
  30. V. boerhaviaefolium - Diplolepis boerhaviifolia
  31. V. bojerianum - Cynanchum bojerianum
  32. V. brandtii - Cynanchum brandtii
  33. V. brevicoronatum - Matelea brevicoronata
  34. V. bulligerum - Cynanchum bulligerum
  35. V. calcaratum - Heterostemma acuminatum
  36. V. calcicola - Matelea calcicola
  37. V. callialatum - Cynanchum callialatum
  38. V. campechianum - Matelea campechiana
  39. V. camporum - Matelea camporum
  40. V. capense - Pentatropis capensis
  41. V. carolinense - Matelea carolinensis
  42. V. caudatum - Matelea caudata
  43. V. cavanillesii - Gonolobus niger
  44. V. chekiangense - Cynanchum chekiangense
  45. V. chiapense - Gonolobus chiapensis
  46. V. chihuahuense - Matelea chihuahuensis
  47. V. chiloense - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
  48. V. chinense - Cynanchum mooreanum
  49. V. chiriquense - Gonolobus chiriquensis
  50. V. chrysanthum - Matelea chrysantha
  51. V. congestum - Orthosia urceolata
  52. V. crenatum - Matelea crenata
  53. V. cteniophorum - Gonolobus cteniophorus
  54. V. cyclophyllum - Matelea cyclophylla
  55. V. cynanchoides - Matelea cynanchoides
  56. V. dalhousiae - Cynanchum dalhousiae
  57. V. dasystephanum - Gonolobus dasystephanus
  58. V. diadematum - Macroscepis diademata
  59. V. dombeyanum - Cynanchum dombeyanum
  60. V. dubium - Gonolobus albomarginatus
  61. V. edule - Gonolobus edulis
  62. V. eichleri - Orthosia eichleri
  63. V. erianthum - Gonolobus erianthus
  64. V. erubescens - Cynanchum pedunculatum
  65. V. eurychitoides - Cynanchum eurychitoides
  66. V. excelsum - Cynanchum acutum
  67. V. fimbriatum - Matelea cumanensis
  68. V. flavidulum - Matelea flavidula
  69. V. floridanum - Matelea floridana
  70. V. fordii - Cynanchum fordii
  71. V. formosanum - Cynanchum ovalifolium
  72. V. forrestii - Cynanchum forrestii
  73. V. fraternum - Gonolobus fraternus
  74. V. fruticulosum - Blyttia fruticulosa
  75. V. fuscum - Gonolobus fuscus
  76. V. gentlei - Matelea gentlei
  77. V. glaucescens - Cynanchum glaucescens
  78. V. gonocarpos - Gonolobus suberosus
  79. V. gracilipes - Cynanchum taihangense
  80. V. grandiflorum Standl. not (R. Br.) Kuntze - Matelea fulvida
  81. V. greggii - Matelea greggii
  82. V. guilleminianum - Orthosia guilleminiana
  83. V. hancockianum - Cynanchum mongolicum
  84. V. hastulatum - Matelea hastulata
  85. V. hatchii - Matelea magnifolia
  86. V. heydei - Cynanchum heydei
  87. V. hirtellum - Metastelma hirtellum
  88. V. holstii - Cynanchum abyssinicum
  89. V. hydrophilum - Cynanchum hydrophilum
  90. V. insulanum - Cynanchum insulanum
  91. V. jacquemontianum - Cynanchum jacquemontianum
  92. V. jaliscense - Gonolobus jaliscensis
  93. V. japonicum var. grayanum - Cynanchum grayanum
  94. V. kitagawae - Cynanchum inamoenum
  95. V. krameri - Cynanchum krameri
  96. V. kunthii - Cynanchum kunthii
  97. V. lasiostomum - Gonolobus lasiostomus
  98. V. lateriflorum - Cynanchum mongolicum
  99. V. leptocladum - Cynanchum leptocladum
  100. V. lesueurii - Matelea lesueurii
  101. V. limprichtii - Cynanchum forrestii
  102. V. linearifolium - Cynanchum stauntonii
  103. V. linearisepalum - Cynanchum linearisepalum
  104. V. linifolium - Cynanchum linifolium
  105. V. littorale - Dictyanthus asper
  106. V. lundellii - Gonolobus cteniophorus
  107. V. luteum Sieber ex Boiss. not Hoffmanns. & Link - Asclepias lutea
  108. V. macranthum - Gonolobus macranthus
  109. V. macrophyllum var. nikoensis - Cynanchum inamoenum
  110. V. magnifolium - Matelea magnifolia
  111. V. mandschuricum - Cynanchum versicolor
  112. V. mannii - Cynanchum adalinae subsp. mannii
  113. V. medium - Antitoxicum medium
  114. V. megacarphum - Dictyanthus asper
  115. V. melanthum - Orthosia melantha
  116. V. microphyllum - Cynanchum microphyllum
  117. V. mongolicum - Cynanchum mongolicum
  118. V. mucronatum - Cynanchum chilense
  119. V. muliense - Cynanchum forrestii
  120. V. multiflorum - Cynanchum multiflorum
  121. V. multinerve - Cynanchum atratum
  122. V. myrtifolium - Cynanchum myrtifolium
  123. V. nemorosum - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
  124. V. nigrescens - Matelea nigrescens
  125. V. nummulariifolium - Diplolepis nummulariifolia
  126. V. oaxacanum - Matelea oaxacana
  127. V. obliquum - Matelea obliqua
  128. V. oblongatum - Matelea oblongata
  129. V. obtusifolium - Cynanchum obtusifolium
