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What.CD

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What.CD
Type of site
BitTorrent tracker
Available inEnglish
DissolvedNovember 17, 2016; 8 years ago (2016-11-17)
RevenueVoluntary donations
URLwhat.cd (defunct)
CommercialNo
LaunchedOctober 27, 2007; 17 years ago (2007-10-27)
Current statusDefunct
Part of a series on
File sharing
Technologies
Video on demand sites
BitTorrent sites
Academic/scholarly
File sharing networks
P2P clients
Streaming programs
Anonymous file sharing
Development and societal aspects
By country or region
Comparisons

What.CD was a private, invitation-only music BitTorrent tracker and community launched in 2007.[1][2] The site was shut down on 17 November 2016, after French authorities seized the site's servers.[3][4]

History

What.CD was founded on the day of Oink's Pink Palace's closure in October 2007.[5] In November 2007, many site users received a hoax email purporting to be from the Recording Industry Association of America threatening to press charges for illegal downloads.[6]

In 2008, the Canadian Recording Industry Association asked now-defunct Moxie Colo, then What.CD's host, to take down several tracker sites, including What.CD. The company refused, saying, "We will not be following the request and will be fighting for the rights of our clients as—to date—laws in Canada protect them."[7] In October, the site released "The What CD Volume 2", a compilation album of artists that contributed to the site. Earlier that year, the site released Volume One.[8]

In December 2008, What.CD and Open Your Eyes Records formed a partnership in which the record label would exclusively distribute new releases on the tracker.[9][10]

In 2010, CNET.com reported that a teenage boy had gained access to playMPE.com (MPE meaning Music Protection by Encryption), an industry website used by music labels to share music with radio stations, by posing as an Australian music critic. He subsequently uploaded a number of unreleased albums to What.CD.[11]

In September 2010, What.CD debuted a new lightweight tracker called "Ocelot". The lightweight tracker used only 3GB of RAM to power over five million peers.[12]

In December 2010, What.CD's collection reached one million torrents, a record for a private BitTorrent tracker.[13]

Throughout early 2014, the site was subject to a severe and prolonged DDoS attack, causing intermittent tracker downtime and limiting many of the site's services.[14]

Shutdown

On 17 November 2016, French authorities seized 12 servers from the internet service provider OVH in the north of France.[3][15] Later, What.CD announced its closure on its index page and Twitter, saying, "Due to some recent events, What.CD is shutting down. We are not likely to return any time soon in our current form. All site and user data has been destroyed. So long, and thanks for all the fish," a reference to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The site's Twitter account later posted the tweet "Reports of our database being seized are not factual".[16]

On 18 November 2016, What.CD issued a statement about its shutdown, stating that its users and staff were safe, thanking all contributors and recommending that donations go to Internet Archive, Electronic Frontier Foundation, La Quadrature du Net and Initiative für Netzfreiheit.[17]

In October 2017, for What.CD's ten-year anniversary, former What.CD staff released a torrent containing the last backup of all non-user data from the site, saying that this message would "likely be the last".[18][19][20]

Leaks

The Radiohead song "These Are My Twisted Words" was uploaded to the tracker on 12 August 2009. Fans speculated the song had been leaked by the band itself and contained hints to an upcoming EP entitled Wall of Ice. The song was released on 17 August 2009, on the band's website, similar to their release of In Rainbows.[21][22]

In 2009, Microsoft's forensic tool, Computer Online Forensic Evidence Extractor (COFEE), was leaked on the site. Administrators later removed the software.[23] The What.CD staff said of the removal: "Suddenly, we were forced to take a real look at the program, its source, and the potential impact on the site and security of our users and staff. And when we did, we didn't like what came of it. So, a decision was made. The torrent was removed (and it is not to be uploaded here again)."[24]

On 28 November 2013, a What.CD user uploaded scans of three unpublished stories by American author J. D. Salinger.[25][26] Similar to the response to the COFEE upload, an administrator removed the torrent.[26]

References

  1. ^ "What.CD Interview Preparation". whatinterviewprep.com. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016.
  2. ^ Nosowitz, Dan (7 September 2010). "Massive International BitTorrent Raid: Where Will We Download Mad Men Now?". Fast Company. Archived from the original on 11 September 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  3. ^ a b Bancal, Damien (17 November 2016). "Opération What.CD : 12 serveurs saisis chez OVH et Free". ZATAZ (in French). Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  4. ^ van der Sar, Ernesto. "What.cd Shuts Down Following Reported Raids in France". TorrentFreak. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  5. ^ Jones, Ben. "What Waffles? The Hydra Lives On". Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  6. ^ "14 Year Old BitTorrent Hacker Threatens to Sue What.cd Users". Torrent Freak. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  7. ^ Deleon, Nicholas. "What.cd, other BitTorrent trackers ordered shut by Canadian Recording Industry Association". Crunchgear. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  8. ^ Deleon, Nicholas. "What.cd Volume 2: Showing the recording industry how to promote music in the BitTorrent era". Crunchgear. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  9. ^ "Record Label Teams Up With What.cd BitTorrent Tracker". Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  10. ^ "A Record Label That Embraces BitTorrent". TechDirt. 31 December 2008. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  11. ^ Rosoff, Matt. "Report: Music insider site source of leaked songs". CNET. Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  12. ^ "What.cd Debuts Lightweight Tracker For Its 5 Million Peers". TorrentFreak. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  13. ^ "What.cd Reaches One Million Torrents". TorrentFreak. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  14. ^ Ernesto (6 January 2014). "DDOS ATTACKS TAKE DOWN WHAT.CD, BTN AND PTP BITTORRENT TRACKERS". Torrentfreak. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  15. ^ Welch, Chris (17 November 2016). "Music torrent site What.cd has been shut down". The Verge. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  16. ^ @whatcd (17 November 2016). "Reports of our database being seized are not factual" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  17. ^ @whatcd (18 November 2016). "Goodbye <3 [...]" (Tweet). Retrieved 19 November 2016 – via Twitter.
  18. ^ "What.CD 10-year anniversary mixtape • r/trackers". reddit. 27 October 2017. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  19. ^ What.CD (27 October 2017). "10-year anniversary mixtape". @whatcd. Archived from the original on 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  20. ^ What.CD (27 October 2017). "What.CD". @whatcd. Archived from the original on 6 February 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  21. ^ Sean Michaels (14 August 2009). "Was the new Radiohead song leaked by the band?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
  22. ^ Ryan Dombal (14 August 2009). "Radiohead Rumor Mill Steaming Ahead, Threatening to Devour Entire Internet". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
  23. ^ "Microsoft's COFEE Computer Forensic Tools Leaked". TechDirt. 9 November 2009. Archived from the original on 31 December 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  24. ^ Benjamen, Yobie. "Microsoft's COFEE spilled on the Internet by Torrent pirates". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  25. ^ "Unpublished Salinger Books Leaked to Private File-Sharing Site". TorrentFreak. Archived from the original on 28 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  26. ^ a b Kennedy, Maev (23 December 2013). "JD Salinger's unpublished stories leaked online". Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
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