  130. V. ochroleucum - Alexitoxicon ochroleucum
  131. V. otophyllum - Cynanchum otophyllum
  132. V. pachylepis - Marsdenia araujacea
  133. V. pachyphyllum - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
  134. V. parvifolium - Matelea parvifolia
  135. V. patagonicum - Diplolepis nummulariifolia
  136. V. pauciflorum - Cynanchum atratum
  137. V. pectinatum - Gonolobus pectinatus
  138. V. petiolare - Matelea petiolaris
  139. V. petrense - Cynanchum petrense
  140. V. petrophilum - Alexitoxicon petrophilum
  141. V. pinguifolium - Matelea pinguifolia
  142. V. pittieri - Matelea picturata
  143. V. polyanthum - Cynanchum polyanthum
  144. V. porphyranthum - Matelea porphyrantha
  145. V. productum - Matelea producta
  146. V. propinquum - Gonolobus macranthus
  147. V. pseudobarbatum - Matelea pseudobarbata
  148. V. puberulum - Alexitoxicon puberulum
  149. V. pubescens - Cynanchum chinense
  150. V. pubiflorum - Matelea pubiflora
  151. V. pueblense - Matelea pueblensis
  152. V. purpureum - Cynanchum purpureum
  153. V. quercetorum - Matelea quercetorum
  154. V. quirosii - Polystemma guatemalense
  155. V. repandum - Cynanchum repandum
  156. V. reticulatum - Matelea reticulata
  157. V. riedelii - Orthosia guilleminiana
  158. V. riparium - Cynanchum riparium
  159. V. robertii - Petalostelma robertii
  160. V. rothschuhii - Gonolobus heterophyllus
  161. V. rutenbergianum - Cynanchum repandum
  162. V. saepimentorum - Cynanchum racemosum var. unifarium
  163. V. sagittifolium - Matelea sagittifolia
  164. V. salvinii - Gonolobus salvinii
  165. V. schippii - Gonolobus leianthus
  166. V. schmalhausenii - Vincetoxicum schmalhausenii
  167. V. scoparium - Orthosia scoparia
  168. V. selloanum - Orthosia selloana
  169. V. sepium - Metastelma sepium
  170. V. shortii - Matelea obliqua
  171. V. sibiricum var. australe - Cynanchum thesioides
  172. V. sibiricum var. boreale - Cynanchum thesioides
  173. V. sintenisii - Matelea sintenisii
  174. V. stauntonii - Cynanchum stauntonii
  175. V. stenanthum - Gonolobus stenanthus
  176. V. stenophyllum - Cynanchum stenophyllum
  177. V. stephanotrichum - Gonolobus stephanotrichus
  178. V. steppicola - Cynanchum forrestii
  179. V. striatum - Gonolobus striatus
  180. V. suberiferum - Matelea suberifera
  181. V. suberosum - Gonolobus suberosus
  182. V. sublanceolatum - Cynanchum sublanceolatum
  183. V. taihangense - Cynanchum taihangense
  184. V. thesioides - Cynanchum thesioides
  185. V. tingens - Gonolobus tingens
  186. V. tmoleum - Antitoxicum tmoleum
  187. V. tomentosum - Orthosia scoparia
  188. V. tortum - Gonolobus cteniophorus
  189. V. trichoneuron - Matelea tuerckheimii
  190. V. triflorum - Gonolobus triflorus
  191. V. tristiflorum - Matelea tristiflora
  192. V. tunicatum - Cynanchum tunicatum
  193. V. umbellatum - Cynanchum rusbyi
  194. V. umbrosum - Cynanchum umbrosum
  195. V. undulatum - Cynanchum andinum
  196. V. uniflorum - Gonolobus uniflorus
  197. V. urceolatum - Orthosia urceolata
  198. V. variifolium - Matelea variifolia
  199. V. velutinum - Matelea velutina
  200. V. versicolor - Cynanchum versicolor
  201. V. verticillatum - Cynanchum verticillatum
  202. V. virescens - Cynanchum eurychiton
  203. V. viride - Cynanchum atacamense
  204. V. viridiflorum - Matelea denticulata
  205. V. wallichii - Cynanchum wallichii
  206. V. wilfordii - Cynanchum wilfordii
  207. V. wootonii - Matelea wootonii
  208. V. xanthotrichum - Gonolobus xanthotrichus
  209. V. zollingeri - Cynanchum ovalifolium

References

  1. ^ a b "Vincetoxicum Wolf". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Cynanchum in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org.
  3. ^ "2013 BONAP North American Plant Atlas. TaxonMaps". bonap.net.
  4. ^ Sigrid Liede and Angelika Tauber (Oct–Dec 2002), "Circumscription of the Genus Cynanchum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)", Systematic Botany, 27 (4), American Society of Plant Taxonomists: 789–800, doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.4.789 (inactive 1 November 2024), JSTOR 3093924{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  5. ^ "Genere Vincetoxicum - Flora Italiana". luirig.altervista.org.
  6. ^ Gledhill D. 1985. The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521366755
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